• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2008

It is rare that the dwelling buildings designated as cultural assets owing to the demands of the rapid-changing times and their residences are conserved as their original shapes, though the extent varies. Meanwhile, there has been a continuous effort to preserve and take over our traditional dwelling culture. Yet, the effects were not tangible because the viewpoints are different between the conservation promoters and related residents-officials-experts and because the conservation method is not decided in advance. Thus, in conserving the traditional dwelling culture containing the history of human life, this study tries to find out the reasonable ways for conserving traditional residence based on the consciousness research of citizens on conserving and utilizing the cultural assets. Furthermore this study also tries to suggest to contemporaries - who should live side by side with the historic cultural assets - what attitude they should have. On the basis of above survey, the objective of this study is said to consist in presenting the directions - what efforts are needed - for the more active and participant conservation.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.20
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• pp.149-182
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• 2010

This paper reports on an ongoing study that utilizes the literacy autobiographies of 10 Asian and 10 Western graduate students from TESOL Masters programs in Korea and America as data for a cross cultural study on the discursive process of identity formation and the development of critical consciousness (Freire, 2000). While the data suggests similarities and differences between cultures in terms of the effects of education, social relationships, media, and religion, no definitive claims may be made due to the small size of the research corpus. However, analysis of the data revealed that only four of the narratives could be judged as engaging in critical introspection of individual subjects systems of knowledge, values, and beliefs, as opposed to the other narratives that were primarily descriptive of individual personal experiences. As such, this study found that while the willingness and ability to engage in the critical practices which lead to the development of a critical consciousness are similar across cultures, they may be mediated by the literacy practices inscribed in education, media, and other social practices.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.497-515
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• 2009

Culture as a source of identity, as Edward Said says, can be a battleground on which various political and ideological causes engage one another. It is not mere individual cultivation or private possession, but a program for social cohesion. Sensitively aware that a national culture should be independent from Europe, Walt Whitman enacts a new form of literature by placing different cultural values against Old World tradition. His interest in autochthonous culture originates from his deep concern about national consciousness. He believes that literary taste directed toward highly-ornamented elite culture is an obstacle to cultural unification of a nation. In order to represent American culture of the common people, Whitman incorporates a lot of cultural material into his poetry. Since he believes that America has many respectable writers at home, he urges people to adjust to their own taste instead of running after foreign authors. Whitman differentiated his poetry from previous literary models by disrupting the established literary norms and reconfiguring cultural values on the basis of American ways of life. In his comment on other poets, he concentrates on the originality and nativity of poetry. By claiming that words have characteristics of nativity, independence, and individuality, he envisions American literature to be distinguished from British literature in literary materials as well as in language. Whitman s language is composed of a vast number of words that can fully portray the nation. He works over language materials in two ways: reterritorialization and deterritorialization. Not only does his literary language become subversive of the established literary language, but also makes it possible to express strength and intensity in feeling.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.299-310
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• 2018

This study examined the significance of the crew's professional consciousness and sought to clarify the differences in the professional consciousness of crew by considering biographical characteristics of the crew and onboard working situations, which were expected to influence the professional consciousness of crew. The empirical analysis showed the crew's individual characteristics such as age, marital status, position in ship organization and nationality significantly influenced professional consciousness. The comparison in the differences of professional consciousness level among crew's nationalities showed that the professional consciousness of Filipino crew was the highest, and in the descending order of Indonesia, Myanmar, Chinese, and South Korea. The analysis results of other variables of on-board working characteristics showed that as crew's satisfaction of welfare increased, crew's professional consciousness increased, whereas the feeling of isolation from home and society had a statistically significant negative (-) impact on crew's professional consciousness. Furthermore, the analysis of multinational crew manning characteristics stated that cross-cultural acceptance did not have a statistically significant impact on the crew's professional consciousness, while cross-cultural adaptability had a statistically significant impact. This study emphasize the importance of the crew's professional consciousness and suggest how to enhance it, which allows crew to continue their career with the charm and pride of their profession.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.101-117
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• 2004

Opposed to following the contours of the human body, the voluminous enlargement in costume, which characterizes the distinguished enlargement in space rather than the contour of human body, mean the enlargement aspect involving the vertical protrusion and the expansion of shape and volume as well as the extension of length. The costume enlargement as a different method of expression is a symbol showing a meaning of something and an aesthetic expression containing man's will. This voluminous enlargement of costume, as an aesthetic expression, has different formative characteristicsand immanent meanings according to ideals and thoughts as well as social and cultural background of each age Accordingly, the aesthetic consciousness also differaccording to the change of the times. To study the aesthetic consciousness of costume's voluminous enlargement, focous had been given to milieus that show comparatively conspicuous voluminous enlargement Periods that have been subjected to this study include costumes of the ancient Egypt, the Gothic period in the Middle age, the Renaissance, the Baroque Rococo of the recent times, and the modern era (Empire, Romantic, Art Nouveau. etc) With focus given to the principle of design obtained through this study were used to analyze the aesthetic characteristics, Futhermore, based on the spirit of the times and the socio-cultural symbolism, research on immanent meanings, as supported by objectivity and universal validity, was also made, the enlargement beauty of costume had been placed under the aesthetic category and, by interpreting the analogies of presented in aesthetic consciousness, the true nature of the voluminous enlargement in costume had been traced. To Conclude, the aesthetic consciousness of the voluminous enlargement of the costumes in history was found to have following characteristics: (l) Metaphorical (2) Unlooked-for irregularity (3) feeling of satisfaction driven by self-enlargement (4) Dignified sublimity (5) Symbol of wealth and class (6) Ceremonial dignity (7) Tradition of the nobility (8) Aesthetic ornament (9) Ideal contour of the body

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to investigate objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors, and to analysis the differences on this two variables between Korean and Chinese consumers. The subjects were 700 Korean and Chinese female university students. The research method was a survey and the measuring instruments consisted of objectified body consciousness scale, appearance management behaviors items, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, cross tabs analysis, $x^2$ test, Cronbach' ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, t-test, and regression analysis, using SPSS statistical program. The results were as follows. First, three factors(body surveillance, body shame, and control belief) were emerged on objectified body consciousness, and Korean students showed the higher level of objectified body consciousness than Chinese students. Second, Korean students had much more experience and a higher intention to perform various appearance management behaviors than Chinese students. Third, body shame and control belief factors had important effects on appearance management behaviors of both country students. However, body surveillance was an important factor on only Korean students' appearance management behaviors. This study showed that objectified body consciousness is an important variable to affect appearance management behaviors, and there are many differences on objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors by cultural environments.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to provide further direction to the culture program at the healthy family center by analyzinge its different concepts of family living culture, which is based on changes in the family values of an individual. This research was conducted on residents in the area of Seoul and Kung-gi from March 1, 2007 to March 30, 2007. The survey was distributed to 300 people, and 186 surveys were collected. Among those 186 surveyed, 179 were finally analyzed. Findings from the survey are as follows: First, age, gender, and marital status show differences in familism, consciousness of men's and women's equality, and recognition of family cultural ritual. As to planning the healthy family culture program, the program participants' age, gender, and marital status should be considered to successfully plan and operate the program. Second, regarding the view of family life from three aspects including the degree of recognition of family cultural ritual, familism, and the consciousness of men's and women's equality, all three variables show differences in the view of family life. Therefore, it will be highly effective to organize two separate groups: one presents lower recognition of family cultural ritual and family-based values, and another possesses a higher sense of equality. Third, the result of reviewing relative effectiveness to the proper family life value, wedding, consciousness of parents respect(=filial piety), and sacrificial rituals, funeral rites were founded to highly effective to family living view. Therefore, it will be highly effective to include these topics, when the family cultural living program is planned.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.104-121
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to make sure of identity as a paradigm of new fsahion to introduce the concept of Sumulacres by J. Baudrillard, For converting to new aesthetic value. To do this, we started observing the general concept of Simulacres, and examined Cyberpunk within thinking of Simulacres and Cyberpunk fashion at virtual space, and then divided aesthetic consciousness appeared at Cyberpunk fashion centering on the concept of Simulacres into inwards sense and outwards sense. Cyberpunk is understood to be one of tendency in the cyber cultures controlled by computer and electronic technology. It is not yet defined clearly and therefore ambiguous and still being elaborated. However, the form started changing our sense sinking into overall cultures in the World, including even movie, literature, music and fashion, and giving complex, deep cultural and artistic possibilities. Also, as a subculture, Cyberpunk is building its own cultural territory in cyber space and is experiencing more real Simulacres than that of it in the ordinary life.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2014

Intelligence of children is developed by psychological factors, and these are affected much by visual cognition. Language, behavior, arts, and cultural environment would be the main factors for visual cognitions of children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to set up those data for children intelligence development. For this, I researched, analyzed, and evaluated the esthetic consciousness of children on visual arts.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.1 s.35
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

This study was a quasi-experimental study conducted in ${\ulcorner}$Design of Home Life${\lrcorner}$ unit of high school Home Economics. The purposes of this study was to analyze the effects of gender equity instruction on gender equity consciousness of high school students, and to raise gender equity consciousness of students. The summarized results of this study were as follows; 1. After experiment. gender equality consciousness of experimental group was higher than that of comparison group in all four areas, that is, home life, school life, vocational life and socio-cultural life. So there was statistically significant differences in gender equity consciousness between two groups. 2. The gender equity consciousness of the experimental group was higher In post-test than pre-test, so there was statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test in the comparison group. 3. After experiment, the change-rate of the gender equality consciousness In the experimental group was higher than that of in the comparison group, so there was statistically significant differences between two groups in the change-rate. As results of this study, in the ${\ulcorner}$Design of Home Life${\lrcorner}$ unit of high school Home Economics, it was proved that the gender equity class was effective on raising the gender equality consciousness of high school students in all four areas of home life, school life, vocational life and socio-cultural life.