• 유기물자원화
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2010

바이오디젤 과정에서 부산물로 발생하는 글리세롤의 양은 가까운 시일 안에 글리세롤 수요를 초과할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 글리세롤의 유효 이용 및 처리 측면에서 돈분과의 혼합 소화 가능성을 타진하였다. 글리세롤이 13.8 g/L로 투입된 경우 돈분 단독 소화에 비해 메탄 생성량과 속도가 각각 90%, 120% 향상되어 혼합 기질로 사용될 수 있음을 보였으며, 글리세롤로부터 메탄의 수율은 232 mL/g였다. 그러나 27.5 g/L 이상의 농도에서는 저해작용으로 인해 메탄 생성 속도가 감소되었다. 돈분과의 혼합 소화 시 글리세롤의 최적 주입 농도는 13.8 g/L부근인 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2014

In this study, crude glycerol was used as a carbon source in the cultivation of wild yeasts, aiming at the production of microbial lipids and citric acid. Forty yeasts of different sources were tested concerning their growth in crude and commercial glycerol. Four yeasts (Lindnera saturnus UFLA CES-Y677, Yarrowia lipolytica UFLA CM-Y9.4, Rhodotorula glutinis NCYC 2439, and Cryptococcus curvatus NCYC 476) were then selected owing to their ability to grow in pure ($OD_{600}$ 2.133, 1.633, 2.055, and 2.049, respectively) and crude ($OD_{600}$ 2.354, 1.753, 2.316, and 2.281, respectively) glycerol (10%, 20%, and 30%). Y. lipolytica UFLA CM-Y9.4 was selected for its ability to maintain cell viability in concentrations of 30% of crude glycerol, and high glycerol intake (18.907 g/l). This yeast was submitted to lipid production in 30 g/l of crude glycerol, and therefore obtained 63.4% of microbial lipids. In the fatty acid profile, there was a predominance of stearic (C18:0) and palmitic (C16:0) acids in the concentrations of 87.64% and 74.67%, respectively. We also performed optimization of the parameters for the production of citric acid, which yielded a production of 0.19 g/l of citric acid in optimum conditions (38.4 g/l of crude glycerol, agitation of 184 rpm, and temperature of $30^{\circ}C$). Yarrowia lipolytica UFLA CM-Y9.4 presented good lipid production when in the concentration of 30 g/l of glycerol. These data may be used for production in large quantities for the application of industrial biodiesel.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 통성 혐기성 세균인 K. pneumoniae DSM2026 K. pneumoniae DSM4799를 이용하여 국내 바이오디젤 생산공정에서 발생된 폐글리세롤로부터 1,3-PD을 생산하고자 하였다. 폐글리세롤은 전처리 없이 이용하여 폐글리세롤에 포함되어 있는 불순물의 영향을 알아보았다. 실험 결과, 회분식 발효에서 폐글리세롤을 사용한 경우 순수 글리세롤에 비해 $1.1{\sim}2.5$배 향상된 1,3-PD 증가량을 나타내었으며, 이를 통해 바이오디젤 부산물인 폐글리세롤은 순수 글리세롤보다 효과적인 1,3-PD 생산 기질로의 사용가능성을 확인하였다. 배양액에서 글루코스 첨가 유무에 따른 1,3-PD의 생성 변화를 살펴본 결과, 글루코스에 의해 미생물의 성장이 30% 증가된 반면, 1,3-PD의 생산량은 글루코스가 첨가되지 않은 배양액에서 $1.3{\sim}2.9$배 정도 증가되었다. 또한 1,3-PD 발효 부산물인 2,3-BD 생산량은 글루코스 첨가시 $6{\sim}9\;g/L$까지 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반회분식 배양에서는 글루코스 미첨가시 폐글리세롤로부터 26 g/L의 1,3-PD가 생성되었으며, 이는 순수글리세롤 사용했을 경우에 비해 $2{\sim}3$배 높은 생성량이었다. 본 연구를 통해, 전처리 과정을 거치지 않은 바이오디젤 부산물인 폐글리세롤이 효과적으로 1,3-PD 생산에 이용될 수 있음을 알 수 있으며, 이를 통해 보다 가격경쟁력이 있는 생물학적 1,3-PD 생산이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2011

The effects of pH, glycerol concentration and salt on cell growth and ethanol production using Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC 2190 were evaluated in the anaerobic culture condition. In condition of initial pH 5, cell growth and ethanol production were highest. An initial concentration of 10 g/L of pure glycerol gave the highest cell growth and ethanol production. However, in case of over 15 g/L of pure glycerol, they decreased. The cell growth and ethanol production decreased with the increase of salt concentration. When 10 g/L of crude glycerol was used as the carbon source, the cell growth and ethanol production were $1.32\;OD_{600}$ and 3.95 g/L, respectively, which were about 94.4% and 88.5% compared to those of pure glycerol. These result indicates that the crude glycerol produced in the biodiesel manufacturing process maybe useful as a potential carbon source for ethanol production form Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC 2190.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

This research investigated the preparation of activated carbon derived from Krabok (Irvingia malayana) seed shells to improve the quality of crude glycerol obtained during biodiesel production. The activated carbon was prepared using a dry chemical activation method with NaOH, utilizing an innovative biomass incinerator. The results revealed that the resulting KC/AC-two-step exhibited favorable physicochemical adsorption properties, with a high surface area of 758.72 m²/g and an iodine number of 611.10 mg/g. These values meet the criteria of the industrial product standard for activated carbon No. TIS 900-2004, as specified by the Ministry of Industry in Thailand. Additionally, the adsorption efficiency for methylene blue reached an impressive 99.35 %. This developed activated carbon was then used to improve the quality of crude glycerol obtained from biodiesel production. The experimental results showed that the KC/AC-two-step increased the purity of crude glycerol to 73.61 %. In comparison, commercially available activated carbon (C/AC) resulted in a higher crude glycerol purity of 81.19 %, as analyzed by the GC technique. Additionally, the metal content (Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, and Na) in purified glycerol using KC/AC-two-step was below the standards for heavy metals permitted in food and cosmeceuticals by the Food and Drug Administration of Thailand and the European Committee for Food Contact Materials and Articles. As a result, it can be inferred that Krabok seed shells have favorable properties for producing activated carbon suitable as an adsorbent to enhance crude glycerol purity. Furthermore, the improved crude glycerol from this research has potential for various industrial applications.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2016

본 연구는 폐글리세롤을 탄소원으로 사용하여 생장저해 없이 아미노레블린산(ALA)을 생산하는 미생물 공정을 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 폐글리세롤이 첨가된 배지에서 ALA 생산균주(E. coli/pH-hemA)를 배양하여 얻은 세포밀도와 ALA 생산량은 순수 글리세롤이 첨가된 배지에서 얻은 값보다 각각 1.8배와 1.2배 낮았다. 트레할로스를 첨가(30 g/l 또는 100 g/l) 함에 따라 세포생장과 ALA 생산성이 향상되었다. otsBA를 공동 발현하는 엔지니어링 균주(E. coli/pH-hemA/pS-otsBA)를 제작하여 순수 또는 폐글리세롤이 첨가된 배지에서 그 성능을 평가하였다. 폐글리세롤이 함유된 배지에서 엔지니어링 균주의 세포생장 및 생산성을 향상시키기 위하여 IPTG의 최적 첨가농도 및 시기를 결정하였다. 지수생장 초기에 0.6 mM의 IPTG를 첨가한 배양에서 세포 생장과 ALA 생산량이 최대치를 나타내었다. 이때 얻은 OD₆₀₀(세포 밀도)와 ALA 농도는 각각 16과 2,121 mg/l였는데, 이는 순수 글리세롤이 첨가된 배지에서 얻은 생산량과 비슷한 값이다. 본 결과는 ALA 생산균주에서 트레할로스 생합성 오페론의 최적 공동 발현을 통해 폐글리세롤에 대한 저항성을 높임으로써 추가적인 전처리 없이 폐글리세롤을 탄소원으로 직접 사용할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2015

The growth of the algae strains Neochloris oleabundans, Botryococcus Braunii and Dunaliella sp. under mixotrophic conditions in the presence of different concentrations of crude glycerol was evaluated with the objective of increasing the biomass growth and algal oil content. A high biomass concentration was characteristic of these strains when grown on crude glycerol compared to autotrophic growth, and 5 g/L glycerol yielded the highest biomass concentration for these strains. Mixotrophic conditions improved both the growth of the microalgae and the accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs). The maximum amount of TAGs in the algal strains was obtained in the 5 g/L glycerol growth medium. The fatty acid profiles of the oil for the cultures met the necessary requirements and are promising resources for biofuel production.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2014

Production of biodegradable polymer polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from industrial wastes exhibits several advantages such as recycle of waste and the production of high valuable products. To this end, this study aimed at isolating from the sewage treatment plant a PHA producing bacterium capable of utilizing wastes generated from biodiesel and food industries. A Bacillus cereus strain capable of producing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] was isolated, which was followed by confirmation of P(3HB) accumulation by gas-chromatographic analyses. Then, the effects of nutrient limitation on P(3HB) production by B. cereus was first examined. Cells cultured in a minimal medium under the limitation of nitrogen, potassium and sulfur suggested that nitrogen limitation allows the highest P(3HB) accumulation. Next, production of P(3HB) was examined from both waste of biodiesel production (crude glycerol) and waste from food industry (spent coffee grounds). Cells cultured in nitrogen-limited minimal medium supplemented crude glycerol and waste spent coffee grounds extract accumulated P(3HB) to the contents of 2.4% and 1.0% of DCW. This is the first report demonstrating the capability of B. cereus to produce P(3HB) from waste raw materials such as crude glycerol and spent coffee grounds.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.893-902
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• 2015

Various Lactobacillus reuteri strains were screened for the ability to convert glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) in a glycerol-glucose co-fermentation. Only L. reuteri DSM 20016, a well-known probiotic, was able to efficiently carry out this bioconversion. Several process strategies were employed to improve this process. Co²⁺ addition to the fermentation medium, led to a high product titer (46 g/l) of 1,3-PDO and to improved biomass synthesis. L. reuteri DSM 20016 produced also ca. 3 µg/g of cell dry weight of vitamin B₁₂, conferring an economic value to the biomass produced in the process. Incidentally, we found that L. reuteri displays the highest resistance to Co²⁺ ions ever reported for a microorganism. Two waste materials (crude glycerol from biodiesel industry and spruce hydrolysate from paper industry) alone or in combination were used as feedstocks for the production of 1,3-PDO by L. reuteri DSM 20016. Crude glycerol was efficiently converted into 1,3-PDO although with a lower titer than pure glycerol (33.3 vs. 40.7 g/l). Compared with the fermentation carried out with pure substrates, the 1,3-PDO produced was significantly lower (40.7 vs. 24.2 g/l) using cellulosic hydrolysate and crude glycerol, but strong increases of the maximal biomass produced (2.9 vs 4.3 g/l CDW) and of the glucose consumption rate were found. The results of this study lay the foundation for further investigations to exploit the biotechnological potential of L. reuteri DSM 20016 to produce 1,3-PDO and vitamin B₁₂ using industry byproducts.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.768-774
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• 2009

본 연구는 통성 혐기성 미생물인 K. pneumoniae DSM4799을 이용하여 순수 글리세롤과 국내 바이오디젤 생산공정에서 발생된 폐글리세롤로부터 1,3-PD을 생산하기 위한 연구로서, 혐기 및 호기 조건, 배양온도, 글리세롤 농도, pH에 따른 1,3-PD 생산성 비교를 통해 최적 배양조건을 찾고자 하였다. K. pneumoniae DSM4799를 혐기조건과 호기/혐기 2단계 배양을 한 결과, 혐기조건에서 더 효율적인 1,3-PD 생산이 이루어졌다. 배양 온도를 $26{\sim}37^{\circ}C$로 변화시키면서 배양한 결과, $30{\sim}33^{\circ}C$에서 높은 1,3-PD 생산성을 나타내었고, 글리세롤 농도는 글리세롤의 종류에 상관없이 60 g/L 이상에서 균주의 성장 및 1,3-PD 생산이 저해되는 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 폐글리세롤 사용시 순수 글리세롤에 비해 초기 1,3-PD 생산은 감소하였으나, 48시간 후에는 오히려 더 높은 농도의 1,3-PD를 생산하였다. 유가식 배양으로 글리세롤 농도를 40 g/L 이하로 조절하면서 pH 조절유무에 따른 1,3-PD 및 부산물의 변화를 살펴본 결과, pH를 7.0으로 유지시켰을 때 pH 조절을 하지 않은 경우보다 25% 향상된 1,3-PD 수율을 나타내었다(0.56 g/g vs. 0.45 g/g). 본 연구를 통해 K. pneumoniae DSM4799를 이용하여 1,3-PD 생산시 혐기조건, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, 순수 또는 폐글리세롤 40 g/L 이하, pH 조절 등의 배양조건이 적합함을 알 수 있었으며, 최적화된 배양조건을 통해 보다 가격경쟁력이 있는 생물학적 1,3-PD 생산이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.