• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.71-87
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to assess pain, discomfort, depression and coping patterns and the relations between these in chronic arthritis patients. The sampling method was a purposive sampling technique. 1) Who have been diagnosed as having chronic arthritis and. 2) Who were at the out patients clinic of rheumatoid arthritis departments of one University hospital in seoul between september, 11, 1993 to september, 18, 1993. The instruments used for this study were Graphic Rating Scales of pain, discomfort level of the activities of daily living(ADL) developed by Lee, Eun Ok and The Beck Depression inventory. The research used to measure coping patterns was a tool developed by the present study researcher. Analysis of data was done frequency, Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, regression and ANCOVA. The results were summerlized as follows ; 1. Female exceed male patients in number and onset of joint pain were more prevalent in the age groups of the 40s and the 50s. The average duration of suffering from the pain were seven years six mounths. 2. The mean pain score : The mean sensory score was 119mm and the affective score was 109mm. 3. The discomfort level of ADL, the mean score was 2.95 out of a possible score of 5.0 and depression syndrome subjects were 62.2%. 4. The coping responses for each pattern were as follows : 1) "Active coping" mean score was 2.28. 2) "Wishful coping" mean score was 2.89. 3) "Receptive coping" mean score was 3.31. 4) "Negative coping" mean score was 1.82. 5. Significant differences were found in age, religion, marriage status and the coping patterns of patients. 1) In the coping pattern of "receptive coping", the score of the age groups of the 50s were higher than that of 20s, and in the coping pattern of "negative coping", the score of the age groups of the 20s were higher than other age groups. 2) In the coping pattern of "wishful coping", the score of the christian were higher than other religion groups. 3) In the coping pattern of "negative coping", the score of the marrieds were lower than other groups. 6. Patients who scored low on factor 2, wishful coping, were much more likely to report having pain sensory than patioets scoring high on this factor. 7. Patients who scored high on factor 4, negative coping, were significantly more likely to report having pain sensory than patients scoring high on this factor. Consider overall, chronic arthritis patients report using a wide varity of strategies, certain strategies such as receptive, wishful and active coping are used frequently, whereas other strategies such as negative coping are rarely used. One of the most important finding of present study is that the reported use of coping strategies is related to adjustment to a chronic pain problem. The present study suggests that negative coping is related to poor emotional adjustment as assessed by depression, but not pain ratings. Considered overall, this pattern of findings suggests that counseling patients to decreased their use of negative coping may be useful. The present study has a number of limitations. First, the sample is restricted to chronic arthritis patients. Weather chronic pain patients suffering from other types of pain syndromes use similar coping strategies needs to be determined in subsequent research. Second, the tool of coping pattern must be studied further to obtain reliability.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1047-1056
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to research how elder abuse affected the abuse results (self-esteem, depression, somatization) through coping strategies. Method: A convenient sample consisted of 499 subjects from 65 to 85 years old. Data was collected using structured questionnaires from July to August, 2002. The SPSS WIN 10.0 version was used for data analysis. Results: The pathway of elder abuse affecting elder's self-esteem was researched by passive coping, emotional abuse, financial abuse, and physical abuse as the variables that directly affected self-esteem. The pathway of elder abuse affecting elder's depression was researched by passive coping, aggressive coping, verbal abuse, and neglect as the variable that directly affected depression. The pathway of elder abuse affecting somatization was researched by neglect, emotional abuse, and aggressive coping as the variables that directly affected somatization. Conclusion: We should develop a systematized intervention program so that elders can learn positive coping in their abuse circumstance.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.203-220
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the marital conflict and the conflict-coping method of self and spouse have an effect on the marital satisfaction in the early stage of marital life. The subjects of this study are the 132 couples in the area of Taegu and Pohang city. The instruments of measurement are marital conflict scale, conflict-coping method scale and Kansas marital satisfaction scale(KMSS). The data are analysed through factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test and stepwise regression analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, as a result of figuring out couples' marital conflict, husbands and wives are having the highest conflict in the personality factor. The difference of marital conflict between husbands and wives is shown significant in the relative factor. Secondly, as a result of figuring out couples' conflict-coping method, husbands and wives use mostly the reasonable behavior and leastly physical aggression. The difference of conflict-coping method between husbands and wives is shown significant in the verbal aggression, adjustment renunciation and physical aggression. Thirdly, as a result of figuring out how the marital conflict and the conflict-coping method of self and spouse have an effect on the marital satisfaction, the communication factor of the conflict factors, the wives' verbal aggression perceived by husbands, and the reasonable behavior of the self have much effect on the marital satisfaction in case of husbands. And the personality factor, sexual factor and role factor of the conflict factors and the husbands' verbal aggression and reasonable behavior perceived by wives have much effect on the marital satisfaction in case of wives.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of stress coping method, emotional intelligence, gratitude disposition, and communication competence of nursing college students to identify the factors that influence communication competence. Data were collected by using questionnaires from 159 students who were in 2nd year of the nursing college in G city, from Nov 9 to 11, 2021. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Statistically, communication competence showed a significantly positive correlation with active stress coping method, emotional intelligence and gratitude disposition. Influencing factors on communication competence were emotional intelligence, gratitude disposition, and active stress coping method accounting for 68% of the total change. Based on this results, strategies to increase emotional intelligence, gratitude disposition, and active stress coping method are needed to improve communication skills of nursing students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.448-453
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal discrepancy of coping crowns according to manufacturing method and materials by using the CAD/CAM system to compare the optimum manufacturing method and materials. The coping crowns were fabricated by using manufacturing methods and materials, and marginal fit was measured using the replica technique. For comparative analysis of manufacturing methods and materials, analysis of variance was performed. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare and analyze different mean values. For the milling method of the alloy, 114.6 was obtained for the MM group, 111.4 for the MS group, 67.2 for the MSC group, and 50.9 for the MSS group, respectively, using the milling/sintering method. In the milling/sintering method of ceramic, 35.6 and 36.3, respectively, were obtained for the SLME group and SLMR group, respectively. However,there was a significant difference according to the material. The milling/sintering method of the ceramic material gave the lowest value, and it was verified by the optimal method. However, marginal discrepancy of coping crowns fabricated using the CAD/CAM system is applicable to the clinic since it corresponds to acceptable numerical values in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.970-979
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• 1998

Cancer has been considered a life-threatening disease and coping patterns could have a strong impact the physical and psychological health of patients and their family. The purpose of this study was to identify the change of coping patterns according to the phases of illness in the patients with cancer and their family caregivers and to compare the coping patterns of patients with those of their caregivers. The phases of illness consisted of 1st(initial) stage, 2nd(metastatic or recurred) stage and 3rd (terminal) stage based on literature. The coping methods were measured using the modified Ways of Coping Questionnaire by Lazarus & Folkman(1984). Seventy-nine patients(35 in stage 1, 31 in stage 2, and 13 in stage 3) and ninety-two caregivers (38 in stage 1, 30 in stage 2 and 24) agreed to participate from two general hospitals in Seoul and Choongnam. No significant changes were found in the coping patterns according to the phases of illness in both groups. Patients in stage 2 and caregivers in stages 2 and 3 problem-focused coping methods were significantly used more than emotion-focused coping methods. Patients in stage 1 significantly used two coping strategies that were cognitive reconstruction and emotion expression more than caregivers. Patients in stage 2 significantly used emotion-focused coping methods including minimizing threat, blame, and emotion expression excepting wishful thinking more than caregivers. We need more research to identify the relationship between the coping methods and their efficiencies through longterm observation and attempt to develope the nursing interventions that could have an improvement on positive coping methods and provide guidance on the problems the patients experience.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 1996

This study attempts to discover ways to prevent and cope with stress m primary school students, Specific, ally, we wish to investigate the sources of stress and to identify the variance and frequency of coping methods which have been used by the subjects. After examining the school children's list of items about stress and coping strategies by on open structure method, subjects ranked the seventy of stressor's and frequency of a coping strategies by closed structure method. A survey was done of 720 students who were from the 4th to 6th grade in 4 primary schools in the Chonbuk area from April 1st to May 30th, 1995. The major results obtained from this study were the following. 1. The sources of stress bad were classified in 57 items Among the 57 items, 'were school records' 'illness of parents' 'death of family members' 'meetings with trouble makers' ranked high ranking in the stress ratings. 2. Severity of stress. the mean total stress scores were 186.4 with 285 as the highest score. 3. The kinds of coping with stress using were classified in 35 items, Among the 35 items, 'wandering and walking alone' 'mood getting out of the in any way' 'trying to forget the stressor' 'were among the highest scored. 4. Frequency of coping with stress: mean total stress coping scores were 67.9 with 140 as the highest score. 5. Difference m stress and coping strategies between sex, age, living district and religion groups were examined. 1) Significant variables influencing stress scoring were sex (t=-2,29, p<.001) and grade (F=6.33, p<.001). 2) Significant variables influencing stress coping practice were residence (t=1.94, p<.05), sex (t=-3.17, p<.002) and religion (F=5,95, p<.0001).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

This study not only investigates emergency medical personnel's posttraumatic stress(PTS), social support, work burden, and coping style but also identifies related factors which were exerted influence on PTS and active coping method of emergency medical personnels among the firefighters. The data were gathered from 143 emergency medical personnels who were receiving training. The data were collected by IES-R, consisting of twenty-two questions that determine the level of PTS, method used in Cho's research(2000) that deal with work burden, method used in Oh's article (2006) relating to social support, and sixty-two questions that deals with coping methods. Then the data gathered were analyzed using SPSSWIN 14.0 program. PTS of general characteristics showed significant difference in age, marriage status, education, and position. High risk group of PTS was 74(51.7%). Work burden, active and passive coping method, and three symptoms in PTS are significantly high(p=0.000) in high risk group. PTS was correlated with work burden(r=0.508, p=0.000), active coping method(r=0.375, p=0.000), and passive coping method(r=0.505, p=0.000) but not with social support. Related factors of PTS were work burden(0.371) and passive coping method(0.366). Also related factors of high risk group of PTS were work burden(odds ratio=1.064, 95% confidence interval:1.031-1.103) and passive coping(odds ratio=1.050, 95% confidence interval:1.022-1.080). Related factors of active coping method were PTS(0.392) and social support(0.158). To minimize the PTS of emergency medical personnels, the new policy should decrease their work burden and passive coping method and strengthen the social support to encourage active coping method.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2011

Purpose: This study investigated the degree of acculturation stress among North Korean Defectors and the coping method that they used to deal with it. Methods: Ninety-nine participants of this study were North Korean Defectors in Seoul and Daejeon. The tools of survey for this study were acculturation stress and stress-coping. Results: The score for acculturation stress among North Korean Defectors was $2.97{\pm}0.47$ which was a moderate level of stress. The score of problem-solving coping was $3.10{\pm}0.47$ and emotional coping got $2.85{\pm}0.52$. On acculturation stress, there were higher scores among people who were old-aged, married, low educational levels, dissatisfied with job, low monthly income, and living alone. On problem-solving coping, there were higher score among people who have jobs. Regarding emotional coping, there were higher score in people who have jobs, dissatisfaction with job, and living alone. The higher the problem-solving coping skill, the less the acculturation stress. Conclusion: Reducing of acculturation stress and increasing adaptation mechanism of North Korean Defectors are very important due to the results of this study. Therefore, adaptation programs like psycho-social counseling should be created for North Korean Defectors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the coping process that family caregivers experience during the process of care, to grasp coping behaviors used to solve problems and, finally, to develop a substantive theory by analyzing the coping process. Method: The methodology of collecting and analyzing data used in this study followed the ground theory of Strauss and Corbin(1998). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with open-ended and descriptive questions about the subjects' coping experiences, which were audio-taped and transcribed. The survey was conducted between February 2000 and February 2001. The subjects of this study were 17 women. Result: The result of the study is as follows. The coping process of family caregivers while taking care of the demented elderly was found to have six stages: problem recognition: undertaking care: struggling: mental control: burden mediation; and acceptance. These stages proceed with reciprocal action and in cycle. Conclusion: The result of this study is helpful for developing effective and individual nursing strategies suitable for each coping stage. It is necessary to develop an assessment tool that can judge caregivers' coping stage based on the result of this study. Moreover, we need continuous study to practice nursing mediation and to analyze the change about nursing effect and family members' adaptation.