• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 2024

This study empirically derives the factors affecting the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of venture firms in Korea from the perspective of Slack Resource Theory and the company's growth strategy, and provides implications for future expansion of venture firm's CSR activities. In Korea, venture firms have grown into important players in the national economy since the late 1990s through social contributions such as economic value creation, job creation, and technological development. As venture companies grow in status, positive relationships with stakeholders and responsibility for environmental and social values are required. Now, CSR is becoming an important strategic choice for SMEs and venture firms. However, until now, CSR-related academic research has mainly focused on large or listed corporations, and there is not much research on SMEs or venture firms. In particular, research on the factors that lead venture companies to make important business decisions of participating in CSR activities is not there yet. This study applied logistic multiple regression analysis using the '2023 Survey on Venture Firms' conducted by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups. As a result of this study, operating profit, which is an available resources of venture companies, and government support, which is a potential resource, have a positive impact on venture firms's CSR activities. Also, business relationships with large corporations and expectation for future cooperation also have a positive impact on CSR activities as the determinants. On the other hand, it was analyzed that in venture firms where ownership and management are not separated, the higher the CEO's shareholding ratio, the more negatively it affects CSR activities. This study contributes academically as the first empirical study on the determinants of CSR activities of venture firms in Korea and provides implications that government policy support and collaboration between large corporations and venture firms are important in order to expand CSR activities of venture firms.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.27-65
• /
• 2020

Many companies on information and communication technology make public their own developed AI technology, for example, Google's TensorFlow, Facebook's PyTorch, Microsoft's CNTK. By releasing deep learning open source software to the public, the relationship with the developer community and the artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem can be strengthened, and users can perform experiment, implementation and improvement of it. Accordingly, the field of machine learning is growing rapidly, and developers are using and reproducing various learning algorithms in each field. Although various analysis of open source software has been made, there is a lack of studies to help develop or use deep learning open source software in the industry. This study thus attempts to derive a strategy for adopting the framework through case studies of a deep learning open source framework. Based on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework and literature review related to the adoption of open source software, we employed the case study framework that includes technological factors as perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, perceived complexity, and perceived trialability, organizational factors as management support and knowledge & expertise, and environmental factors as availability of technology skills and services, and platform long term viability. We conducted a case study analysis of three companies' adoption cases (two cases of success and one case of failure) and revealed that seven out of eight TOE factors and several factors regarding company, team and resource are significant for the adoption of deep learning open source framework. By organizing the case study analysis results, we provided five important success factors for adopting deep learning framework: the knowledge and expertise of developers in the team, hardware (GPU) environment, data enterprise cooperation system, deep learning framework platform, deep learning framework work tool service. In order for an organization to successfully adopt a deep learning open source framework, at the stage of using the framework, first, the hardware (GPU) environment for AI R&D group must support the knowledge and expertise of the developers in the team. Second, it is necessary to support the use of deep learning frameworks by research developers through collecting and managing data inside and outside the company with a data enterprise cooperation system. Third, deep learning research expertise must be supplemented through cooperation with researchers from academic institutions such as universities and research institutes. Satisfying three procedures in the stage of using the deep learning framework, companies will increase the number of deep learning research developers, the ability to use the deep learning framework, and the support of GPU resource. In the proliferation stage of the deep learning framework, fourth, a company makes the deep learning framework platform that improves the research efficiency and effectiveness of the developers, for example, the optimization of the hardware (GPU) environment automatically. Fifth, the deep learning framework tool service team complements the developers' expertise through sharing the information of the external deep learning open source framework community to the in-house community and activating developer retraining and seminars. To implement the identified five success factors, a step-by-step enterprise procedure for adoption of the deep learning framework was proposed: defining the project problem, confirming whether the deep learning methodology is the right method, confirming whether the deep learning framework is the right tool, using the deep learning framework by the enterprise, spreading the framework of the enterprise. The first three steps (i.e. defining the project problem, confirming whether the deep learning methodology is the right method, and confirming whether the deep learning framework is the right tool) are pre-considerations to adopt a deep learning open source framework. After the three pre-considerations steps are clear, next two steps (i.e. using the deep learning framework by the enterprise and spreading the framework of the enterprise) can be processed. In the fourth step, the knowledge and expertise of developers in the team are important in addition to hardware (GPU) environment and data enterprise cooperation system. In final step, five important factors are realized for a successful adoption of the deep learning open source framework. This study provides strategic implications for companies adopting or using deep learning framework according to the needs of each industry and business.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.61-118
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this research is to construct research framework for international franchising based on existing literature and to identify research components in the framework. Franchise can be defined as management styles that allow franchisee use various management assets of franchisor in order to make or sell product or service. It can be divided into product distribution franchise that is designed to sell products and business format franchise that is designed for running it as business whatever its form is. International franchising can be defined as a way of internationalization of franchisor to foreign country by providing its business format or package to franchisee of host country. International franchising is growing fast for last four decades but academic research on this is quite limited. Especially in Korea, research about international franchising is carried out on by case study format with single case or empirical study format with survey based on domestic franchise theory. Therefore, this paper tries to review existing literature on international franchising research, providing research framework, and then stimulating new research on this field. International franchising research components include motives and environmental factors for decision of expanding to international franchising, entrance modes and development plan for international franchising, contracts and management strategy of international franchising, and various performance measures from different perspectives. First, motives of international franchising are fee collection from franchisee. Also it provides easier way to expanding to foreign country. The other motives including increase total sales volume, occupying better strategic position, getting quality resources, and improving efficiency. Environmental factors that facilitating international franchising encompasses economic condition, trend, and legal or political factors in host and/or home countries. In addition, control power and risk management capability of franchisor plays critical role in successful franchising contract. Final decision to enter foreign country via franchising is determined by numerous factors like history, size, growth, competitiveness, management system, bonding capability, industry characteristics of franchisor. After deciding to enter into foreign country, franchisor needs to set entrance modes of international franchising. Within contractual mode, there are master franchising and area developing franchising, licensing, direct franchising, and joint venture. Theories about entrance mode selection contain concepts of efficiency, knowledge-based approach, competence-based approach, agent theory, and governance cost. The next step after entrance decision is operation strategy. Operation strategy starts with selecting a target city and a target country for franchising. In order to finding, screening targets, franchisor needs to collect information about candidates. Critical information includes brand patent, commercial laws, regulations, market conditions, country risk, and industry analysis. After selecting a target city in target country, franchisor needs to select franchisee, in other word, partner. The first important criteria for selecting partners are financial credibility and capability, possession of real estate. And cultural similarity and knowledge about franchisor and/or home country are also recognized as critical criteria. The most important element in operating strategy is legal document between franchisor and franchisee with home and host countries. Terms and conditions in legal documents give objective information about characteristics of franchising agreement for academic research. Legal documents have definitions of terminology, territory and exclusivity, agreement of term, initial fee, continuing fees, clearing currency, and rights about sub-franchising. Also, legal documents could have terms about softer elements like training program and operation manual. And harder elements like law competent court and terms of expiration. Next element in operating strategy is about product and service. Especially for business format franchising, product/service deliverable, benefit communicators, system identifiers (architectural features), and format facilitators are listed for product/service strategic elements. Another important decision on product/service is standardization vs. customization. The rationale behind standardization is cost reduction, efficiency, consistency, image congruence, brand awareness, and competitiveness on price. Also standardization enables large scale R&D and innovative change in management style. Another element in operating strategy is control management. The simple way to control franchise contract is relying on legal terms, contractual control system. There are other control systems, administrative control system and ethical control system. Contractual control system is a coercive source of power, but franchisor usually doesn't want to use legal power since it doesn't help to build up positive relationship. Instead, self-regulation is widely used. Administrative control system uses control mechanism from ordinary work relationship. Its main component is supporting activities to franchisee and communication method. For example, franchisor provides advertising, training, manual, and delivery, then franchisee follows franchisor's direction. Another component is building franchisor's brand power. The last research element is performance factor of international franchising. Performance elements can be divided into franchisor's performance and franchisee's performance. The conceptual performance measures of franchisor are simple but not easy to obtain objectively. They are profit, sale, cost, experience, and brand power. The performance measures of franchisee are mostly about benefits of host country. They contain small business development, promotion of employment, introduction of new business model, and level up technology status. There are indirect benefits, like increase of tax, refinement of corporate citizenship, regional economic clustering, and improvement of international balance. In addition to those, host country gets socio-cultural change other than economic effects. It includes demographic change, social trend, customer value change, social communication, and social globalization. Sometimes it is called as westernization or McDonaldization of society. In addition, the paper reviews on theories that have been frequently applied to international franchising research, such as agent theory, resource-based view, transaction cost theory, organizational learning theory, and international expansion theories. Resource based theory is used in strategic decision based on resources, like decision about entrance and cooperation depending on resources of franchisee and franchisor. Transaction cost theory can be applied in determination of mutual trust or satisfaction of franchising players. Agent theory tries to explain strategic decision for reducing problem caused by utilizing agent, for example research on control system in franchising agreements. Organizational Learning theory is relatively new in franchising research. It assumes organization tries to maximize performance and learning of organization. In addition, Internalization theory advocates strategic decision of direct investment for removing inefficiency of market transaction and is applied in research on terms of contract. And oligopolistic competition theory is used to explain various entry modes for international expansion. Competency theory support strategic decision of utilizing key competitive advantage. Furthermore, research methodologies including qualitative and quantitative methodologies are suggested for more rigorous international franchising research. Quantitative research needs more real data other than survey data which is usually respondent's judgment. In order to verify theory more rigorously, research based on real data is essential. However, real quantitative data is quite hard to get. The qualitative research other than single case study is also highly recommended. Since international franchising has limited number of applications, scientific research based on grounded theory and ethnography study can be used. Scientific case study is differentiated with single case study on its data collection method and analysis method. The key concept is triangulation in measurement, logical coding and comparison. Finally, it provides overall research direction for international franchising after summarizing research trend in Korea. International franchising research in Korea has two different types, one is for studying Korean franchisor going overseas and the other is for Korean franchisee of foreign franchisor. Among research on Korean franchisor, two common patterns are observed. First of all, they usually deal with success story of one franchisor. The other common pattern is that they focus on same industry and country. Therefore, international franchise research needs to extend their focus to broader subjects with scientific research methodology as well as development of new theory.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.81-112
• /
• 2016

About 60 percent of cosmetic products sold in the dominant Taobao internet shopping mall proved recently to be counterfeit products made in China. This paper is to investigate the anti-counterfeiting strategies to clean up fake goods for Korean cosmetics which have been exported to China. Using the scienter rule the paper classified the forgery action for Korean cosmetics into four broad groups - counterfeit, piracy, illegally distributed product, and brand prior register. This paper suggested interior company's anti-counterfeiting strategies for each group, focusing on the construction for an integrated anti-counterfeiting system including consumer's rationality through the government cooperation between Korea and China.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.173-183
• /
• 2018

In this study, we tried to examine the effect of service quality on the current industrial product B2B trading market on the degree of sustainable purchase for employees engaged in industrial product B2B trading market. We gathered data from questionnaires from employees who worked in the industrial product B2B trading market for this research. Empirical analysis is carried out through the collected questionnaire materials and finally the research model is finally verified using reliability analysis, validity analysis, discrimination validity analysis, and structural equation model fitness test, and finally Analysis of differences between cooperating companies and vendor, analysis of differences between companies engaged in purchasing industrial materials and developers. The results of the research analysis did not positively influence the quality of the relationship with relativity satisfaction with ease of information exchange and adaptability did not have a positive influence on the quality of the relationship. However, product service exchange, product development cooperation, adaptability, correspondence, reliability had a positive influence on the quality of relationship with relation satisfaction. Relationship of parameters The satisfaction has a positive influence on the quality of the relationship, the degree of sustainable purchase, and eventually the quality of the relationship has a positive influence on each successive purchase. By using the results of this research it is possible to confirm the factors which directly or indirectly influence the strengthening of the relationship between suppliers and purchasers in the industrial material B2B trading market and provide the basis for strategy to B2B trading companies It seems to be meaningful to offer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.411-418
• /
• 2016

This study presented a mediation strategy of admittance quota of four year and three year colleges raising radiology technicians by investigating the demand and supply related literature for Radiological Technologists, a type of health and medical services personnel. Oh Yeong-ho et al.'s study on mid and long term supply system for health and medical services personnel resources, excess supply of 1,134~2,052 Radiological Technologists in 2015 was predicted and excess supply of 12,632~14,196 Radiological Technologists are to be expected in 2030. To settle excess supply of Radiological Technologists, Supernumerary quota over the entrance students of institutions raising Radiological Technologists should be less than 5% to reduce applicants for Radiological Technologists to be 308 people, reduce 387 applicants for radiology technicians every year by unifying three year colleges raising Radiological Technologists with four year colleges into education period unification, evaluate education conditions of colleges to restrict those colleges lacking the minimum requirements from getting eligibility for take the examination for Radiological Technologists by establishing tentatively 'Korean Institute of Radiologic Education and Evaluation.' For this, it is necessary to obtain cooperation from health and medical services personnel organizations in pertinent fields as well as related organizations of Radiological Technologists.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.786-819
• /
• 2014

Emphasizing the importance of R&D as a source of open innovation, Korean government is developing various programs focused on technology commercialization and is expanding investment on it. In spite of those efforts, technology commercialization is not vitalized yet due to the lack of demand for technology transfer, R&D planning scheme without considering market, immaturity of technology market, and so on. This study aims to suggest the business ecosystem model so that technology commercialization could be facilitated based on business ecosystem perspective. We set the framework for modeling a business ecosystem through reviewing the previous works, and draw several problems to be solved regarding public R&D commercialization in Korea from the perspective of ecosystem. Considering those, this research proposes the business ecosystem model for public R&D commercialization as a reference model for describing, discussing, and developing the technology commercialization strategy. The proposed model consists of 4 domains as follows: R&D, technology market, information distribution channels, and customers. The business ecosystem model shows that technology commercialization could be facilitated to create the market value through close relationship and organic cooperation among its members that form the ecosystem. Public research institutes as a keystone player could control the fate of the ecosystem. In this regard, this paper suggests roles of public research institutes for evolving the business ecosystem.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.536-548
• /
• 2018

Public data has been transformed from provider-oriented information disclosure to a form of personalized information sharing centered on individual citizens since government 3.0. As a result, the government is implementing policies and projects to maximize the value of public data and increase reuse. This study analyzes the issues related to public data in the news and seeks the status of government agencies and government projects by issue. We conducted semantic analysis on domestic online news and public agency bidding information including public data and conducted the work of linking major key words derived with social and economic values inherent in public data. As a result, major issues related to public data were divided into broader access to public data, growth of new technology, cooperation and conflict among stakeholders, and utilization of the private sector, which were closely related to transparency, efficiency, participation, and innovation mechanisms. Also major agencies of four issues include the Ministry of Strategy and Finance and Seoul, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and Gyeonggi-do, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and Incheon, and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Gyeongsangbuk-do. Most of the issues are being led by the government.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.12
• /
• pp.699-709
• /
• 2009

The most important property for coming up to the global change and leading the knowledge-based future is human resources who has capacity to make a high value-added knowledge. For whom teaching knowledge and experiences related to the managing medical organization, it is very important and significant to make efforts to reflect educational goal, contents and teaching methods satisfying the new era's demands in the curriculum quickly. To develop a hospital management curriculum which is receptive to the change of medical industry and educational circumstances, analysing syllabuses of 19 departments of the year 2007 and surveying of professors, students and persons in charges of hospital administration are used. The syllabuses of 19 departments of 22 colleges were opened for this study. The medical record and other subjects take the most part of curriculums, while the number of subjects related to management or administrational practice are relatively small. The short of these subjects are obstacles to cultivate capacity and quality of students medical organizations look for. As the result of satisfaction measurement, hospital-management professors gave 3.41 points, students gave 3.29 points to the current curriculum and administrators who has been experienced to employ graduates majored in medical management gave 3.06 points.(5 points = full mark) Alternative ways are suggested to complement these problems as below: Strengthening and deepening study such subjects as strategy planning, management, marketing, managing medical disputes, quality improvement, PR, advertisement; changing informations and establishing cooperative programs between school and industry.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2013

This study, through the domestic literature research and the success stories of restaurant business, derived the success factors, the impact of these factors on the management performance was carried out through a survey for the establishment of Foodservice Business empirical research. First, according to the result that analyze effect that founder special quality factor gets in management result, was expose that a social technology causes effect that keep in mind in net profit growth rate and customer rate of increment and result that establishment readiness keeps in mind in net profit growth rate, customer rate of increment and seat turnover rate was confirmed. Second, in operation management factor accessibility in customer rate of increment and seat turnover rate, facilities in seat turnover rate, service capacity in net profit growth rate and customer rate of increment and seat turnover rate, promotion activity was confirmed that keep in mind each in customer rate of increment. Third, the effect that quality directivity gets in management result in occasion of establishment restaurant business in goods factor was confirmed that do not keep in mind statistically. Therefore, this study, by presenting the factors for establishment of restaurant business, may contribute to the success strategy establishment of the establishment restaurant business preparator and existing restaurant businessmen.