• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2000

Life table experiments were performed in order to examine the effects of food quality on Moina macrocopa fed with four kinds of algal foods, Botryococcus sp., Scenedesmus subspicatus, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Chlorella sp., at $20^{\circ}C$ . The temperature effects on M. macrocopa were also assessed, feeding Chlorella at $17^{\circ}C$,$20^{\circ}C$,$25^{\circ}C$, and a combination of $28^{\circ}C$ (light) and $25^{\circ}C$ (dark). The cartilaginous Botryococcs cells were Inappropriate food for Moina. Among the foods tested, Chlorella was the food of the best quality in all accounts of life history traits. Moina grown on Chlorella showed higher net reproductive rate ($R_0$), longer mean and maximum longevities, earlier mean age at maturity, longer mean carapace length at maturity, larger mean clutch size, and shorter mean time interval between clutch productions than those grown on Selenastrum and Scenedesmus. An optimal temperature for Moina was $20^{\circ}C$ . When Moina were grown on Chlorella at $20^{\circ}C$, they showed the highest r, the highest $R_0$, the shortest T, the longest mean longevity, the earliest mean age at maturity, the longest mean carapace length at maturity, and the largest mean clutch size. The results of life table experiments showed that the individual and population growth patterns were much more affected by low temperature $17^{\circ}C$, than by high temperature ($\geq 20^{\circ}C$). In the optimal condition, the r value was very high, 5.1 in $d^{-1}$. In conclusion, the food quality and the temperature are the most important factors to govern the size and continuity of Moina population, by which the individual growth rates and reproductivity of members in the population can be controlled to survive in their environment such as small and temporary water bodies in nature.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.567-578
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• 2021

In this study, the physicochemical properties of 21 wall fragments and rooftile pieces excavated from Jeseoksa Dump-site were analyzed, and the possibility of heat exposure, such as the fire reported in the literature, was investigated by estimating the firing temperature. From the results, it was estimated that the rooftiles were composed of refined materials, and the walls were composed of materials having different particle sizes depending on the layer. Unlike ordinary rooftiles and walls, they exhibited an uneven surface with traces of bloating phenomenon in the cross section. It was estimated from the blackening of some portions that firing was not performed in a controlled state in a constant firing environment. In addition, the estimated firing temperature showed that the non-overfired rooftiles had endured a firing temperature of 900℃ or less, but the over-fired samples were subjected to a temperature of 1,000℃ or higher and were fired at a temperature higher than the manufacturing temperature at that time. Additionally, the rooftiles probably became defective during firing or molding at the time of production, but the non-overfired rooftiles exhibited an intact shape and showed the possibility of heat exposure due to fire. Therefore, the analytical results of this study confirm that the defective architectural components damaged by the fire, as reported in the literature, were discarded in the Jeseoksa dump-site.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.763-774
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• 2019

A collaborative system supports collaboration among participants by providing functions such as group composition and management of data shared for collaboration. In recent years, research on collaborative services based on the blockchain technology has been done to guarantee the reliability of collaboration processes and outcomes. The diversity of the application domains in which collaborations are performed and the various characteristics of the participants in the collaboration group naturally leads to various forms of collaborative processes. In order for these processes to produce the desired outcome of the collaborative efforts, it is desirable to specify the appropriate collaborative process in advance, so that the participants can understand and agree on the process, carrying out the collaboration. In this paper, we propose a method to control flexible collaborative processes according to workflow specifications in the Ethereum-based collaborative service environment. The specification of the workflow for the designated task is stored in the Ethereum smart contract and the process of performing the task is controlled according to the stored workflow specification. For this, we introduce JSFlow which is a simple workflow specification method using JSON and an Ethereum library to utilize it.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.591-604
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• 2020

The objectives of this study were to find out the best condition of extracting methods of limonene from citron and to determine effects of limonene on immune modulation activity by measuring cytokine secretion using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. When distilled water was used as a solvent instead of organic solvents to extract limonene from citron, addition of refluxing process to simultaneous steam distillation extraction method was found to be much effective in extracting limonene. However, it required longer extraction time than using other organic solvents. Limonene extracts showed increased IL-β and IL-6 but decreased the TNF-α gene expression in limonene concentration dependant manner. However oral administration of limonene extracts to mice did not influence significantly compared to control in in vivo experiment. It might be due to that the mice were kept in well controlled and complete environment. Limonene, a natural material from citron has been approved to have a immune-modulation activity in the present study and have a potential as a feed additive that is environmentally friendly and no harmful. Further study with protected limonene, for example, for the protection of limonene from oxidation or bypass the ruminal degradation in order consequently to increase immune-modulation activity might be useful as a further research.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.496-501
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• 2009

In order to promote the efficiency of strawberry breeding programs, pollen viability of strawberry, 'Seolhyang' was investigated using the fluorochromatic reaction test and seed set under controlled environment. Pistil receptivity was also assessed by hand pollination. Four varieties including 'Maehyang' were used for the test of pistil receptivity with 'Seolhyang' as a pollen parent. Pollen viability remained high for several days under dry conditions as below 33% relative humidity while the greatest loss of viability occurred at 76% relative humidity. The viability was rapidly decreased at high humidity and almost all grains were unviable in 7 days after storage. Pollen viability does not appear to be drastically reduced if the relative humidity is low. Therefore, humidity is more important factor than temperature for the pollen viability in Fragaria${\times}$ananassa. The rate of seed set by hand pollination lasted higher than the average of 77.2% from 2 to 8 days after emasculation when the daily average temperature was around $15^{\circ}C$ in plastic house. It began to decline gradually from 10 days and had decreased dramatically after 12 days except several cultivars. Based on the daily mean accumulated temperature, it is recommended to have an artificial pollination between the range of $45{\sim}140^{\circ}C$ after the emasculation to increase the rate of seed set in strawberry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.587-591
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• 2019

Fine dust aerated in the atomsphere penetrates our lungs and blood lines through respiratory. Recent fine dust problems in Korea leads to development of various air purifiers. The researchers used this to study systems that could replace chemical filters. In order to compare the effect of the reduction of moss and conventional chemical filter(Hepa), a 1 cubic meter cube was prepared and the amount of the concentration of fine dust reduction was compared under controlled environment. Under the high concentration of fine dust, a test was done to figure out the reduction rate of the fine dust concentration by using air purification system with moss, hepa, and no filter. The air purification system(moss, hepa, and no filter) were operated 90 times in total, 30 times each. The test explains that the reduction of the fine dust amount and the rate of fine dust concentration. The results illustrate that the reduction of the amount fine dust was 138.93 after using air purification system with moss filter. In contrast, the usage of air purification system with hepa filter reduced the amount of fine dust to 76.57. And the air purification with no filter shows that the slight reduction of fine dust amount at 0.10. In the rate of fine dust concentration, moss filter was significantly higher than that of hepa, no filter (0.2379, 0.1298 and 0.0063 each). The results have confirmed that moss is effective in reducing fine dust concentration, and it is expected that with further improvement it can be used as a means to replace or supplement existing chemical filters in air purifier.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.56
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• pp.81-112
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• 2018

Government publications at public institutions are data that are intended to convey the purpose of an institution or the performance of its business to the public or inside the institution. The management of government publications has become increasingly important under the framework of laws and systems, but matters concerning the nature and value of government publications have not been carried out at records management sites. The Act focused on the archives of the six metropolitan government, and presented issues and improvement measures for efficient management of government publications. To that end, the government should maintain a consistent payment system for publications. As payment method and payment book data in government publications are presented differently by law, a system for integrated management should be established to provide brief information and original information. Second, it is necessary to establish an administrative system that meets the storage environment. The publication registration and payment book system presented by the government's publication guidelines is the central system of the National Archives and Records Service, so it is not an efficient system in the agency archives. Third, support should be provided to recognize the value of government publications and to preserve and manage them in the long term. To dispose of the government publications, a realistic classification method, integrated and controlled program should be presented, and criteria for users using the service should be provided. Fourth, it is the establishment of an integrated management system for government publications. The National Archives Service, the National Central Library, and the National Assembly Library should simultaneously build an abstract of information and original information so that they can be managed systematically and efficiently.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Agrocybe cylindracea was cultured in a bag, in which sawdust culture medium (1 kg) is put in a plastic bag (PE), with poplar sawdust, rice bran, wheat bran, and dried bean curd refuse in the ratio of 70:10:10:10 (v/v). 2% of the culture medium was inoculated with the liquid starter of Agrocybe cylindracea, and this was incubated at $25^{\circ}C$. After incubation, the A. cylindracea was further cultured by cutting the top vinyl portion of the bag down to the level of the culture medium surface of the first inoculation part. The cut culture medium was placed in a growth room at $25^{\circ}C$, and pin-heading was induced under light irradiation at 99% humidity and 1,000 ppm $CO_$ level for 3days. When the grow the environment was controlled at 95% humidity and $21^{\circ}C$, the bending of the stem was less as compared to that when the cap of the bag had been removed. The number of effective fruiting bodies per bag increased by 140% (28.8), the quantity per bag increased by 29.5%, and 148.5 g A. cylindracea could be potentially harvested.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.26-39
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• 2017

Natural monument system was originally developed as an environmental movement and introduced in Korea during Japanese Colonization. Korea, Japan and Germany are the countries that have the natural monument systems. They are controlled by the Cultural Properties Protection Law in Korea and Japan but by the law of the protection of natural environment in Germany. For that reason the progress of the law and policy directions are similar between Japan and Korea. The natural monument system of Korea has been in use since 1930s, but the values and conditions of natural monument systems have changed over time. In terms of contents, these days cultural identity involved are getting more important than the natural scenic and ecological values, or rarity of plants. Also it's a trend to expand the preserved area around cultural properties which have been preserved on individual basis before. Finally it is necessary to discover and manage the registered cultural properties as potential designated cultural properties by creating the registration standard for natural heritage.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2019

Background: This research aims to study the effect of climate change on the phenology, growth, and physiological traits of Silene capitata Kom., a Korean endangered species II. This study increased $CO_2$ concentration in a closed glass greenhouse, with the daily mean temperature and $CO_2$ concentration respectively being $4.61^{\circ}C$ and 93.63 ppm higher than the outside temperature (ambient conditions, control). The seeds of S. capitata were sown in control and treatment environments in March 2013 while seedlings were transplanted into individual pots in May 2013. To research phenological changes, the first day of the flowering and ripening of the plants transplanted in 2013 and first day of leafing in 2014 were observed. The growth and physiological responses of mature leaves were also studied in 2013. Results: There was no difference in the first day of flowering, but the first day of ripening was earlier in the treatment group than the control group. There was no difference in the number of rosette leaves between the two groups, but leaf area was wider in the treatment group than the control group. Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were higher in the treatment group than the control group, chlorophyll content decreased, and photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were the same for both groups. As a result of simple regression analysis among the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency, stomatal conductance increased when transpiration rate increased. Stomatal conductance increased with photosynthetic rate in the control unlike in the treatment group. The photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency increased with transpiration rate in the control group unlike in the treatment group. Furthermore, water use efficiency increased as photosynthetic rate increased in both groups. Conclusion: Due to high $CO_2$ concentration, the photosynthetic rate was no longer controlled by the stomata, which appeared to suppress the excessive production of photosynthetic products by reducing chlorophyll content. It is believed that the phenological responses of S. capitata under climate change conditions will advance and that stable growth will be difficult in regions lacking moisture due to the high transpiration rate.