Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
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Scientific Analysis of Firing Characteristics for Walls and Rooftiles Excavated from Jeseoksa Dump-site, Iksan

익산 제석사지 폐기유적 벽체 및 기와의 피열특성

  • Ahn, Kyoung Suk (Department of Heritage Conservation and Restoration, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Min Hye (Department of Heritage Conservation and Restoration, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Han, Min Su (Department of Heritage Conservation and Restoration, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 안경숙 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과) ;
  • 이민혜 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과) ;
  • 한민수 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과)
  • Received : 2021.09.23
  • Accepted : 2021.10.12
  • Published : 2021.10.20
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Abstract

In this study, the physicochemical properties of 21 wall fragments and rooftile pieces excavated from Jeseoksa Dump-site were analyzed, and the possibility of heat exposure, such as the fire reported in the literature, was investigated by estimating the firing temperature. From the results, it was estimated that the rooftiles were composed of refined materials, and the walls were composed of materials having different particle sizes depending on the layer. Unlike ordinary rooftiles and walls, they exhibited an uneven surface with traces of bloating phenomenon in the cross section. It was estimated from the blackening of some portions that firing was not performed in a controlled state in a constant firing environment. In addition, the estimated firing temperature showed that the non-overfired rooftiles had endured a firing temperature of 900℃ or less, but the over-fired samples were subjected to a temperature of 1,000℃ or higher and were fired at a temperature higher than the manufacturing temperature at that time. Additionally, the rooftiles probably became defective during firing or molding at the time of production, but the non-overfired rooftiles exhibited an intact shape and showed the possibility of heat exposure due to fire. Therefore, the analytical results of this study confirm that the defective architectural components damaged by the fire, as reported in the literature, were discarded in the Jeseoksa dump-site.

본 연구는 제석사지 폐기유적에서 출토된 벽체 및 기와 편 21점의 물리화학적 특성을 확인하고, 소성 온도를 추정함으로써 문헌 기록상으로 확인되는 화재로 인한 피열 가능성을 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 기와는 수비된 재료를 사용하였고, 벽체는 층위에 따라 서로 다른 입도의 재료를 사용하여 제작한 것으로 추정된다. 과소성된 시료의 경우, 일반적인 기와나 벽체와 달리 단면에 블로팅(bloating) 현상과 함께 고르지 못한 표면을 가지며, 일부분이 검게 그을린 것을 보아 일정한 소성 환경에서 제어된 상태로 고른 소성이 이루어지지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 또한 소성온도 추정 결과, 과소성되지 않은 기와는 900℃ 이하의 소성온도를 가졌으나 과소성된 시료는 1000℃ 이상의 열을 받았던 것으로 보이며, 당시 기와의 제작 온도보다 고온으로 소성되었음 보여준다. 또한, 불량품기와는 제작 당시 소성이나 성형 과정에서 불량품이 된 것으로 보이지만 과소성된 기와의 경우에 온전한 기와 형태를 가지면서 과피열 양상을 보여 화재로 인한 피열 가능성을 보여준다. 이러한 결과들을 종합적으로 고찰하였을 때, 익산 제석사지 폐기유적은 기록상 존재하는 화재로 인해 폐기된 건축 부재를 보관하던 장소였던 것으로 추정된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 국립부여문화재연구소의 책임운영기관 연구과제 『백제 고도 익산지구 운영체계연구(NRICH-1905-A20F-1)』의 지원으로 진행되었으며, 2019년도 『제석사지 폐기유적 발굴조사보고서』에 수록된 저자의 「익산 제석사지 폐기유적 출토 벽체 및 기와의 소성 온도 분석」 보고서를 바탕으로 추가 분석하여 심층 해석한 내용임을 밝힌다.

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