Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.11625/KJOA.2020.28.4.591

Studies on Efficient Extraction of Limonene from Citron and Immune-modulation Activity for Development of Environmentally Friendly Material  

Ahn, Jong-Ho (한경대학교 동물생명융합학부 생물산업응용전공)
Lim, Hyun-Hee (수원축산농협 안산연합사료)
Hwang, Seong-Gu (한경대학교 동물생명융합학부 동물자원과학전공)
Nam, In-Sik (한경대학교 동물생명융합학부 생물산업응용전공, 고품질농축산생산기술연구 센터)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture / v.28, no.4, 2020 , pp. 591-604 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to find out the best condition of extracting methods of limonene from citron and to determine effects of limonene on immune modulation activity by measuring cytokine secretion using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. When distilled water was used as a solvent instead of organic solvents to extract limonene from citron, addition of refluxing process to simultaneous steam distillation extraction method was found to be much effective in extracting limonene. However, it required longer extraction time than using other organic solvents. Limonene extracts showed increased IL-β and IL-6 but decreased the TNF-α gene expression in limonene concentration dependant manner. However oral administration of limonene extracts to mice did not influence significantly compared to control in in vivo experiment. It might be due to that the mice were kept in well controlled and complete environment. Limonene, a natural material from citron has been approved to have a immune-modulation activity in the present study and have a potential as a feed additive that is environmentally friendly and no harmful. Further study with protected limonene, for example, for the protection of limonene from oxidation or bypass the ruminal degradation in order consequently to increase immune-modulation activity might be useful as a further research.
Keywords
environmentally friendly; immune modulation; limonene; mouse;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 He, D. Y. and S. M. Dai. 2011. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of paeonia lactiflora pall., a traditional chinese herbal medicine. Front Pharmacol. 2: 1-5.
2 Hovi, M., A. Sundrum, and S. M. Thamsborg. 2003. Animal health and welfare in organic livestock production in Europe: current state and future challenges. Livest. Prod. Sci. 80: 41-53.
3 Jing, L., Y. Zhang, S. Fan, M. Gu, Y. Gu, X. Lu, C. Huang, and Z. Zhou. 2013. Preventive and ameliorating effects of citrus D-limonene on dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in mice with high-fatdiet-induced obesity. Euro. J. Pharmacol. 715: 46-55.
4 Kesterson, J. W., R. Hendrickson, and R. J. Braddock. 1971. Florida citrus oil. Technical Bulletin 749, University of Florida. pp. 3-174.
5 Kusunose, H. and M. Sawamura. 1980. Aroma constituents of some sour citrus oils. J. Food Sci. Tech. 27: 517-523.
6 Nam, I. S., P. C. Garnsworthy, and J. H. Ahn. 2006. Supplementation of essential oil extracted from citrus peel to animal feeds decreases microbial activity and aflatoxin contamination without disrupting in vitro ruminal fermentation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 11: 1617-1622.
7 Ohta, H. and Y. Osajima. 1983. Glass capillary gas chromatographic analysis of oil components extracted from (Citrus junos) juice. J. Chrom. 268: 336-340.
8 Platis, D. P., C. D. Anagnostopoulos, A. D. Tsaboula, G. C. Menexes, K. L. Kalburtji, and A. P. Mamolos. 2019. Energy analysis, and carbon and water footprint for environmentally friendly farming practices in agroecosystem and agroforestry. Sustain. 11: 1-8.
9 Shinoda, N., M. Shiga, and K. Nishimura. 1970. Constituents of yuzu (Citrus Junos) oil. Agri. Bio. Chem. 34: 234-239.
10 SAS. 2001. SAS/STAT® Software for PC. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
11 Vigushin, D. M., G. K. Poon, A. Boddy, J. English, G. W. Halbert, C. Pagonis, M. Jarman, and R. C Coombes. 1998. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of D-limonene in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Research Campaign Phase I/II Clinical Trials Committee. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 42: 111-7.
12 Yoon, W. J., N. H. Lee, and C. G. Hyun. 2010. Limonene suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J. Oleo Sci. 59: 415-421.
13 Caccioni, D. R. L., S. G. Deans, and G. Ruberto. 1995. Inhibitory effect of citrus oil components on Penicilliumitalicum and P. digitatum. Petria 5: 177-182.
14 Roberto, D., P. Micucci, T. Sebastian, F. Graciela, and C. Anesini. 2009. Antioxidant activity of limonene on normal murine lymphocytes: relation to H2O2 modulation and cell proliferation. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 106: 38-44.
15 Nam, I. S. 2001. Development of feed additives using natural antibiotic material of citrus junos produced in Korea. A thesis for a Master degree, Hankyong National University, Korea.
16 Deans, S. G. 1991. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of essential (volatile) oils. In: Linskens, H. F., Jackson, J. F. (Eds.), Modern Methods of Plant Analysis. New series, Vol. 12, Essential Oils and Waxes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 310-320.
17 Boubaker, H., H. Karim, F. Msanda, E. H. Boudyach, and A. B. Aoumar. 2019. Study of essential oil composition and antifungal activity of Lavandual mairei, L. dentata and Tetraclinis articulata. J. Appl. Sci. 19: 544-550.
18 Caccioni, D. R. L. and M. Guizzardi. 1994. Inhibition of germination and growth of fruit and vegetable post-harvest pathogenic fungi by essential oil components. J. Essen. Oil Res. 6: 173-179.
19 Crowell, P. L., S. Lin, and M. N. Vedejs. 1992. Identification of metabolites of the antitumor agent d-limonene capable of inhibiting protein isoprenylation and cell growth. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 31: 205-12.
20 Araujo, A. C. J., P. R. Freitas, C. R S. Barbosa, D. F. Muniz, J. E. Rocha, A. C. A. Silva, C. D. M. Oliveira-Tintino, J. R. Filho, L. E. Silva, C. Confortin, W Amaral, C. Deschamps, J. M. Barbosa-Filho, N. T. R. Lima, S. R. Tintino, and H. D. M. Coutinho. 2020. GC-MS-FID characterization and antibacterial activity of the mikaniacordifolia essential oil and limonene against MDR strains. Food Chem. Toxicol. 136: 1-4.
21 Elakovich, S. D. 1988. Terpenoids as models for new agrochemicals. In: Cutler, H.G. (Ed.), Biologically active natural products-potential use in agriculture. American Chemical Society, Symposium Series 380, Washington D.C. pp. 250-261.
22 French, R. C. 1985. The bio-regulatory action of flavor components on fungal spores and other propgules. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 23: 173-199.
23 Gomes, J., J. Barbosa, and P. Teixeira. 2019. Natural antimicrobial agents as an alternative to chemical antimicrobial in the safety and preservation of food products. Curr. Chem. Biol. 13: 25-37.
24 Doughari, J. H. and M. J. Bazza. 2020. Phytochemistry, GC-MS analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of limonene isolated from pericarp of citrus syneresis. Int. J. Microb. Biotech. 5: 22-27.
25 Sotomayor, M. A., J. K. Reyes, L. Restrepo, C. Diminguez-Borbor, M. Maldonado, and B. Bayot. 2019. Efficacy assessment of commercially available natural products and antibiotic, commonly used for mitigation of pathogenic Vibrio outbreaks in Ecuadorian Penaeus (Litipenaeus) vannamei hacheries. PLOS. 30: 1-19.