• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of nurses' awareness of healthcare accreditation on their job stress and turnover intention. Methods: Across-sectional correlation study design was used. Participants consisted of 143 nurses from two tertiary hospitals in Seoul and Gyunggido, South Korea. Data were collected in October 2016 using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, an ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression in SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: Awareness of health care accreditation correlated negatively with job stress (r=-.63, p<.001) and turn over intention (r=-.50, p<.001). Awareness of health care accreditation was the factor that most influenced job stress, explaining 38% of the variance (F=23.10, p<.001). Awareness of health care accreditation and duty pattern were the factors that most influenced intention to leave, explaining 32% of the variance (F=10.35, p<.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest raising nurses' awareness of certification systems to reduce their job stress and turnover intentions. It will be necessary to provide support for the aggressive work nurses do and improve their work structure, highlighting the need for both manpower and institutional support. Accordingly, providing regular education programs and appropriate compensation schemes, by raising nurses' awareness of medical institutions' certification systems, is necessary.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.122-122
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• 2017

Recently, environmental problems have become an area of growing interests. In-situ monitoring of water quality is fundamental to most environmental applications. The accurate measurement of nitrate concentrations is fundamental to understanding biogeochemistry in aquatic ecosystems. Several studies have reported that one of the most feasible methods to measure nitrate concentration is the use of Ion Selective-electrodes (ISEs). The ISE application to water monitoring has several advantages, such as direct measurement methodology, high sensitivity, wide measurement range, low cost, and portability. However, the ISE methods may yield inconsistent results where there was a difference in temperature between the calibration and measurement solutions, which is associated with the temperature dependence of ionic activity coefficients in solution. In this study, to investigate the potential of using the combination of a temperature sensor and nitrate ISEs for minimizing the effect of temperature on real-time nitrate sensing in natural water, a prototype of on-site water monitoring system was built, mainly consisting of a sensor chamber, an array of 3 ISEs, an waterproof temperature sensor, an automatic sampling system, and an arduino MCU board. The analog signals of ISEs were obtained using the second-order Sallen-key filter for performing voltage following, differential amplification, and low pass filtering. The performance test of the developed water nitrate sensing system was conducted in a monitoring station of drinking water located in Jeongseon, Kangwon. A temperature compensation method based on two-point normalization was proposed, which incorporated the determination of temperature coefficient values using regression equations relating solution temperature and electrode signal determined in our previous studies.

• 센서학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2004

Functional residual capacity (FRC) is an important diagnostic parameter measured using $N_{2}$ analyzer. Since $N_{2}$ analyzer is expensive as well as cumbersome for use of noisy vacuum pump, the FRC measurement becomes possible only in large well-equipped hospitals. The present study introduced a new $TN_{2}$ wash-out technique to measure FRC by $O_{2}/CO_{2}$ analysis, which is relatively cheaper and much simpler to apply. Slower $O_{2}$ response was compensated for high frequency to be coincided with $CO_{2}$ response, thereby enabled indirect, but accurate $N_{2}$ concentration measurement. FRC was estimated by continuous integration of expired $N_{2}$ volume obtained with air flow signal. Experiment with 3 L syringe, a standard calibration device recommended by the American Thoracic Society, demonstrated less than 1% error at 0, 1, and 2 L. Correlation coefficient was almost ideal, guaranteeing linear estimation of FRC. The present technique is inexpensive and simple to apply, thus should he of great convenience.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2011

The effects of $Dy_2O_3$ and $Er_2O_3$ co-doping on electrical properties and temperature stability of barium titanate ($BaTiO_3$) ceramics were investigated in terms of microstructure and structural analysis. The dielectric constant and the insulation resistance (IR) of 0.7 mol% $Dy_2O_3$ and 0.3 mol% $Er_2O_3$ co-doped dielectrics had about 60% and 20% higher than the values of undoped one, respectively, and the temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) met the X7R specification. The addition of $Dy_2O_3$ contributed to electrical properties caused by increase of tetragonality; however, preferential diffusion of $Dy^{3+}$ ions toward A site in $BaTiO_3$ grain exhibited an adverse effect on temperature stability by grain growth. On the other hand, The $Er_2O_3$ addition in $BaTiO_3$ could affect the TCC behavior and the IR with suppression of grain growth caused by reinforcement of grain boundary and electrical compensation. Therefore, the enhanced electrical properties and temperature stability through the co-doping could be deduced from the increase of tetragonality and the suppression of grain growth.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-47
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of interpersonal relationship ability, job stress, and stress coping type on the turnover intention of nurses in the early stage of their careers. Methods: Data were collected from 136 early stage nurses from two general hospitals and one tertiary hospital in Chungbuk province. An early stage nurse was defined as the nurse with a work experience of 3 to 36 months. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Person's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: It was seen that turnover intention had a negative correlation with interpersonal competency (r=-.20, p=.020) and a positive correlation with job stress (r=.56, p<.001). Job stress due to work over load, inadequate compensation and working environment, interpersonal relationship ability, and length of clinical career were significant factors influencing turnover intention (p<.05). These variables explained for 50.4% of the variance in turnover intention. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an interpersonal relationship ability improvement program to decrease turnover intention among early stage nurses by helping them to successfully adapt to their job. Moreover, it is important to bring about continuous improvements in terms of provision of adequate workload and appropriate rewards, and creation of a suitable work environment to reduce the job stress of early stage nurses.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of empowerment on nursing performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention in hospital nurses. Method: The subjects were 345 nurses at a general hospital in D city. Data were collected by structured questionnaire from January 10 to February 15, 2009. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression by SPSS win 17.0 program. Results: The mean scores were 3.60(${\pm}.43$) of empowerment, 3.80(${\pm}.38$) of nursing performance, 3.49(${\pm}.55$) of job satisfaction, 4.70(${\pm}.74$) of organizational commitment, and 2.34(${\pm}.84$) of turnover intention. Empowerment was correlated with nursing performance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment positively, but correlated with turnover intention negatively. As a result of multiple regression, empowerment has 34.3% of the explanatory power on nursing performance, 24.0% on job satisfaction, 30.7% on organizational commitment, and 15.6% on turnover intention. Conclusion: Empowerment was a critical variable affecting nursing job performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover. Also, if various variable - active and adequate child-care support system, provided conditions continue to study, and adequate and appropriate compensation for nursing performance - affecting empowerment are managed, nurses' empowerment level will rise at the same time.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 2차원 16-QAM 신호 전송시 채널에서 발생되는 찌그러짐을 보상하기 위한 CR-MMA(Constellation Reduction - Multiple Modulus Algorithm)와 FC-MMA (Fast Convergence - Multiple Modulus Algorithm) 등화 알고리즘의 성능을 비교하였다. CR-MMA 적응 등화기는 탭 계수 갱신을 위하여 nonconstant modulus 신호를 constant modulus 신호로 축소하여 오차 신호를 이용하지만, FC-MMA 적응 등화기는 신호점의 축소 대신 신호 심볼의 레벨수를 고려한 수정된 dispersion constant를 적용하여 오차 신호를 이용한다. 이들 알고리즘들은 MMA 계열중에서 수렴 특성이 우수한 것으로 알려져 있으므로, 본 논문에서는 수렴 특성을 포함한 성능을 시뮬레이션을 통해 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 FC-MMA는 출력 신호 성상도와 잔류 isi 및 최대 찌그러짐과 SER 성능이 CR-MMA보다 우월하지만, 수렴 속도가 늦어짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of job stress and job satisfaction and the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction of Medical Aid Client Managers. Method: Data were collected from 185 Medical Aid Client Managers in 234 areas between April 2-15, 2007. Collected data was analyzed for the frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient etc. Results: The average score of job stress was 2.6. Job instability was highest as 2.9 and job autonomy was lowest as 2.2. in eight items. When the job stress of Medical Aid Client Managers was converted to 100 point, the average was 51.7 and ranked in upper 50% of Korean woman workers' job stress. Among the eight items, because the relationship satisfaction and the instability of duty regime ranked in upper 25% of Korean woman workers' job stress, those items were identified to have high stress. The average score of job satisfaction was 2.3 out 4.0 which could be interpreted as unsatisfactory. The correlation between the job stress and the job satisfaction demonstrated significant difference. Decrease of the job satisfaction was associated with increase of the job stress. In regard to the eight items, the inverse correlation was demonstrated to be significant in organization, inappropriate compensation, and workplace culture. Conclusion: Medical Aid Client Managers have high stress in carrying out their duties. They have experienced very severe instability in their duty regime. Also, they have felt alienated from their organization and experienced unfair rewards. They had low duty satisfaction but got a heavy workload and experienced overtime work. To relieve job overburden of Medical Aid Client Managers. it was necessary to improve business system and also was necessary to relieve a regional disparity of business charge.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 시분산 채널에서 발생되는 진폭과 위상 찌그러짐을 보상하기위한 적응 등화 알고리즘에서 MCMA와 MDD를 병렬 구조로 구현한 PMCMA-MDD (Paralled Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm-Modified Decision Directed)와 단일 구조로 구현한 DW-MCMA (Dual Weight-Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm)의 성능을 비교, 평가하였다. 이들 알고리즘은 기본적으로 MCMA와 RCA의 축소 신호점을 이용하는 비용 함수를 적용하여 빠른 수렴 속도와 적은 잔류 isi를 얻을 수 있다. 구조적으로 PMCMA-MDD 알고리즘은 2개의 독립적인 등화 필터를 병렬로 사용하며 DW-MCMA 알고리즘은 1개의 등화 필터를 이용하여 2번에 걸쳐 탭 계수를 갱신한다. 2가지 알고리즘에 대한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 수신측에서 복원된 신호 성상도, 잔류 isi 특성 곡선에의한 수렴 시간과 수렴 속도, 정규화 MSE 및 주어진 시분산 채널의 신호대 잡음비에서 SER (Symbol Error Rate)등의 성능을 비교하였으며, 시뮬레이션 결과 모든 성능에서 PMCMA-MDD가 DW-MCMA보다 우월함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 통신 채널에서 발생되는 찌그러짐에 의한 부호간 간섭을 보상하기 위한 FC-MMA (Fast Convergence-Multiple Modulus Algorithm)과 RMMA (Region based Multiple Modulus Algorithm) 등화 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하였다. 적응 등화를 위한 오차 신호를 얻기 위하여 FC-MMA 는 신호 심볼의 레벨수를 고려한 수정된 dispersion constant를 이용하지만, RMMA에서는 모든 신호점들이 존재하는 지역을 4개로 분할한 후 이를 기반으로 신호점을 축소한다. 이와 같이 오차 신호를 얻는 상이한 원리를 적용하여 적응 등화기의 탭 계수 갱신을 수행하게 되지만 이들은 각기 다른 등화 성능을 갖게 되므로, 논문에서는 이들의 성능을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인한다. 성능 비교를 위한 지수로는 등화기 출력 신호 성상도, 수렴 특성을 나타내는 잔류 isi, 최대 찌그러짐 및 채널의 신호대 잡음비에 따른 SER을 사용하였으며, 시뮬레이션 결과 RMMA는 정상 상태 이후 출력 신호 성상도와 잔류 isi 및 최대 찌그러짐과 SER 성능이 FC-MMA보다 우월하지만, 정상 상태에 도달하기 위한 수렴 속도에서는 FC-MMA가 빠름을 확인하였다.