• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 2ⁿ개의 노드를 갖는 DCG 특성에 대한 병렬 3치 논리회로를 설계하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 회로의 집적도를 높이기 위한 다양한 연구분야 중 전송선의 신호레벨을 증가시켜줌으로써 회로내의 배선밀도를 낮출 수 있으며 병렬신호전송을 통한 신호처리의 고속화, 회로의 특성을 만족시키며 최적화할 수 있는 회로설계알고리즘은 모두 고밀도 집적회로를 구현하기 위한 유용한 수단이 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 특히, 노드들의 개수가 2ⁿ개로 주어진 DCG에 대하여 그 특성을 행렬방정식으로 도출해내고 이를 통해 최적화 된 병렬3치 논리회로를 설계하는 과정을 정리하여 알고리즘으로 제안하였다. 또한, 설계된 회로의 동작특성을 만족하도록 DCG의 각 노드들의 코드를 할당하는 알고리즘도 제안하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 알고리즘에 의해 회로결선의 감소와 처리속도 향상, 비용절감 측면에서 유용하다 할 수 있다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.405-427
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• 1999

Although Uniform Customs and practice for Documentary(UCP) is not a law, it applies to most documentary credits and is binding on all parties unless otherwise expressly stipulated. Besides, Uniform Commercial Code(UCC) Article 5 was codified by the United States and was adopted by every state. Moreover, the New York version of the UCC Article 5-102(4) specifically providing that the UCC does not apply to letters of credit where the parties agree to be governed by the UCP. Identical nonuniform Articles were latter added in Alabama, Arizona, and Missouri. The fact that courts in forty-six of the fifty states are bound by Article 5. Until now, Article 5 of the UCC has probably had an impact on the decisions in New York and the New York common law. Therefore, I examined a few issues on application between Article 5 of the UCC and the UCP. First, although the UCP attempt to introduce a new for examination of document by incorporating "standard practice of financial institutions" and "international banking practice", the standards for documentary compliance are not clear. The UCC attempt to rely on the matter of interpretation for the court, but the UCP would probably be interested in examining in about bank's internal practices as reflected in UCP Articles. Second, the rule for nondocumentary conditions is a useful for stand-by credit transactions under the UCC, but these conditions would probably put the bank in an even worse position in case of documentary credit transactions under the UCP. Third, the UCP does not contain any provision governing the fraud exception, but the UCC codified the fraud and forgery rules developed through American case law. Fourth, the UCP treats the issue of transfer in much more detail than the UCC does. In contract, the UCP's treatment of assignment of proceeds is brief. Finally, I suggest that the fraud exception rules should be prescribed in the UCP in order to protect the issuing bank and the applicant when an unscrupulous party attempts to defraud.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제17권
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• pp.7-35
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• 2002

In many international financing transactions Korean companies are required to issue a guarantee. Thus far, however, legal issues on international guarantees have not been fully discussed in Korea. This is partly because most of the international guarantees are governed by a foreign law such as English law or the laws of the State of New York. In this articles the author examines major concepts or terms and conditions of a typical international guarantee, e.g., language on consideration, primary obligor, joint and several guarantee, unconditional and irrevocable guarantee, continuing guarantee, right of subrogation, representations and warranties, covenant or undertaking, currency indemnity, assignment, participation, governing law and jurisdiction clause, etc. For reference, standard forms of a guarantee and a standby letter of credit are attached to the article. In examining the terms and conditions, the author compares them with similar or equivalent concepts under Korean law. The author further discusses some Korean law issues that may arise under international guarantees governed by a foreign law. These issues include the application of the ultra vires doctrine under Article 34 of the Civil Code of Korea, the validity of an international guarantee which a Korean company has issued in violation of the guarantee ceiling set under Article 10 of the Law on Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade of Korea and the validity of an international guarantee which a Korean party has issued in violation of the Foreign Exchange Transaction Law. In addition, the author discusses some issues under a so-called independent guarantee and a standby letter of credit. In this regard, reference is made to the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantee (URDG), International Standby Practices (ISP98) and the Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit adopted by the United Nations in 1995. Finally, the author examines major terms and conditions of typical comfort letters and discusses some legal issues, such as the binding force of the comfort letter. In dealing with the issues the author underscores that to the extent the issues are not properly dealt with by an international norm such as Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits or ISP 98, the issues must be analyzed by reference to the governing law of the relevant instrument.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권4A호
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• pp.364-370
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 완전탐색 블럭정합 알고리즘의 고속처리를 위한 VLSI 어레이 프로세서의 구조를 제안한다. 완전 탐색 블록정합 알고리즘으로부터 인덱스 공간을 확장한 단일할당코드를 변환 후, 이것으로부터 데이터의존그래프를 구하고, 최적의 방향으로 투영시켜 신호흐름그래프를 얻는다. 신호흐름그래프에 시간 및 공간적인 지역성을 추가하여 이차원 VLSI 어레이를 구하였다. 탐색영역의 후보블럭이 행과 열로 중첩되므로, 중복되는 데이터를 재사용해서 데이터 임력횟수를 줄이고 처리 속도를 향상시켰다. 블럭의 크기가 N이고 최대탐색거리가 p인 경우, 제안한 VLSI 어레이의 처리요소는 ($N_2$+1)$\times$(2p+1)개이고, 입력포트는 (N+2p)개이다. 첫 번째 기준블럭에 대한 이동벡터를 구하는 시간은 ($N_2$+2(p+1)N+6p)이고, 매 (3N+4p-1) 단위시간마다 다음 기준 블럭에 대한 이동벡터가 구해진다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2004년도 한국우주과학회보 제13권2호
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• pp.347-350
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• 2004

A space radiation analysis has been used to evaluate an ability of electronic equipment boxes or spacecrafts to endure various radiation effects, so it helps design thicknesses of structure and allocate components to meet the radiation requirements. A comparison study of space radiation dose analysis programs SPENVIS Sectoring Tool (SST) and SIGMA II is conducted through some structure cases, simple sphere shell, box and representative satellite configurations. The results and a discussion of comparison will be given. A general comparison will be shown for understanding those programs. The both programs use the same strategy, solid angle sectoring with ray-tracing method to produce an approximate dose at points in representative simple and complex models of spacecraft structures. Also the particle environment data corresponding to mission specification and radiation transport data are used as input data. But there are distinctions between them. The specification of geometry model and its input scheme, the assignment of dose point and the numbers, the prerequisite programs and ways of representing results will be discussed. SST is a web-based interactive program for sectoring analysis of complex geometries. It may be useful for a preliminary dose assessment with user-friendly interfaces and a package approach. SIGMA II is able to obtain from RSICC (Radiation Safety Information Computational Center) as a FOR-TRAN 77 source code. It may be suitable for either parametric preliminary design or detailed final design, e.g. a manned flight or radiation-sensitive component configuration design. It needs some debugs, recompiling and a tedious work to make geometrical quadric surfaces for actual spacecraft configuration, and has poor documentation. It is recommend to vist RSICC homepage and GEANT4/SSAT homepage.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.2775-2782
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 강사가 학생에게 프로그래밍 언어를 효과적으로 가르칠 수 있도록 지원하는 웹기반 프로그래밍 언어 강의 지원 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 오류 분석 단계와 검사 수행 단계로 구성된다. 먼저, 오류 분석 단계에서는 학생들이 제출한 프로그램에 컴파일 오류나 실행 오류가 있는지 확인한다. 이 때, 오류가 있으면 학생들이 이를 수정할 수 있도록 친절한 피드백을 제공한다. 그리고, 오류가 없으면 제출한 프로그램에 대해 소스 코드의 스타일 검사, 주석 검사, 표절 검사를 수행하고, 학생에게 검사결과에 대한 신속한 피드백을 제공한다. 따라서, 학생은 프로그램 과제물을 제출하고 바로 검사결과를 확인할 수 있다. 제안하는 시스템을 C 언어 수업에서 활용한 결과 학생들이 보다 적극적으로 프로그램 과제물을 제출하려는 경향이 나타났다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2005

The built-in kitchen that is seen in every household is one of the achievements of the modernism architecture in early 20th century. Developed on the basis of two axis, one of which is the high industrialization and the other the sceptical assessment on the traditional value-system, the 20th century was launched in the form of the twofold entanglement, through the unfolding of which the cultural code of the modernism could be operated. The Quantification of the psychic that was attempted by H. v. Helmholtz and E. Mach in the pursuit of the reunification of sensation to the normal science was the first thread of that, while the second the break-down of the authoritative ideology and the emancipation of woman labour, which were initiated by the leftist movements. In this situation Margarete Schutte-Lihotzky was the woman architect who has tried to overcome the patriarchism in the household through architectural work by dwelling on that the emancipation of the housewives from the inefficient household labour is directly connected with the accomplishment of human freedom. She applied the modernist functionalism to the designing the kitchen for that purpose and outlined the effective range and operational realm of the rationalization. After all this the future preoccupying endeavor became the decisive moment that gave birth to a aesthetically and functionally good deliberated design of the kitchen in the present. This study is purposed to actualize the architectural ideas of Lihotzky into the present context through the consideration on the Frankfurt Kitchen of her and to grope for the relationship between architecture and feminism on the common horizon of the functionalist architecture and the women's liberation.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제13C권3호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2006

본 논문은 수신된 신호의 고차 통계치를 이용하는 TEA(Tricepstrum Equalization Alogorithm) 기반의 적응 등화기 성능 개선에 관한 것이다. 적응 등화기는 주로 부가 잡음, 위상 찌그러짐 및 주파수 선택성 페이딩이 존재하는 통신 채널 환경에서 수신측에서 통신의 고속, 동기 유지, BER 과같은 성능 개선을 위하여 사용되는데 이의 특성은 통신 채널의 전달 함수의 역특성을 갖게된다. 논문에서 적응 등화기의 알고리즘으로는 고차 통계치(HOS)를 이용하는 TEA 알고리즘을 사용하였으며 대상 신호로는 2 차원 선호 방식인 16-QAM을 이용하였다. 16-QAM의 사전 부호화를 위한 신호점 할당시에 Gray 부호를 이용함으로서 등화기의 성능을 나타내는 잔류 부호간 간섭(Residual ISI)과 MSE에서 개선된 성능을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션으로 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.859-864
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• 2010

차세대 이동통신은 하나의 시스템으로 다양한 서비스망에서의 운용을 위해 Multi-Core 시스템 구현에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 따라서 하나의 시스템으로 WiBro(Wireless Broadband), CDMA(Code Division Multiplexing Access), WCDMA(Wideband CDMA)등을 지원할 수 있는 모바일 시스템들이 출현할 것으로 예상된다. 하나의 시스템을 이용하여 다양한 서비스를 지원하기 위한 시스템은 광대역 주파수를 수용하여 다양한 FA(Frequency Assignment)를 지원해야 하며, 다양한 서비스 망으로의 핸드오버를 지원해야 한다. 특히, 셀 단위로 구성된 이동통신 시스템은 이동국이 사용하는 불안정한 송신 전력이 인접 시스템에 간섭으로 작용하여 시스템 채널 용량 및 셀 크기에 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이동통신 시스템에서 발생되는 불안정한 시스템 동작에 의한 불규칙한 송신전력을 개선하고, 다양한 서비스 지원을 위한 이종망간 핸드오버 시 발생하는 불규칙한 전력 변화에도 안정적으로 전력을 사용할 수 있는 RF(Radio Frequency) Calibration 기법을 제안하였으며, 제안한 기법을 이용하여 이종망간 핸드오버 시 시스템의 전력사용에 대하여 분석하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2019

Objectives: Patients with respiratory diseases are increasing as air pollution due to fine dust gets worse. Diseases that occupy a large proportion of respiratory diseases in medical institutions are acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis and Allergic rhinitis. The number of patients with all three diseases is gradually increasing. This study was to suggest assignment of medicine policy for improving accessibility to Korean medical treatment of respiratory diseases analyzing the current treatment status of acute bronchitis, Chronic bronchitis and Allergic rhinitis patients in Western medical and Korean medical institutes in this situation. Methods: This study used 2017 National patient sample data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service for research. Acute bronchitis, Chronic bronchitis, Allergic rhinitis was according to KCD code. This research contains Socio-demographic analysis classified by sex and age, the number of three disease's patients. Also the number of medical treatment, the expense of recuperation cost, medical practices were analyzed compare with Western and Korean medicine. Results: The incidence of three diseases is higher among female than male. There are many patients under the age of 10 in the case of acute bronchitis and allergic rhinitis, while there are many patients over 50 years of age in chronic bronchitis. Western medical treatment take up a larger proportion than Korean medical treatment in part of the number of three disease's patients, the number of medical treatment, the expense of recuperation cost. Conclusions: Much more patients of these diseases visit in Western medical clinic and hospital than Korean medical clinic and hospital for treatment. There are many parts of Korean medical treatment that are not covered by Health insurance benefits like herbal decoction, pharmacopuncture, etc. Korean medicine need to do the efforts for expanding medical field in variety. Also it is demanded for institutional support for reduction of the cost burden and improving on accessibility of Korean medical treatment in order to treat with the increase in respiratory diseases due to fine dust.