• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.120-131
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• 2015

This research aimed at understanding recognition of the park's community garden, public evaluation of it, and user awareness of the public enhancement plan. This was based on the problem that arose in the park community garden as public awareness research along with community garden cultivation participation within the urban park. In order to compare recognition differences along with community garden cultivation participation, the researcher conducted an analysis by dividing research participants into a cultivation participant group and non-participant group. As a result first, the cultivation participant group positively recognized the necessity of the community garden compared to the non-participant group. However, they recognized the community garden as a space for private profit, which threatened the public aspect of the park. Second, as a result of evaluating community garden publicness, the non-participant group which was alienated from community garden use, had a negative opinion about the community garden. Third, as a result of researching awareness of the community garden distribution method and consumption to promote publicness of the community garden, the cultivation participant group recognized the community garden as a space for private profit. Therefore, it is necessary for both groups to be aware of the public value of the community garden among the park users for sustainable management and operation. The significance of this research is the direction in the aspect of users to form, manage and operate the community garden in the urban park without damaging publicness of the park or conflicting between the function of the park and the function of the community garden. Henceforth, the researcher expects that this research can be utilized to maintain publicness of the park in respect of formation of the community garden in the park and management and operation.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.193-228
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• 2014

In recent years, as well as management of public records, interest in the private archive of large and small is growing. Dedicated archive has various types. In addition, lack of personnel and budget, personnel records management professional because the absence, that help you maintain these records in a systematic manner is not easy. Request to the system have continued to rise, but the budget and professionals in order to solve this problem are missing. As breakthrough of the burden to the system with archive dedicated, it introduces the trends and meaning of public recording system, and was examined in detail AtoM function. AtoM is public land can be made by a method that requires a Web service, the database server. Without restrictions, including the advantage of being available free of charge, by the application or operating system specific, installation and operation is convenient. In addition, compatibility, and is highly scalable, AtoM use and convenient archive of private experiencing a shortage of personnel and budget. Because in terms of data management, and excellent interoperability and search share, and use, it is possible in the future, it favors also documentary use through a network of inter-agency archives and private. In addition, Enhancements exhibition services through cooperation with Omeka, long-term storage through Archivematica, many discussion is needed. Public centered around the private area of the recording management spilling expanded, open-source software allows to balance the recording system will be able to play an important role. In addition, the efforts of academia and in the field, close collaboration between the open source recording system through a user study should be continued. Furthermore, co-operation and sharing of private archives expect come true.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.603-611
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• 2020

This study collected and analyzed transportation card data in order to better understand the operation and usage of city buses in Ulsan Metropolitan City in Korea. The analysis used quantitative and qualitative indicators according to the characteristics of the data, and also the categories were classified as general status, operational status, and satisfaction. The existing city bus survey method has limitations in terms of survey scale and in the survey process itself, which incurs various types of errors as well as requiring a lot of time and money to conduct. In particular, the bus means indicators calculated using transportation card data were analyzed to compensate for the shortcomings of the existing operational status survey methods that rely entirely on site surveys. The city bus index calculated by using the transportation card data involves quantitative operation status data related to the user, and this results in the advantage of being able to conduct a complete survey without any data loss in the data collection process. We took the transportation card data from the entire city bus network of Ulsan Metropolitan City on Wednesday April 3, 2019. The data included information about passenger numbers/types, bus types, bus stops, branches, bus operators, transfer information, and so on. From the data analysis, it was found that a total of 234,477 people used the city bus on the one day, of whom 88.6% were adults and 11.4% were students. In addition, the stop with the most passengers boarding and alighting was Industrial Tower (10,861 people), A total of 20,909 passengers got on and off during the peak evening period of 5 PM to 7 PM, and 13,903 passengers got on and off the No. 401 bus route. In addition, the top 26 routes in terms of the highest number of passengers occupied 50% of the total passengers, and the top five bus companies carried more than 70% of passengers, while 62.46% of the total routes carried less than 500 passengers per day. Overall, it can be said that this study has great significance in that it confirmed the possibility of replacing the existing survey method by analyzing city bus use by using transportation card data for Ulsan Metropolitan City. However, due to limitations in the collection of available data, analysis was performed only on one matched data, attempts to analyze time series data were not made, and the scope of analysis was limited because of not considering a methodology for efficiently analyzing large amounts of real-time data.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2022

The LID technique began to be applied in Korea after 2009, and LID facilities are installed and operated for rainwater management in business districts such as the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and LH Corporation, public institutions, commercial land, housing, parks, and schools. However, looking at domestic cases, the application cases and operation periods are insufficient compared to those outside the country, so appropriate design standards and measures for operation and maintenance are insufficient. In particular, LID facilities constructed using LID techniques need to maintain the environment inside LID facilities because hydrological and environmental effects are expressed by material circulation and energy flow. The LID facility is designed with the treatment capacity planned for the water circulation target, and the proper maintenance, vegetation, and soil conditions are periodically identified, and the efficiency is maintained as much as possible. In other words, the soil created in LID is a very important design element because LID facilities are expected to have effects such as water pollution reduction, flood reduction, water resource acquisition, and temperature reduction while increasing water storage and penetration capacity through water circulation construction. In order to maintain and manage the functions of LID facilities accurately, the current state of the facilities and the cycle of replacement and maintenance should be accurately known through various quantitative data such as soil contamination, snow removal effects, and vegetation criteria. This study was conducted to investigate the current status of LID facilities installed in Korea from 2009 to 2020, and analyze soil changes through the continuity and current status of LID facilities applied over the past 10 years after collecting soil samples from the soil layer. Through analysis of Saturn, organic matter, hardness, water contents, pH, electrical conductivity, and salt, some vegetation-type LID facilities more than 5 to 7 years after construction showed results corresponding to the lower grade of landscape design. Facilities below the lower level can be recognized as a point of time when maintenance is necessary in a state that may cause problems in soil permeability and vegetation growth. Accordingly, it was found that LID facilities should be managed through soil replacement and replacement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.506-515
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• 2015

In this study, the effect of Goheung pomegranate extract on postmenopausal syndrome was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawly (SD) rats. Sixty female SD rats were divided into six groups: sham, sham operation and distilled water; OVX, ovariectomized and distilled water; PE1, ovariectomized and pomegranate concentrate (0.75 mL/twice/d); PE2, ovariectomized and pomegranate concentrate (1.5 mL/twice/d); PE3, ovariectomized and pomegranate concentrate (2.2 mL/twice/d); and CE, ovariectomized and commercial pomegranate concentrate (2.2 mL/twice/d). Percent bone volume (bone volume/tissue volume) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) improved in a dose-independent manner in PE1, 2, and 3. Especially, bone mineral density was significantly improved in PE3 (P<0.05) compared to OVX. Pomegranate extract reduced body weight and visceral fat mass. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level slightly increased in a dose-independent manner in the experimental group. In addition, HDL-C/total cholesterol level of PE3 significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with OVX. These results show that pomegranate concentrate improved blood lipid levels and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Therefore, Goheung pomegranate concentrates are expected to improve cardiovascular and bone-related diseases in menopausal women.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2011

Various La-based perovskite catalysts were prepared by a Pechini method, and they were applied to the low-temperature oxidation of odor compounds exhausted from waste food treatment process for effective deodorization. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of exhausted gas were conducted to measure the amount of major odor compounds with respect to operation time. A standard odor sample composed of major odor compounds was then prepared for use as a feed for oxidation reaction system. Various transition metal(M)-substituted La-based perovskite catalysts ($LaMO_{3}$: M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) were prepared and applied to the oxidation of odor compounds in order to investigate the $LaNiO_3$ catalyst showed the best catalytic performance. Pt-substituted perovskite catalysts ($LaNi_{1-x}Pt_{x}O_{3}$: x=0, 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3) were then prepared for enhancing the catalytic performance. It was found that $LaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}$ catalyst served as the most efficient catalyst. Supported perovskite catalysts ($XLaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}/Al_{2}O_{3}$: X=perovskite content(wt%), 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100) were finally applied for the purpose of maximizing the catalytic performance of perovskite catalyst in the low-temperature oxidation reaction. Catalytic performance of $XLaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}/Al_{2}O_{3}$ catalysts showed a volcano-shaped curve with respect to perovskite content. Among the catalysts tested, $20LaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}$/$Al_{2}O_{3}$ catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of odor compounds of 88.7% at $180^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.880-886
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• 2007

We have proposed a new "hybrid" envelope elimination and restoration(EER) transmitter architecture using an efficiency optimized power amplifier(PA) and modified bias modulator. The efficiency of the PA at the average drain voltage is very important for the overall transmitter efficiency because the PA operates mostly at the average power region of the modulation signal. Accordingly, the efficiency of the PA has been optimized at the region. Besides, the bias modulator has been accompanied with the emitter follower for the minimization of memory effect. A saturation amplifier, class $F^{-1}$ is built using a 5-W PEP LDMOSFET for forward-link single-carrier wideband code-division multiple-access(WCDMA) at 1-GHz. For the interlock experiment, the bias modulator has been built with the efficiency of 64.16% and peak output voltage of 31.8 V. The transmitter with the proposed PA and bias modulator has been achieved an efficiency of 44.19%, an improvement of 8.11%. Besides, the output power is enhanced to 32.33 dBm due to the class F operation and the PAE is 38.28% with ACLRs of -35.9 dBc at 5-MHz offset. These results show that the proposed architecture is a very good candidate for the linear and efficient high power transmitter.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

A vertical multi-stage ammonia stripping reactor using E-PFR, which has been proved to be superior in anaerobic and aerobic treatment, was developed and a lab scale experiment was conducted. According to the change of stage number condition, the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen in the reactor with 0-stage was about 52.5% after 8 hours (pH 10, temperature $35^{\circ}C$, and the air/liquid ratio $3min^{-1}$) However, in the reactor with 5-stage, the removal efficiency was about 62.6%. According to the change of pH condition, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was about 42.6% at pH 9 after 8 hours, and was about 74.4% at pH 11 (5-stage reactor, temperature $35^{\circ}C$, and the air/liquid ratio $3min^{-1}$). According to the change of temperature condition, the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen was about 51% at $25^{\circ}C$ after 8 hours (5-stage reactor, pH 10, and the air/liquid ratio $3min^{-1}$), and was about 87.2% at $45^{\circ}C$. According to the change of air injection volume condition, the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen was about 45.8% at $2min^{-1}$ after 8 hours (5-stage reactor, pH 10, and at $35^{\circ}C$). and was about 75% at $4min^{-1}$. Based on these results, we will follow up the applicability of the actual plant in the future through continuous operation evaluation.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.32
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• pp.65-93
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify problems of private security guard playing an important role at the front of private security industry effectively by examining correlation between job stress and job satisfaction of private security guard and present proposals of effective operation of private security industry. Through data analysis according to study methods and procedures mentioned above, below conclusions were obtained. First, as results of analyzing correlation between job stress and work satisfaction of private security guard, one of subsidiary job satisfaction factors, it was found that lower stress to role complications and wage system relates to higher work satisfaction. Second, as results of analyzing correlation between job stress and superior satisfaction of private security guard, one of subsidiary job satisfaction factors, it was found that lower stress to wage system, responsibility, and role complications relates to higher superior satisfaction. Third, as results of analyzing correlation between job stress and equal opportunity satisfaction of private security guard, one of subsidiary job satisfaction factors, it was found that lower stress to wage system, responsibility, and role complications relates to higher equal opportunity satisfaction. Forth, as results of analyzing correlation between job stress and welfare satisfaction of private security guard, one of subsidiary job satisfaction factors, it was found that lower stress to wage system and role complications relates to higher welfare satisfaction. Fifth, as results of analyzing correlation between job stress and wage satisfaction of private security guard, one of subsidiary job satisfaction factors, it was found that lower stress to wage system and role complications relates to higher wage satisfaction. Sixth, as results of analyzing correlation between job stress and job pride, one of subsidiary job satisfaction factors, it was found that lower stress to wage system and role complications relates to higher job pride. Seventh, as results of analyzing correlation between job stress and co-worker satisfaction, one of subsidiary job satisfaction factors, it was found that lower stress to wage system and role complications relates to higher co-worker satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.664-671
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• 2017

Non-point source pollution is the emission source that unspecifically releases pollutants to water system from unspecific places such as cities, agricultural lands, mountains, and construction sites and its discharge path is not easily identified. Also, it is difficult to design and manage the reduction facilities for the emission quantity is primarily affected from weather conditions like rainfall. Since 2006, the significance of non-point source pollution reduction has been grown in Republic of Korea and this reinforces needs for the installation of reduction facilities. However, because the standards for the installation details and reduction efficiency are not clarified by law, people are preferring technologies that do not require particular maintenance and high expenses. The purpose of this study is to examine and maintain the efficiency of non-point source pollutants reduction facility which uses expended polypropylene as a media. The higher the depth of the media, the less range of variations in the reduction efficiency was observed and the final efficiency was also increased. When the media depth was 60 cm, the average reduction efficiency was 94% and 90% where linear velocities were 10 m/hr and 20 m/hr respectively. The results from 180 minutes operation in 10 m/hr and 20 m/hr of linear velocities were slightly different in head loss changes which were caused by media depth variations. The backwash experiments which were conducted in triplicate showed the reduction efficiency decreased as the time went on because of the media clogging. However, it was found that after the backwashing the reduction efficiency was increased as effective as the efficiency of the initial filtration.