Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.4.506

Pomegranate Extract Improves Menopausal Syndrome in Ovariectomized Rats  

Wee, Ji-Hyang (Department of Research and Development, Jeonnam Food Research Institute)
Jung, Hyun Jung (Department of Research and Development, Jeonnam Food Research Institute)
Jung, Kyung Ok (Department of Research and Development, Jeonnam Food Research Institute)
Sung, Hea Mi (Department of Research and Development, Jeonnam Food Research Institute)
Shin, Yu-Rim (BioFoodstory Co., Ltd.)
Park, Ju-Hyun (Chonbuk National University Medical School)
Seo, Hyeon-Young (BioFoodstory Co., Ltd.)
Lim, Jung-Min (Chonbuk National University Medical School)
Chae, Han-Jeong (Chonbuk National University Medical School)
Lee, Ki Yung (Department of Agriculture Economics, Suncheon National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.44, no.4, 2015 , pp. 506-515 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study, the effect of Goheung pomegranate extract on postmenopausal syndrome was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawly (SD) rats. Sixty female SD rats were divided into six groups: sham, sham operation and distilled water; OVX, ovariectomized and distilled water; PE1, ovariectomized and pomegranate concentrate (0.75 mL/twice/d); PE2, ovariectomized and pomegranate concentrate (1.5 mL/twice/d); PE3, ovariectomized and pomegranate concentrate (2.2 mL/twice/d); and CE, ovariectomized and commercial pomegranate concentrate (2.2 mL/twice/d). Percent bone volume (bone volume/tissue volume) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) improved in a dose-independent manner in PE1, 2, and 3. Especially, bone mineral density was significantly improved in PE3 (P<0.05) compared to OVX. Pomegranate extract reduced body weight and visceral fat mass. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level slightly increased in a dose-independent manner in the experimental group. In addition, HDL-C/total cholesterol level of PE3 significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with OVX. These results show that pomegranate concentrate improved blood lipid levels and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Therefore, Goheung pomegranate concentrates are expected to improve cardiovascular and bone-related diseases in menopausal women.
Keywords
pomegranate; female menopausal symptom; ellagic acid; serum lipid; bone mineral density;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 6  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Avraham Y, Nachum S. 2013. Management of obesity in menopause: lifestyle modification, medication, bariatric surgery and personalized treatment. In Current Topics in Menopause. Volodymyr Dvornyk, ed. Bentham Science, Oak Park, IL, USA. p 143-162.
2 Gosden RG. 1987. Follicular status at the menopause. Human Reprod 2: 617-621.   DOI
3 Lee JY. 1994. Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol Sci 37: 1333-1337.
4 Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SA, Howard BV, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM, Ockene J. 2002. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288: 321-333.   DOI
5 Park MR, Kim MH. 2007. Effects of Punica granatum L. extracts on serum lipids in ovariectomized rats. J Life Sci 18: 46-51.
6 Abidov M, Ramazanov Z, Seifulla R, Grachev S. 2010. The effects of Xanthigen in the weight management of obese premenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and normal liver fat. Diabetes Obes Metab 12: 72-81.   DOI
7 Choi OK, Chung KS, Cho GS, Hwang MO, Yoo YS. 2002. Proximate compositions and selected phytoestrogens of Iranian black pomegranate extract and its products. Korean J Food & Nutr 15: 119-125.
8 Lee JH, Kim SD, Lee JY, Kim KN, Kim HS. 2004. Quantitation of ellagic acid in concentrated pomegranate extracts and their juices. Food Sci Biotechnol 13: 381-383.
9 Devipriya N, Srinivasan M, Sudheer AR, Menon VP. 2007. Effect of ellagic acid, a natural polyphenol, on alcohol-induced prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance: a drug dose dependent study. Singapore Med J 48: 311-318.
10 Shukla M, Gupta K, Rasheed Z, Khan KA, Haqqi TM. 2008. Bioavailable constituents/metabolites of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) preferentially inhibit COX2 activity ex vivo and IL-1beta-induced PGE2 production in human chondrocytes in vitro. J Inflamm (Lond) 5: 9.   DOI
11 Aggarwal BB, Shishodia S. 2006. Molecular targets of dietary agents for prevention and therapy of cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 71: 1397-1421.   DOI
12 Uzuner S, Acar J. 2012. Hydrolytic properties of ellagic acid in commercial pomegranate juices. 2012. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 6: 717-720
13 Ahn KH, Lee KA, Kim BH. 2004. Optimazation of the assement and apoptosis of endocrine-bisphenol A disruptors. J Enbiron Toxicol 3: 251-259.
14 Bekku N, Yoshimura H. 2005. Animal model of menopausal depressive-like state in female mice: prolongation of immobility time in the forced swimming test following ovariectomy. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 183: 300-307.   DOI
15 Altundag K, Ibrahim NK. 2006. Aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer: An overview. Oncologist 11: 553-562.   DOI
16 Kim MS, Yun SH, Na HS, Park HJ, Choi GC, Yang SI, Lee JH. 2013. Chemical compositions and functional characteristics of Korean and imported pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Korean J Food Preserv 20: 342-347.   DOI
17 Ettinger B. 1986. Preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis with estrogen replacement therapy. Int J Fertil 31: 15-20.
18 Kawaii S, Tomono Y, Katase E, Ogawa K, Yano M. 1999. Quantitation of flavonoid constituents in citrus fruits. J Agric Food Chem 47: 3565-3571.   DOI
19 Johnson MK, Loo G. 2000. Effects of epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin on oxidative damage to cellular DNA. Mutat Res 459: 211-218.   DOI
20 Zhang T, Chen HS, Wang LF, Bai MH, Wang YC, Jiang XF, Liu M. 2014. Ellagic acid exerts anti-proliferation effects via modulation of Tgf-${\beta}$/Smad3 signaling in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 15: 273-276.   DOI
21 Ahn KH, Yi KW, Park HT, Shin JH, Hur JY, Kim YT, Kim SH, Lee KW, Kim SH, Bae CS, Kim T. 2010. The effect of pomegranate on depression, anxiety, and food intake in ovariectomized rats. J Korean Soc Menopause 16: 39-45.
22 Lee YH, Hyun SH, Choung SY. 2006. Effect of singled and mixed pomegranate on postmenopausal symptoms in overiectomized rats. Yakhak Hoeji 50: 177-183.
23 Mori-Okamoto J, Otawara-Hamamoto Y, Yamato H, Yoshimura H. 2004. Pomegranate extract improves a depressive state and bone properties in menopausal syndrome model ovariectomized mice. J Ethnopharmacol 92: 93-101.   DOI
24 Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Mark TM, Henderson BE. 1989. Cardiovascular benefits of estrogen replacement therapy. Am J Obset Gynecol 160: 1301-1306.   DOI
25 Mirmiran P, Fazeli MR, Asghari G, Shafiee A, Azizi F. 2010. Effect of pomegranate seed oil on hyperlipidaemic subjects: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Br J Nutr 104: 402-406.   DOI
26 Emans SJ, Grace E, Hoffer FA, Gundberg C, Ravnikar V, Woods ER. 1990. Estrogen deficiency in adolescents and young adults: impact on bone mineral content and effects of estrogen replacement therapy. Obstet Gynecol 76: 585-592.
27 Jeon BG, Jeong HW. 2007. The experimental effects of pomegranate on the cerebral blood flow and obesity in rats. Korean J Food & Nutr 20: 143-149.
28 Han MY, Oh YL, Lee TH, Choi JY, Kim HY. 2004. The effects of low dose estrogen replacement therapy on the bone mineral densities and bone metabolism of postmenopausal women. J Menopausal Med 10: 34-42.
29 Odell WD, Heath H 3rd. 1993. Osteoporosis: pathophysiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Dis Mon 39: 789-867.
30 Devareddy L, Hooshmand S, Collins JK, Lucas EA, Chai SC, Arjmandi BH. 2008. Blueberry prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Nutr Biochem 19: 694-699.   DOI
31 Arjmandi BH, Lucas EA, Juma S, Soliman A, Stoecker BJ, Khalil DA, Smith BJ, Wang C. 2001. Dried plums prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. JANA 4: 50-56.
32 Ethriedge A, Lucas E, Stoecker BJ, Wei CI, Arjmandi BH, Smith BJ. 2003. Alterations in vertebral bone with hind limb unloading and effect of dried plum and parathyroid hormone during recovery. J Bone Miner Res 18: S267.
33 Bu SY, Lucas EA, Franklin M, Marlow D, Brackett DJ, Boldrin EA, Devareddy L, Arjmandi BH, Smith BJ. 2007. Comparison of dried plum supplementation and intermittent PTH in restoring bone in osteopenic orchidectomized rats. Osteoporos Int 18: 931-942.   DOI
34 Tomihara K, Soga T, Nomur, M, Korach KS, Gustafsson JÅ, Pfaff DW, Ogawa S. 2009. Effect of ER-${\beta}$ gene disruption on estrogenic regulation of anxiety in female mice. Physiol Behav 96: 300-306.   DOI
35 Shansky RM, Glavis-Bloom C, Lerman D, McRae P, Benson C, Miller K, Cosand L, Horvath TL, Arnsten AF. 2004. Estrogen mediates sex differences in stress-induced prefrontal cortex dysfunction. Mol Psychiatry 9: 531-538.   DOI