• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.239-251
• /
• 2015

In this study, a spectral fatigue analysis was performed for the topside structure of an offshore floating vessel. The topside structure was idealized using beam elements in the SACS program. The fatigue analysis was carried out considering the wave and wind loads separately. For the wave-induced fatigue damage calculation, motion RAOs calculated from a direct wave load analysis and regular waves with different periods and unit wave heights were utilized. Then, the member end force transfer functions were generated covering all the loading conditions. Stress response transfer functions at each joint were produced using the specified SCFs and member end force transfer functions. fatigue damages were calculated using the obtained stress ranges, S-N curve, wave spectrum, heading probability of each loading condition, and their corresponding occurrences in the wave scatter diagrams. For the wind induced fatigue damage calculation, a dynamic wind spectral fatigue analysis was performed. First, a dynamic natural frequency analysis was performed to generate the structural dynamic characteristics, including the eigenvalues (natural frequencies), eigenvectors (mode shapes), and mass matrix. To adequately represent the dynamic characteristic of the structure, the number of modes was appropriately determined in the lateral direction. Second, a wind spectral fatigue analysis was performed using the mode shapes and mass data obtained from the previous results. In this analysis, the Weibull distribution of the wind speed occurrence, occurrence probability in each direction, damping coefficient, S-N curves, and SCF of each joint were defined and used. In particular, the wind fatigue damages were calculated under the assumption that the stress ranges followed a Rayleigh distribution. The total fatigue damages were calculated from the combination with wind and wave fatigue damages according to the DNV rule.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.1503-1508
• /
• 2009

The paradigm of urban generation does not lie in physical development/maintenance such as urban redevelopment any more. The paradigm is shifting to balanced activation of administration / management functions including central commerce/business functions, broad culture/tourism functions, international functions and adequate level of residence functions. The urban regeneration project aims to restore functions of cities by physical/environmental, living/cultural and industrial/economical regeneration and is managed differently from existing projects in that it includes multiple sub-projects in it. The overall projects management should be by managing the value sought by the urban regeneration project and multiple other sub-projects. The objective of this study is to present various methods of value management in order to avoid conflicts between various objectives within the said project. It aims to provide the value management methods for decision making by understanding correlatedness between values of various projects and prioritizing them.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.1591-1595
• /
• 2018

The number of healthy older adults is rapidly increasing recently owing to the increase of the elderly population. Therefore, programs for improving the cognitive functions of these healthy seniors are actively being expanded. This study aimed to prevent the decline of cognitive function due to aging by applying a program enhancing cognitive functions to healthy older adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Korean computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program (CoTras), which is commonly used in cognitive therapy for the aging, on the memory of the elderly. The subjects had scored at least 24 points in MMSE-K. CoTras was applied once a week (30 minutes) for one month. Electronic pegboard programs were used as an evaluation tool: order memory (difficulty=low) and location memory (difficulty=medium). The order and location memories were compared before and after the intervention. The Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test was used for the study at the significance level of ${\alpha}=.05$. The results showed that CoTras significantly improved order memory and location memory. Therefore, CoTras can be applied to the healthy elderly for improving that memory improvement training has a positive impact on healthy older adults result in the development of memory enhancement programs can be expanded in the future.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2012.11a
• /
• pp.269-278
• /
• 2012

The purpose of VE (Value Engineering) activities is to come to an achievement of building necessary functions at the lowest possible cost. This study unfolds the co-VE activities which occurred between Gas Range and its partner company in the supply of Grill Body. The co-VE activity has accomplished the cost reduction of about 57 million through performing the function deployment of 12 parts and by devising the alternatives.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2021

In this paper, we introduce the notions of a distance function, Alexandrov topology and ⊖-upper (⊕-lower) approximation operator based on complete co-residuated lattices. Under various relations, we define (⊕, ⊖)-fuzzy rough set on complete co-residuated lattices. Moreover, we study their properties and give their examples.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to elucidate the coordination patterns of the sternocleidomastoid and posterior cervical muscles in response to symmetrical and asymmetrical jaw functions in normal adults. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy volunteers (8 females, 19 males; mean age, $30.4{\pm}2.5$ years) participated in this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record activities in the masseter, suprahyoid, sternocleidomastoid, and posterior cervical muscles at rest and during maximum tooth clenching, biting of a cotton roll with the anterior teeth, unilateral biting of a cotton roll with the posterior teeth, bilateral biting of cotton rolls with the posterior teeth, and jaw opening while seated. Normalized amplitude, activity indices, and asymmetry indices were compared between the muscles and the jaw tasks. Results: During symmetrical jaw functions (e.g., tooth clenching, biting with the anterior teeth, bilateral biting with the posterior teeth, jaw opening), the sternocleidomastoid and posterior cervical muscles showed elevated EMG amplitudes compared with the resting condition. The co-activation pattern of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was more pronounced than those of the posterior cervical muscles during these tasks. During asymmetrical jaw functions (e.g., unilateral biting with the posterior teeth), the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles showed higher contraction activity than did the contralateral muscles, but the contralateral posterior cervical muscles were more active than the ipsilateral muscles. Conclusions: The sternocleidomastoid and posterior cervical muscles were shown to be co-activated and coordinated anteroposteriorly or bilaterally according to symmetrical or asymmetrical jaw function. These results suggest an integrated neural control mechanism for the jaw and neck muscles, and provide further evidence supporting the intimate functional coupling between the trigeminal and cervical neuromuscular systems.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.563-569
• /
• 2005

In [2], Jahangiri studied the harmonic starlike functions of order $\alpha$, and he defined the class T$_{H}$($\alpha$) consisting of functions J = h + $\bar{g}$ where hand g are the analytic and the co-analytic part of the function f, respectively. In this paper, we introduce the class T$_{H}$($\alpha$, $\beta$) of analytic functions and prove various coefficient inequalities, growth and distortion theorems, radius of convexity for the function h, if the function J belongs to the classes T$_{H}$($\alpha$) and T$_{H}$($\alpha$, $\beta$).

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.59-61
• /
• 1973

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.199-203
• /
• 2005

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.184-193
• /
• 2013

Co-signaling molecules are surface glycoproteins that positively or negatively regulate the T cell response to antigen. Co-signaling ligands and receptors crosstalk between the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, and modulate the ultimate magnitude and quality of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. In the past 10 years, the field of co-signaling research has been advanced by the understanding of underlying mechanisms of the immune modulation led by newly identified co-signaling molecules and the successful preclinical and clinical trials targeting co-inhibitory molecules called immune checkpoints in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancers. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of well-known B7 co-signaling family members regarding the expression, functions and therapeutic implications and to introduce newly identified B7 members such as B7-H5, B7-H6, and B7-H7.