• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2021

A number of management issues can be used as drivers for change in order to improve animal welfare and nursing capacity of the hyperprolific sow. Group housing of sows during gestation is a recommended practice from the perspective of animal welfare. Related health issues include reproductive health and the locomotor system. It appears that management of pregnant sows in groups is challenging for a producer and considerable skill is required. We explored the benefits and challenges of group housing, including feeding issues. Increasing litter size requires additional attention to the mammary gland and its ability to provide sufficient nursing for the growing litter. We discuss the fundamentals of mammary development and the specific challenges related to the hyperprolific sow. We also address challenges with the farrowing environment. It appears that the old-fashioned farrowing crate is not only outdated in terms of welfare from the public's perspective, but also fails to provide the environment that the sow needs to support her physiology of farrowing, nursing, and maternal behaviour. Studies from our group and others indicate that providing the sow with a loose housing system adequate in space and nesting material, along with reasonable chance for isolation, can be considered as fundamental for successful farrowing of the hyperprolific sow. It has also been shown that management strategies, such as split suckling and cross fostering, are necessary to ensure proper colostrum intake for all piglets born alive in a large litter. We thus conclude that welfare and nursing capacity of the sow can be improved by management. However, current megatrends such as the climate change may change sow management and force the industry to rethink goals of breeding and, for instance, breeding for better resilience may need to be included as goals for the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.337-337
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• 2022

한반도 기후변화평가보고서에 의하면 집중호우의 빈도와 강도는 1990년대 후반부터 꾸준히 증가하는 경향을 보였고 2020년의 홍수는 예견된 것으로 우려가 현실화 된 사건이라 볼 수 있다. 2020년 홍수에서 알 수 있듯이 강수량과 하천의 유량을 직접 담아내는 국내 댐 시설의 운영은 증가하는 기후변화의 위험에 더욱 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 보인다. 단일 목적으로 건설된 발전용댐의 경우도 다목적댐, 홍수조절댐 등 다양한 수자원시설과 동일한 수계 내에 배치되어 있기 때문에 기후변화 시나리오에 따라 발전용댐의 운영도 변화되어야 할 것이다. 2020년 발전용댐의 다목적 활용 협약 등의 여건 변화는 수자원 활용 측면에서 발전용댐의 역할이 기대되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 발전용댐의 운영안을 회복탄력성 관점에서 제시하고자 한다. 기후변화는 CMIP6 데이터베이스에서 제공하는 18개의 GCMs의 결과를 고려하여 기후변화를 고려하였으며 3개의 미래구간에 대해 100개의 앙상블을 생성하였다. 해당 자료는 LSTM 모형으로 기반으로 댐 유입량을 예측하기 위해 사용되었다. 유입량 예측 결과 0.77~0.89의 NSE 값을 갖는 것으로 평가되었다. 최종적으로 기후변화 시나리오 따라 증가하는 예측된 유입량에 맞춰 댐 모의운영을 수행하였고 회복탄력성, 발전량, 홍수위험 등을 평가하였다. 그 결과 전력생산 관점의 회복탄력성을 유지하는 운영안을 제시하였고, 이를 통해 전력생산량을 증가시키면서 홍수조절 및 용수공급에 기여함을 확인하였다. 향후 방류량에 따라 하류의 구체적인 치수위험평가가 동시에 이뤄진다면 기후변화 시나리오별 발전용댐의 최적 운영기준을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2020

보령댐은 충남 서부지역 8개 시·군에 생활용수와 공업용수를 공급하고 있는 중요한 수원으로 최근 우리나라에서 발생한 연속적인 가뭄으로 2015년에는 저수율이 7.5 %까지 감소하여 제한급수가 시행되었다. 본 연구에서는 가뭄으로 인한 물 공급 부족에 취약함을 보인 보령댐 유역(297.4 ㎢)을 대상으로 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모델과 RCP(Representative Concentration Pathways) 시나리오를 활용하여 극한 기후변화 사상이 반영된 보령댐의 내한능력을 평가하였다. SWAT 모형을 활용하여 보령댐의 물수지를 모의하기 위하여 보령댐의 실측 유출량, 저수량, 방류량으로 보령댐 유입량과 저수량을 보정(2002~2004) 및 검정(2005~2007)하였으며, 실측 저수량을 기반으로 미래 댐 운영을 모의하였다. 검·보정 결과, 댐 유입량과 저수량의 PBIAS(%)는 -0.04, -0.09, NSE(Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency)는 0.52, 0.96, RMSE(Root Mean Square Error)는 1.80 mm/day, 0.67 × 10⁶㎥로 분석되어 신뢰성 있는 모의 결과를 보였다. 보정된 SWAT 모형으로 가뭄 사상이 반영된 기후변화를 모의하기 위하여 APCC의 26개 CMIP5 GCM 시나리오를 SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index)와 연속 이론(Runs theory)으로 분석하여 6개의 극한 가뭄 시나리오 (RCP 4.5, 8.5 CMCC-CM, INM-CM4, IPSL-CM5A-MR)를 선정하였으며, 선정된 시나리오를 모형에 적용하여 가뭄 사상을 반영한 보령댐의 미래 내한능력을 평가하였다. 내한능력평가 및 분석 기간은 Historical(1980~1999; 1990s), Present(2000~2019; 2010s), 그리고 미래 기간 (2020~2039; 2030s, 2040~2059; 2050s, 2060~2079; 2070s, 2080~2099; 2090s)으로 나누었으며, 취약성(Reliability), 회복성(Resilience), 위험성(Vulnerability), 세 가지 지표로 내한능력 평가를 수행하였다. 평가 결과, 미래 취약성은 2050s IPSL-CM5A-MR 시나리오에서 0.803까지 감소하였으며, 회복성과 위험성은 2070s IPSL-CM5A-MR 시나리오에서 0.003, 3,567.6 × 10⁶㎥까지 감소하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2022

Recently, stable crop production is threatened by the effects of climate change. In particular, it is difficult to consistently maintain agricultural policies due to large price fluctuations depending on the difference in total domestic rice production from year to year. For stable rice production amid changes in the crop growing environment, development of varieties with improved disease resistance and abiotic stress stability is becoming more important. In here, drought and cold tolerant trait have been studied. First, for the development of drought tolerant varieties, we analyzed which agricultural traits are mainly affected by domestic drought conditions. As a result, it was observed that drought caused by the lack of water during transplanting season inhibits the development of the number of tiller and reduces the yield. 'Samgang' was selected as a useful genetic resource with strong drought tolerant and stable tiller number development even under drought conditions by phenotype screening. Three of drought tolerant QTLs were identified using doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between Nacdong and Samgang, a drought sensitive and a tolerant, respectively. Among these QTLs, when qVDT2 and qVDTl1 were integrated, it was investigated that the tiller number development was relatively stable in the rainfed paddy field conditions. It is known that the high-yielding Tongil-type cultivars are severely affected by cold stress throughout the entire growth stage. In this study, we established conditions that can test the cold tolerance phenotype with alternate temperature to treat low temperatures in indoor growth conditions similar to those in field conditions at seedling stage. Three cold tolerant QTLs were explored using population derived from a cross between Hanareum2 (cold sensitive variety, Tongil-type) and Unkwang (cold tolerant variety, Japonica). Among these QTLs, qSCT12 showed strong cold tolerant phenotype, and when all of three QTLs were integrated, it was investigated that cold tolerant score was relatively similar to its donor parent, Unkwang, in our experimental conditions. We are performing that development of new variety with improved cold tolerant through the introduction of these QTLs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.79-96
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• 2021

Green infrastructure planning represents landscape planning measures to reduce particulate matter. This study aimed to derive factors that may be used in planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction using text mining techniques. A range of analyses were carried out by focusing on keywords such as 'particulate matter reduction plan' and 'green infrastructure planning elements'. The analyses included Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, centrality analysis, related word analysis, and topic modeling analysis. These analyses were carried out via text mining by collecting information on previous related research, policy reports, and laws. Initially, TF-IDF analysis results were used to classify major keywords relating to particulate matter and green infrastructure into three groups: (1) environmental issues (e.g., particulate matter, environment, carbon, and atmosphere), target spaces (e.g., urban, park, and local green space), and application methods (e.g., analysis, planning, evaluation, development, ecological aspect, policy management, technology, and resilience). Second, the centrality analysis results were found to be similar to those of TF-IDF; it was confirmed that the central connectors to the major keywords were 'Green New Deal' and 'Vacant land'. The results from the analysis of related words verified that planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction required planning forests and ventilation corridors. Additionally, moisture must be considered for microclimate control. It was also confirmed that utilizing vacant space, establishing mixed forests, introducing particulate matter reduction technology, and understanding the system may be important for the effective planning of green infrastructure. Topic analysis was used to classify the planning elements of green infrastructure based on ecological, technological, and social functions. The planning elements of ecological function were classified into morphological (e.g., urban forest, green space, wall greening) and functional aspects (e.g., climate control, carbon storage and absorption, provision of habitats, and biodiversity for wildlife). The planning elements of technical function were classified into various themes, including the disaster prevention functions of green infrastructure, buffer effects, stormwater management, water purification, and energy reduction. The planning elements of the social function were classified into themes such as community function, improving the health of users, and scenery improvement. These results suggest that green infrastructure planning for particulate matter reduction requires approaches related to key concepts, such as resilience and sustainability. In particular, there is a need to apply green infrastructure planning elements in order to reduce exposure to particulate matter.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.526-535
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• 2021

Spatial sampling design plays an important role in GIS-based modeling studies because it increases modeling efficiency while reducing the cost of sampling. In the field of agricultural systems, research demand for high-resolution spatial databased modeling to predict and evaluate climate change impacts is growing rapidly. Accordingly, the need and importance of spatial sampling design are increasing. The purpose of this study was to design spatial sampling of paddy fields (11,386 grids with 1 km spatial resolution) in Korea for use in agricultural spatial modeling. A stratified random sampling design was developed and applied in 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s under two RCP scenarios of 4.5 and 8.5. Twenty-five weather and four soil characteristics were used as stratification variables. Stratification and sample allocation were optimized to ensure minimum sample size under given precision constraints for 16 target variables such as crop yield, greenhouse gas emission, and pest distribution. Precision and accuracy of the sampling were evaluated through sampling simulations based on coefficient of variation (CV) and relative bias, respectively. As a result, the paddy field could be optimized in the range of 5 to 21 strata and 46 to 69 samples. Evaluation results showed that target variables were within precision constraints (CV<0.05 except for crop yield) with low bias values (below 3%). These results can contribute to reducing sampling cost and computation time while having high predictive power. It is expected to be widely used as a representative sample grid in various agriculture spatial modeling studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.69-80
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• 2021

This study tried to suggest improvement measures by discovering problems or matters requiring improvement among the annual regional safety evaluation systems. Briefly introducing the structure and contents of the study, which is the introduction, describes the regional safety evaluation method newly applied by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security in 2020. Utilization plans were also introduced according to the local safety level that was finally evaluated by the local government. In this paper, various views of previous researchers related to regional safety are summarized and described. In addition, problems were drawn in the composition of the index of local safety, the method of calculating the index, and the application of the current index. Next, the problems of specific regional safety evaluation indicators were analyzed and solutions were presented. First, "Number of semi-basement households" is replaced with "Number of households receiving basic livelihood" of 「Social Vulnerability Index」 in the field of disaster risk factors is replaced with "the number of households receiving basic livelihood". In addition, the "Vinyl House Area" is evaluated by replacing "the number of households living in a Vinyl House, the number of container households, and the number of households in Jjok-bang villages" with data. Second, in the management and evaluation of habitual drought disaster areas, local governments with a water supply rate of 95% or higher in Counties, Cities, and Districts are treated as "missing". This is because drought disasters rarely occur in the metropolitan area and local governments that have undergone urbanization. Third, the activities of safety sheriffs, safety monitor volunteers, and disaster safety silver monitoring groups along with the local autonomous prevention foundation are added to the evaluation of the evaluation index of 「Regional Autonomous Prevention Foundation Activation」 in the field of response to disaster prevention measures. However, since the name of the local autonomous disaster prevention organization may be different for each local government, if it is an autonomous disaster prevention organization organized and active for disaster prevention, it would be appropriate to evaluate the results by summing up all of its activities. Fourth, among the Scorecard evaluation items, which is a safe city evaluation tool used by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction(UNDRR), the item "preservation of natural buffers to strengthen the protection functions provided by natural ecosystems" is borrowed, which is closely related to natural disasters. The Scorecard evaluation is an assessment index that focuses on improving the disaster resilience of local governments while carrying out the campaign "Creating cities resilient to climate crises and disasters" emphasized by UNDRR. Finally, the names of "regional safety level" and "local safety index" are similar, so the term of local safety level is changed to "natural disaster safety level" or "natural calamity safety level". This is because only the general public can distinguish the local safety level from the local safety index.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.238-250
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• 2020

This study investigated the long-term measures to minimize flood damage in the event of flooding in urban areas. The relationship between urban spatial factors and the impact of flood damage was analyzed, focusing on non-structural measures. The urban spatial factors were categorized into three parts: open space, disaster prevention facilities, and urbanization sectors. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how urban spatial factors influence flood damage. As a result of the analysis, the crucial factors, such as the reduced green areas and parks included in the open space sectors, resulted in an increased flood damage potential. The posterior factors, such as the population density and GRDP included in the urbanization sector concurrently led to an increase in the flood damage potential. Therefore, to better adapt to climate change, it is necessary to establish urban spatial plans strategically, such as green areas and parks. Meanwhile, the population density and GRDP are also the main factors causing flood damage. Therefore, when used appropriately in terms of resilience, it will serve as adaptations and recovery.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.751-763
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• 2015

Both the selection of indicators and weights for them are critical issues in the vulnerability assessment. This study is to assess the air pollution vulnerability focused on ozone for 249 local jurisdictions using weights calculated by the entropy methodology and then examine the applicability of the methodology. We selected indicators for air pollution vulnerability assessment and standardized them. Subsequently, we calculated weights of each indicator using the entropy method and then integrated them into the vulnerability index. The exposure indicators consider meteorological and air pollution factors and the sensitivity of the local jurisdiction include variables on vulnerable areas and environments. The adaptive capacity contains socio-economic characteristics, health care capacities and air pollution managemental factors. The results show that Hwaseong-si, Gwangjin-gu, Gimpo-si, Gwangju-si, Gunpo-si are among the highest vulnerabilities based on the simple aggregation of indicators. And vulnerability-resilience (VRI) aggregation results indicates the similar spatial pattern with the simple aggregation outcomes. This article extends current climate change vulnerability assessment studies by adopting the entropy method to evaluate relative usefulness of data. In addition, the results can be used for developing customized adaptation policies for each jurisdiction reflecting vulnerable aspects.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2020

In Korea, more than 70% of the ammonia(NH₃) released into the atmosphere is known to originate from livestock manure. The total emission (kg year^-1) is calculated by multiplying the emission factor (kg head^-1 yr^-1) and the activity data (head). To improve the accuracy and reliability of the NH₃ emission estimation process, an accurate account of livestock manure production, calculation of NH₃ conversion and generation during the composting and liquefaction of manure, estimation of NH₃ generation in the storage and transportation of manure and compost, and a comparative study of NH₃ emission during the soil spreading process must be performed. Compared to the US and EU-28, in particular, the domestic emission factor is relatively even and the spatial/temporal scale is not broken down sufficiently to reflect the domestic situation. As a way to improve the accuracy and expertise of estimating NH₃ emission factors, a 'dynamic chamber-capture system' can be utilized, which allows complex considerations of compost, liquid manure, soil, and climate characteristics. By reviewing and comparing the data related to domestic and foreign NH₃ emission, we identified shortcomings in the current domestic system and the directions to be taken and suggested a chamber system that could estimate NH₃ emission flux. It is also necessary to establish a methodology for mesocosm systems in the field, in addition to indoor chamber systems, to be linked with practical policies, such as the calculation of new emission factors for missing sources.