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http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2021.39.4.526

A stratified random sampling design for paddy fields: Optimized stratification and sample allocation for effective spatial modeling and mapping of the impact of climate changes on agricultural system in Korea  

Minyoung Lee (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
Yongeun Kim (Ojeong Resilience Institute, Korea University)
Jinsol Hong (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
Kijong Cho (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology / v.39, no.4, 2021 , pp. 526-535 More about this Journal
Abstract
Spatial sampling design plays an important role in GIS-based modeling studies because it increases modeling efficiency while reducing the cost of sampling. In the field of agricultural systems, research demand for high-resolution spatial databased modeling to predict and evaluate climate change impacts is growing rapidly. Accordingly, the need and importance of spatial sampling design are increasing. The purpose of this study was to design spatial sampling of paddy fields (11,386 grids with 1 km spatial resolution) in Korea for use in agricultural spatial modeling. A stratified random sampling design was developed and applied in 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s under two RCP scenarios of 4.5 and 8.5. Twenty-five weather and four soil characteristics were used as stratification variables. Stratification and sample allocation were optimized to ensure minimum sample size under given precision constraints for 16 target variables such as crop yield, greenhouse gas emission, and pest distribution. Precision and accuracy of the sampling were evaluated through sampling simulations based on coefficient of variation (CV) and relative bias, respectively. As a result, the paddy field could be optimized in the range of 5 to 21 strata and 46 to 69 samples. Evaluation results showed that target variables were within precision constraints (CV<0.05 except for crop yield) with low bias values (below 3%). These results can contribute to reducing sampling cost and computation time while having high predictive power. It is expected to be widely used as a representative sample grid in various agriculture spatial modeling studies.
Keywords
spatial sampling; climate change; agriculture modeling; sampling cost; high-resolution spatial data;
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