DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Improvement Plans for Local Safety Assessment in Korea

국내 지역안전도 평가의 개선방안 연구

  • Received : 2021.11.24
  • Accepted : 2021.12.21
  • Published : 2021.12.31

Abstract

This study tried to suggest improvement measures by discovering problems or matters requiring improvement among the annual regional safety evaluation systems. Briefly introducing the structure and contents of the study, which is the introduction, describes the regional safety evaluation method newly applied by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security in 2020. Utilization plans were also introduced according to the local safety level that was finally evaluated by the local government. In this paper, various views of previous researchers related to regional safety are summarized and described. In addition, problems were drawn in the composition of the index of local safety, the method of calculating the index, and the application of the current index. Next, the problems of specific regional safety evaluation indicators were analyzed and solutions were presented. First, "Number of semi-basement households" is replaced with "Number of households receiving basic livelihood" of 「Social Vulnerability Index」 in the field of disaster risk factors is replaced with "the number of households receiving basic livelihood". In addition, the "Vinyl House Area" is evaluated by replacing "the number of households living in a Vinyl House, the number of container households, and the number of households in Jjok-bang villages" with data. Second, in the management and evaluation of habitual drought disaster areas, local governments with a water supply rate of 95% or higher in Counties, Cities, and Districts are treated as "missing". This is because drought disasters rarely occur in the metropolitan area and local governments that have undergone urbanization. Third, the activities of safety sheriffs, safety monitor volunteers, and disaster safety silver monitoring groups along with the local autonomous prevention foundation are added to the evaluation of the evaluation index of 「Regional Autonomous Prevention Foundation Activation」 in the field of response to disaster prevention measures. However, since the name of the local autonomous disaster prevention organization may be different for each local government, if it is an autonomous disaster prevention organization organized and active for disaster prevention, it would be appropriate to evaluate the results by summing up all of its activities. Fourth, among the Scorecard evaluation items, which is a safe city evaluation tool used by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction(UNDRR), the item "preservation of natural buffers to strengthen the protection functions provided by natural ecosystems" is borrowed, which is closely related to natural disasters. The Scorecard evaluation is an assessment index that focuses on improving the disaster resilience of local governments while carrying out the campaign "Creating cities resilient to climate crises and disasters" emphasized by UNDRR. Finally, the names of "regional safety level" and "local safety index" are similar, so the term of local safety level is changed to "natural disaster safety level" or "natural calamity safety level". This is because only the general public can distinguish the local safety level from the local safety index.

본 연구는 매년 실시되는 지역안전도 평가제도중 문제점이나 개선을 요하는 사항들을 발굴하여 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구의 구성 및 내용을 간략하게 소개하면, 서론인 도입부에서는 2020년도에 행정안전부에서 새롭게 적용한 지역안전도 평가 방법에 대하여 기술하였다. 지자체에서 최종 평가받은 지역안전도 등급에 따른 활용 방안도 소개하였다. 본론에서는 지역안전도 관련 선행 연구자들의 다양한 견해를 요약 기술하였다. 또한 지역안전도의 지표구성, 지수 산출 방법, 현행 지표를 적용함에 있어서 문제점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 재해위험요인 분야의 「사회적 취약성 지표」 "반지하 가구 수"는 "기초생활 수급자 가구 수"로 대체한다. 또한 "비닐하우스 면적"은 "비닐하우스에 거주하는 가구 수, 컨테이너 가구 수, 쪽방촌 가구 수" 등을 합한 자료로 대체하여 평가한다. 둘째, 상습 가뭄재해지역 관리 평가부문은 시군구의 상수도 보급률이 95% 이상인 지자체는 "결측" 처리한다. 수도권 및 도시화가 이루어진 자치단체에는 가뭄재난이 거의 발생하지 않기 때문이다. 셋째, 방재대책추진 대응분야의 「지역자율방재단 활성화」 평가지표 내용에 지역자율방재단과 더불어 안전보안관, 안전모니터봉사단, 재난안전 실버감시단 등의 활동도 평가에 추가한다. 다만 각 지자체 마다 지역자율 방재조직의 명칭이 상이할 수 있기 때문에 재난 예방을 위해 조직되어 활동하는 자율 방재조직이면, 그 활동 실적을 모두 합산하여 평가하는 것이 타당할 것이다. 넷째, 유엔재해위험경감사무국(UNDRR)에서 사용하고 있는 안전도시 평가도구인 스코어카드 평가 항목 중 자연재난과 연관이 깊은 "자연생태계가 제공하는 보호기능 강화를 위한 자연 완충재 보존"항목을 차용한다. 스코어카드 평가는 UNDRR에서 강조하는 "기후 위기와 재해에 강한 도시 만들기"라는 캠페인을 전개하면서 지자체의 재난 복원력(resilience)을 향상시키는 데 초점이 맞추어져 있는 평가 지표이다. 끝으로 "지역안전도"와 "지역안전지수"명칭이 유사하여 지역안전도의 용어를 "자연재난 안전도" 또는 "자연재해 안전도"라는 명칭으로 변경한다. 그래야만 일반인 누구나 지역안전도와 지역안전지수를 구분할 수 있기 때문이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim, Y. M. and Lee, T. S. (2020). Evaluation of Disaster Resilience Scorecard for the UN International Safety City Certification of Incheon Metropolitan City. Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security. 13(1): 59-57. https://doi.org/10.21729/KSDS.2020.13.1.59
  2. Lee, C. H. and Lee, S. M. (2018). Development of Regional Safety Evaluation Technique in Seoul. Seoul Research Institute. Policy Issues. pp. 8-16.
  3. Lee, C. H., Lee, S. M., and Yeo, C. G. (2006). A Study on the Development of a Regional Safety Evaluation Model in Seoul: Focusing on Flood Disasters. Seoul Research Institute. pp. 1-139.
  4. Lee, H. C., Lim, H. T., Shin, D. H., Park, S. Y., and Kim, Y. S. (2016). Application Scheme of Community Safety for Discrimination of Natural Disaster Insurance Rate. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation. 16(2): 233-245. https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2016.16.2.233
  5. Ministry of Public Administration and Security (2020). 2020 Local Safety Assessment Guidelines. pp. 1-17.
  6. Park, M. J., Lee, J. H., Yang, D. M., and Kim, K. Y. (2011). Regional Safety Level Diagnosis Research Considering Climate Change. National Fire and Disaster Prevention Administration. pp. 1-182.
  7. Ryu, J. H., Lee, T. S., Kim, Y. M., Kim, K. J., Seok, K. C., Jang, H. J., Lee, H. J., and Jeng, H. E. (2019). Research for UNDRR Role Model City Certification. Korean Society of Disaster & Security. pp. 1-246.
  8. So, B. H. (2018.10.27.). Last year's Natural Disaster Local Safety Level 6 National Average. Ministry of Public Administration and Security Press Release.
  9. Yeo, C. G., Seo, G. S., and Song, J. W. (2011). Regional Safety Assesment Due to Urban Flood Using GIS. The Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies. 14(3): 68-77. https://doi.org/10.11108/kagis.2011.14.3.068
  10. Zhao, M. and Liu, X. (2016). Regional Risk Assessment for Urban Major Hazards based on GIS Geoprocessing to Improve Public Safety. Safety Science. 87: 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.03.016