• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2000

This research deals with the implementation procedures of a chorus processing DSP for karaoke system. It is necessary to compress the chorus data to store as many choruses as we can. We apply MPEG-1 audio algorithm to compress the chorus data. And the chorus system must be accompanied with the karaoke that can change the key and the tempo. So the chorus DSP must be able to change the key and tempo of the chorus data. We apply SOLA (Synchronized Overlap and Add) to do it. We designed the chorus DSP that can compress the chorus, change the key and tempo. And we verified the chorus DSP logic using FPGA. The used FPGA are two FLEX10K100s made by ALTERA. Finally we make the ASIC chip of chorus DSP and verify its operation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the transformation and characteristics of the Verse-Chorus form. The musical form of a musical song is a structural mechanism for expression to effectively convey the dramatic situation of the characters to the audience. This study identified four types of representative forms that can be used to explore the transformation with the verse-chorus form and examined their characteristics. First is the Verse-Chorus form which repeats the description of simple situations and characters in the early stage of the musical. Second is the Verse-Bridge-Verse form which is used to evoke the atmosphere and escape boredom through a slight transformation of the bridge while explaining a simple character. Third is the Verse-Prechorus-Chorus form, which sits just before the chorus, connects the verse and the chorus, and promotes the emotional rise of the characters by smoothing the drama and the harmonic progression. Lastly, this study examined the expanded Verse-BG dialogue-Chorus form used to represent the situation in which conflicts about the complex feelings of the characters and the decisions about them coexist. As such, musical songs use various types of verse-chorus forms. Through the formality and transformation of the verse-chorus, the logic of the music and the logic of the drama are balanced so that the development of the music and the drama does not enter the state of imbalance. Based on this study, further progressive research can take place on the correlation between musical form and dramatic structure, beyond the transformation of musical song form.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.94.1-94.1
• /
• 2013

Whistler mode chorus waves, which are observed outside the plasmasphere of the Earth's magnetosphere, play a major role in accelerating and scattering energetic electrons in the radiation belts. In this study we developed a predicting scheme of the global distribution of chorus by using the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellite data. First, we determined global spatial distributions of chorus activity, and identified fit functions that best represent chorus intensities in specific L-MLT zones. Second, we determined the specific dependence of average chorus intensity on preceding solar wind conditions (e.g., solar wind speed, IMF Bz, energy coupling degree) as well as preceding geomagnetic states (as represented by AE, for example). Finally, we combined these two results to develop the predicting functions for the global distribution and intensity of chorus. Implementing these results in the radiation belt models should improve the local acceleration effect by chorus waves.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.295-301
• /
• 2014

Whistler mode chorus wave is considered to play a critical role in accelerating and precipitating the electrons in the outer radiation belt. In this paper we test a conventional scenario of triggering chorus using THEMIS satellite observations of waves and particles. Specifically, we test if the chorus onset is consistent with development of anisotropy in the electron phase space density (PSD). After analyzing electron PSD for 73 chorus events, we find that, for ~80 % of them, their onsets are indeed associated with development of the positive anisotropy in PSD where the pitch angle distribution of electron velocity peaks at 90 degrees. This PSD anisotropy is prominent mainly at the electron energy range of ${\leq}$ ~20 keV. Interestingly, we further find that there is sometimes a time delay among energies in the increases of the anisotropy: A development of the positive anisotropy occurs earlier by several minutes for lower energy than for an adjacent higher energy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.310-320
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a chorus program in a local child center regarding character, social skills, problematic behaviors, and ADHD. Subjects of this study included 24 children in elementary schools participating in the daytime programs at a local child center located in Suwon, South Korea. The chorus program was comprised of 12 sessions of 60 minutes each, conducted from April 5-July 5, 2017. Results of this study were as follows: First, during the interviews on the character of the children before and after participation in the chorus program, it was noted that the children became more active in terms of the relationships with others and leadership. However, it was also noted that children were more active at the center than they were at their schools. Second, the differences in social skills before and after the chorus program among children were significant in overall social skills and their sub-variables, indicating that there were effective in adjusting social skills. Third, the differences in problematic behaviors before and after participation in the chorus program were significant only in overall problematic behaviors and excessive behavior. This indicates that the program was effective in improving problematic behaviors, particularly for excessive behavior. Fourth, the differences before and after participation in the chorus program in terms of ADHD were statistically significant for ADHD and its sub-variables of carelessness and hyperactivity impulsiveness. This indicates that there was an overall improvement in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, the findings in this study showed that the chorus program was effective on enhancing character, social skills, problematic behaviors, and ADHD behaviors.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.94.2-94.2
• /
• 2011

Electron microbursts, energetic electron precipitation having duration less than 1 sec, have been thought to be generated by chorus wave and electron interactions. While the coincidence of chorus and microburst occurrence supports the wave-particle interaction theory, more crucial evidences have not been observed to explain the origin of microbursts. We propose the measurement of energy dispersion of microbursts could be an evidence supporting wave-particle theory. During chorus waves propagate along magnetic field, the resonance condition should be satisfied at different magnetic latitude for different energy electrons. If we observed electron microbursts at low altitude, the arrival time of different energy electrons should make unique dispersion structures. In order to observe such energy dispersion, we need a detector having fast time resolution and wide energy range. Our study is motivated from defining the time resolution and energy range of the detectors required to measure microburst energy dispersions. We performed test particles simulation to investigate how electrons interact with simple coherent waves like chorus waves. We compute a large number of electron's trajectories and successfully produce energy dispersion structures expected when microbursts are observed with 10 msec time resolution detectors at the altitude of 600 km. These results provide useful information in designing electron detectors for the future mission.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.303-309
• /
• 2014

The Earth's outer radiation belt often suffers from drastic changes in the electron fluxes. Since the electrons can be a potential threat to satellites, efforts have long been made to model and predict electron flux variations. In this paper, we describe a prediction model for the outer belt electrons that we have recently developed at Chungbuk National University. The model is based on a one-dimensional radial diffusion equation with observationally determined specifications of a few major ingredients in the following way. First, the boundary condition of the outer edge of the outer belt is specified by empirical functions that we determine using the THEMIS satellite observations of energetic electrons near the boundary. Second, the plasmapause locations are specified by empirical functions that we determine using the electron density data of THEMIS. Third, the model incorporates the local acceleration effect by chorus waves into the one-dimensional radial diffusion equation. We determine this chorus acceleration effect by first obtaining an empirical formula of chorus intensity as a function of drift shell parameter $L^*$, incorporating it as a source term in the one-dimensional diffusion equation, and lastly calibrating the term to best agree with observations of a certain interval. We present a comparison of the model run results with and without the chorus acceleration effect, demonstrating that the chorus effect has been incorporated into the model to a reasonable degree.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.539-565
• /
• 2009

T. S. Eliot attempted the combining of the liturgy of Anglican Church and a drama in Murder in the Cathedral (1935) and created a modern verse drama which comes most close to the regular tragedy like Greek tragedy today. Eliot chose the drama to deliver his religious insight because of its ritualistic origin and its potentiality to deliver a dramatic world which can contain a complete order. The central theme of this play is the martyrdom. The dramatic action of killing the archbishop Thomas Beckett in this play, however, is not treated as important event enough to be a dramatic climax. He is portrayed as a witness to the reality of God's will rather than a man who wills to give up his own life for any religious belief or cause. In Eliot, a martyr is nothing but "a witness" in its ancient sense. This paper purposes to review the language of this play. The various and new meters and rhythms of the language of this play function enough to bring its playwright to encounter 'the real audience' in 'a living theatre'. The interactions between different verbal models also play a big role to make this play a living theatre. Eliot found the poetry which crosses the various classes and levels of the tastes of audience is the most useful poetry. And the poetry of this play proves as the very thing which intensifies the theme of the play and gives the most powerful force to the play. Especially Eliot's poetry succeeds smost in the various and free meters of chorus, which makes Eliot the first playwright since Aeschylus, who could bring the chorus to undertake the function of extending the dramatic action of the play into the universal meaning. In the theatre the real audience identifies themselves with chorus. And the chorus leads the audience to respond to peace which passeth understanding beyond words and sounds of this play, which is the desired response in Eliot's conception of drama.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.55-58
• /
• 2005

Music Summarization is to extract there presentative section of a song such as chorus or motif. In previous work, the length of music summarization was fixed, and the threshold to determine the chorus section was so sensitive that the tuning was needed. Also, the rapid change of rhythm or variation of sound effects make the chorus extraction errors. We suggest the linear regression for extracting the changeable length and for minimizing the effects of threshold variation. The experimental result shows that proposed method outperforms conventional one.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.62 no.5
• /
• pp.125-137
• /
• 2012

This study examines the stage costumes of the creative musical 'Hyecho', which was performed six times in the Chung Ang Art Center hosted by Chung-Ang University's performance & media agency from December 20 to 22 in 2006. The stage costumes were made based on these basic design elements of stage costumes that were dyed : line, silhouette, material, and color. First, the creative musical 'Hyecho' presents a new form of fusion theatre, which blends Korean traditional music and dance with videos. Thereby, the musical has opened a new phase in Korea's creative performing arts. Second, in musical performances that combines dance and songs, stage costumes should be made not only to attract the audience's eyes, but also not to interrupt actors' vocalizations and movements by taking their physical features into account. Also, costumes should be made in consideration of their relationships with visual elements, including stage settings and lighting. Third, the musical features fusion-style stage costumes, which combines Hanbok, the Korean traditional costume, and Indian traditional costumes with modern costumes. For the line and silhouette, costumes show the beauty of curves through the curves of Hanbok and India's traditional costumes and also through irregular pleats of pants. Also, by using cotton materials, which is easy to dye and not readily deformed, costumes feature colors that are found in nature through a gradation dyeing technique. In doing so, it offers visual amusement to the audience by making stage costumes look like a beautiful painting. Fourth, the stage costumes of the chorus feature costumes that use lining and pleated skirts using belts, and various accessories, including necklaces that use strings in order to express evil spirits. Since there is not much time to change costumes during a performance, using such items are helpful to show the unique characteristics of actors effectively during the limited time. Also, coordinating with the lighting director allows the costume designer to make better costumes for the chorus and make the performance more dramatic. Finally, it was not necessary to wash the costumes of the chorus of the fusion musical Hyecho 2006 since it was performed only six times. However, when using dyed costumes for the long-term performance, it might cause problems such as bleaching that result from the washing of costumes and low durability that can result in the deformation of costumes. As performing arts are made in various forms and are diversified, it is needed for stage costumes to change accordingly through new attempts and various ways of expression.