• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.187-209
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• 2007

This paper deals with the policy failure in housing markets. In order to understand basic mechanism leading to policy failure, systems thinking and system dynamics modeling is applied to housing markets and housing policy. This paper will show different set of causal maps on housing policy, and compare causal reasons of housing policy and its critics.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1069-1088
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• 2015

In this paper, some basic results concerning the existence, strict and nonstrict inequalities and existence of the maximal and minimal solutions are proved for a hybrid causal differential equation. Our results generalize some basic results of Leela and Laksh-mikantham [13] and Dhage and Lakshmikantham [10] respectively for the nonlinear first order classical and hybrid differential equations.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-100
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze causation of Ecosystem service's trade-off(ES trade-off) and to establish baseline data for wise spatial planning and management. In order to understand why and how ES trade-off occurs, systems thinking and causal loops were employed. The causal loop of ecosystem service creation cycle includes profits quantification process, decision making process, spatial planning and management process, and ecosystem services creation process. The profits quantification process has a limitation that all ecosystem service categories were not included in profits quantification, because quantification method for cultural services is insufficient. These problems led to unequal discussion opportunity in decision making process. ES trade-off occurs through transition of ecosystem function in spatial scale and temporal scale. In spatial scale, land-use variation and resource-use variation contribute to change an ecosystem function for different ES category by spatial planning and management. In temporal scale, a change of an ecosystem function for different ES category is influenced by ecological succession, seasonal change and land cover variation, which are parameter from environmental features. This study presented that spatial planning and management should ecosystem service assessment in order to enhance balanced ecosystem services.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.615-632
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• 2017

Unlike randomized trial, statistical strategies for inferring the unbiased causal relationship are required in the observational studies. The matching with the propensity score is one of the most popular methods to control the confounders in order to evaluate the effect of the treatment on the outcome variable. Recently, new methods for the causal inference in latent class analysis (LCA) have been proposed to estimate the average causal effect (ACE) of the treatment on the latent discrete variable. They have focused on the application study for the real dataset to estimate the ACE in LCA. In practice, however, the true values of the ACE are not known, and it is difficult to evaluate the performance of the estimated the ACE. In this study, we propose a method to generate a synthetic data using the propensity score in the framework of LCA, where treatment and outcome variables are latent. We then propose a new method for estimating the ACE in LCA and evaluate its performance via simulation studies. Furthermore we present an empirical analysis based on data form the 'National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents Health,' where puberty as a latent treatment and substance use as a latent outcome variable.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-131
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze Foreign Exchange(FX) exposure and FX hedge strategy based on the systems thinking perspective using causal loop diagrams. FX exposure has been a critical issue on a business management. Many studies in Korea have researches on variables which make effects to the company value. This study displays causal loop diagrams(CLDs) on these issues. In order to make CLD more objective, most causalities are articulated from recent 72 studies (1998~2013) of domestic top journals. This approach is valuable in that it is the first try to draw all the causalities from various literature review regarding FX exposure and FX hedge strategy. This study is expected to make a useful and basic material to research the financial issues of corporate, as the first research to dynamically understand FX exposure and FX hedge strategy.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.103-128
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• 2015

This study investigated dynamic causal relationship between CSR implementation and consumption of environmentally friendly fashion products through systems thinking. Based on literature review and empirical research, we drew causal loop diagram for CSR implementation in environmentally friendly fashion product industry. By analyzing feedback loops, we found that companies and consumers interact in the process of CSR activities. In the process of CSR implementation, companies and consumers are closely related and affect each other as stimuli and prior condition. This study suggests that companies adopt push strategy to actively create demand by developing and promoting environmentally friendly fashion products and that companies communicate with consumers in order to be recognized and rewarded by consumers for their CSR activities. In addition, this study suggests that consumers not only support companies of CSR activities but also actively boycott anti-environmental companies by collective action.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.378-390
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• 2010

From the perspective of employees working for public service agencies, we analyzed the causal relationship between service quality, relationship quality, design quality, customer satisfaction, and trust in public services. We conduct statistical analyses on the quality attributes we derived from a critical incident technique(CIT) analysis and build a measurement model, which has a second-order hierarchical structure. Survey data was collected from social work, childcare, and healthcare services. Using a structural equation modeling method, we identify a causal model and simultaneously estimate factor loadings and path coefficients. We find that all the quality dimensions are antecedents to satisfaction and then satisfaction precedes trust. The results show that service quality and design quality mediate in parallel the effect of relationship quality on satisfaction and both relationship and design qualities have stronger effects on satisfaction rather than service quality.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2009

The purpose of TQM (Total Quality Management)-centered organizational culture is to enhance the efficiency of business through the proper allocation and concentration of restricted resources. In order to maximize the corporate profitability through customer satisfaction, what kind of, when and how many resources should be allocated and managed to the preventive TQM activities and corrective TQM activities have become a very important decision making factors at the point of high management. This study aims to identify the causal relationships of quality-centered organizational culture on service quality and customer satisfaction relating to service failure in food service industry. And this study is intended to discover the factors of quality-centered organizational culture which impacts on service recovery justice after service failure happens, and it can be helpful for the top managers to make a decision to how to form corporate structural culture.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.5-29
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• 2016

The Korean government has constructed the national competency standards (NCS) rapidly since the year 2013. Also, it has pushed 2-year colleges to adopt NCS-based educational programs and public institutions to hire new employees by using NCS. It expects that NCS will deplete the mismatch between the requirements of employers and the abilities of employees. The purpose of this paper is to find correct accelerating policies for universities to adopt NCS-based educational programs. In order to achieve the purpose, primarily the government policies for NCS were analyzed by using causal map. And then, three accelerating policy recommendations for universities to adopt NCS were drawn by using the results of causal map analysis. The three recommendations are as follows. First, the quality of NCS should be kept highly. Secondly, the NCS-based hiring system of public institutions should also be standardized. Finally, the authorities of universities should be guaranted whenever they make educational programs.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.25-42
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• 2017

Purpose This study empirically examined the causal relationships among the level of advanced manufacturing technology(AMT), facilitation of alignment, the degrees of strategic alignment of management accounting information systems(MAIS), and the improvement of production performance. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were drawn from a survey of the current status of AMT used in Korean manufacturing firms. At the beginning, 131 organizations responded to the request for information. However, during the survey, 5 firms withdrew from the survey, and as a result, 126 manufacturing firms were included in the research. In order to collect data, this study administered questionnaires with the participating firms. The survey was conducted during a 4-month period between November 2015 and March 2016. Findings The results showed that the level of AMT has a significant impact on alignment facilitation. A significant causal relationship between alignment facilitation and MAIS strategic alignment was also found. It was shown that under high degrees of MAIS strategic alignment, MAIS must provide broad-scope and integrated types of information. The causal relationships between MAIS strategic alignment and organizational performance were significant and positive. Thus, it is concluded that under high levels of AMT, a high degree of MAIS strategic alignment positively contributes to the improvement of a firm's production performance.