• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2002

[ $45^{\circ}C$ ]의 25%(v/v) dioxane-수용액(${\mu}=0.1M$) 중에서 살충제, flupyrazofos의 가수분해 반응속도상수를 자외선 분광법으로 측정하였다. 용매효과($|m|{\ll}|{\ell}|$) 및 반응 속도식($k_{obs.}=k_O+k_{H3O}+[H_3O^+]+k_{OH}-Kw/[H_3O^+]$) 그리고 생성물 분석 결과로부터 flupyrazofos는 trigonal-bipyramidal형($d^2sp^3$) 중간체를 경유하여 pH 4.0 이하의 산성 용액에서는 $A_{AC}2$형의 특정 산-촉매 반응, pH 11.0 이상의 알카리성 용액에서는 $B_{AC}2$ 형의 특정 염기-촉매 반응 그리고 PH $5.0{\sim}10.0$ 사이에서는 $B_{AC}2$형의 일반 산 및 염기-촉매반응에 따른 일련의 가수분해 반응 메카니즘을 제안하였다. 또한, 중성 용액 중에서 flupyrazofos는 매우 안정한 ($8.0{\times}10^{-8}sec^{-1}$) 화합물로 반감기는 약 3개월($45^{\circ}C$) 이상이었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2019

수소화 처리 촉매공정은 정유공정에서 다양한 유분 내 황, 질소, 산소 및 미량 금속성분들의 헤테로 원자를 제거함과 동시에 불포화 탄화수소의 포화를 목적으로 진행되는 수소화공정이다. 대부분의 정유 공정은 납사, 중간유분, 가스오일을 포함하여 중질 잔사유의 업그레이드용 수소화 처리 공정을 포함하고 있다. 언급된 유종 중, 잔사유의 수소화 처리 촉매공정은 원료자체의 복잡성으로 인해 정유공정의 핵심으로 받아들여지고 있는 만큼 기타 유종에 대한 업그레이드 공정 대비 상당히 비중 있게 다루어 지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 총설은 수소화 처리에 의한 잔사유의 업그레이드 공정 중, 중요한 이슈의 최근 동향을 수첨탈금속 (Hydrodemetallization, HDM) 및 수첨탈황(Hydrodesulfurization, HDS) 공정에 대해 화학적 관점으로 고찰하고자 한다. 더불어, 수소화 처리용 촉매의 기능과 조성은 물론, 개선방향도 살펴보았다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2022

The behavior of hydrogen species on the surface of the catalyst during the Lewis acid transformation to form Brønsted acid sites over the spherical silica-supported WO_x catalyst was investigated. To understand the structure-activity relationship of Lewis acid transformation and hydrogen bonding interactions, we explore the potential of using the in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) with adsorbed ammonia and hydrogen exposure. From the results of in situ DRIFTS measurements, Lewis acid sites on surface catalysts were transformed into new Brønsted acid sites upon hydrogen exposure. The adsorbed NH₃ on Lewis acid sites migrated to Brønsted acid sites forming NH⁴⁺. The results show that the dissociated H atoms present on the catalyst surface formed new Si-OH hydroxyl species - the new Brønsted acid site. Besides, the isolated Si-O-W species is the key towards H-bond and Si-OH formation. Additionally, the H atoms adsorbed surrounding the Si-O-W species of mono-oxo O=WO₄ and di-oxo (O=)₂WO₂ species, where the Si-O-W species are the main species presented on the Inc-SSP catalysts than that of the IWI-SSP catalysts.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2004

Methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether (DME) has been investigated over ZSM-5 zeolites and compared with that of ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$. Although the catalytic activity was decreased with an increase in silica/alumina ratio, the DME selectivity increased. H-ZSM-5 and NaH-ZSM-5 zeolites were more active for conversion of methanol to DME than ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$. $Na^+$ ion-exchanged H-ZSM-5 (NaH-ZSM-5) shows higher DME selectivity than H-ZSM-5 due to the selective removal of strong acid sites.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.69-71
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• 2000

카르복시산과 이황하물 다리를 가지며 산화환원 활성이 있는 칼릭스[4]아렌을 합성하였고 그것이 은과 금 표면 위에 자발적으로 흡착하는 것을 관찰하였다. 칼릭스[4]아렌은 특이한 구조 때문에 수용액에서 알칼리 토금속이온에 선택적인 친화력을 보인다 한편 둥그런 이온 수용체를 전극 위에 고정시켰을 때 금속 이온을 포획하는 것을 전압전류법 및 분광학적인 연구를 통해 확인하였다. 아울러 EDTA와 같은 강한 킬레이트제를 이용하여 이온을 가역적으로 제거할 수 있음을 보였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.318-322
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• 2004

Lactic acid is an environmentally benign organic acid that could be used as a raw material for biodegradable plastics if it can be inexpensively produced by fermentation. Two genes (ldhL and ldhD) encoding the L-(+) and D-(-) lactate dehydrogenases (L-LDH and D-LDH) were cloned from Lactobacillus sp., RKY2, which is a lactic acid hyper-producing bacterium isolated from Kimchi. Open reading frames of ldhL for and ldhD for the L and D-LDH genes were 962 and 998 bp, respectively. Both the L(+)- and D(-)-LDH proteins showed the highest degree of homology with the L- and D-lactate dehydrogenase genes of Lactobacillus plantarum. The conserved residues in the catalytic activity and substrate binding of both LDHs were identified in both enzymes.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.222-228
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• 1997

Protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) is one of the four major serine/threonine phosphatases which is dependent on $Mg^{2+}$ for its activity. PP2C was purified from rat liver cytosol and its characteristics were investigated. The substrate employed for routine assay was $[^{32}P]casein$ phosphorylated by PKA. The purification process involved DEAE chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation, phenyl sepharose chromatography, sephacryl 5-200 gel filtration, and histone agarose chromatography. The SDS-PAGE of PP2C showed one major single protein band at a position corresponding to a molecular mass of 43 kd and the purification fold was 637. The enzyme showed a pH optimum of 8 and $K_M$ value was $1.9\;{\mu}M$. However, when the substrate was changed to $[^{32}P]histone$, the pH optimum was shifted to 7 and $K_M$ value was $2.3\;{\mu}M.\;Mg^{2+}$ was essential to the enzyme activity and okadaic acid did not exert any inhibitory effect on the enzyme. To examine residue in the active site of PP2C effects of some protein-modifying reagents were tested.

• Carbon letters
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.224-234
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• 2010

Four activated carbons were produced by two-stage process as followings; semi-carbonization of indigenous biomass waste, i.e. cotton stalks, followed by chemical activation with KOH under various activation temperatures and chemical ratios of KOH to semi-carbonized cotton stalks (CCS). The surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter were evaluated by $N_2$-adsorption at 77 K. The surface morphology and oxygen functional groups were determined by SEM and FTIR, respectively. Batch equilibrium and kinetic studies were carried out by using a basic dye, methylene blue as a probe molecule to evaluate the adsorption capacity and mechanism over the produced carbons. The obtained activated carbon (CCS-1K800) exhibited highly microporous structure with high surface area of 950 $m^2/g$, total pore volume of 0.423 $cm^3/g$ and average pore diameter of 17.8 ${\AA}$. The isotherm data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity of 222 mg/g for CCS-1K800. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were analyzed using a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations. The pseudo-second-order model fitted better for kinetic removal of MB dye. The results indicate that such laboratory carbons could be employed as low cost alternative to commercial carbons in wastewater treatment.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Nonthermal plasma-driven catalysis (PDC) was investigated for the decomposition of benzene and toluene as model compounds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. Two types of catalysts Ag/$TiO_{2}$ and Pt/$\gamma-Al_{2}O_{3}$ were tested in this study. The amount of catalysts packed in the PDC reactor did not influence on the decomposition efficiency of benzene. The type of catalysts also had no influence on the decomposition efficiency of toluene and carbon balance. The Ag/$TiO_{2}$ catalyst showed constant $CO_{2}$ selectivity of about $73\%$ regardless of the specific input energy. However, the selectivity of $CO_{2}$ was greatly enhanced with the Pt/$\gamma-Al_{2}O_{3}$ catalysts, and reached $97\%$ at 205 J/L. Two test runs with 20 fold difference in the gas flow clearly indicated that lab-scale data can be successfully applied for the scaling-up of PDC system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2006

The thermal decomposition of tetrakis(ethylmethylamido) titanium (TEMAT) has been investigated in Ar and $H_2$ gas atmospheres at gas temperatures of 100-400 ${^{\circ}C}$ by using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a fundamental study for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of titanium nitride (TiN) thin film. The activation energy for the decomposition of TEMAT was estimated to be 10.92 kcal/mol and the reaction order was determined to be the first order. The decomposition behavior of TEMAT was affected by ambient gases. TEMAT was decomposed into the intermediate forms of imine (C=N) compounds in Ar and $H_2$ atmosphere, but additional nitrile (RC$\equiv$N) compound was observed only in $H_2$ atmosphere. The decomposition rate of TEMAT under $H_2$ atmosphere was slower than that in Ar atmosphere, which resulted in the extension of the regime of the surface reaction control in the CVD TiN process.