• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.100-111
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• 2022

This paper presents a simple and inexpensive method to fabricate chemically and mechanically resistant hot electron-emitting composite electrodes on reusable substrates. In this study, the hot electron emitting composite electrodes were manufactured by doping a polymer, nylon 6,6, with few different brands of carbon particles (graphite, carbon black) and by coating metal substrates with the aforementioned composite ink layers with different carbon-polymer mass fractions. The optimal mass fractions in these composite layers allowed to fabricate composite electrodes that can inject hot electrons into aqueous electrolyte solutions and clearly generate hot electron- induced electrochemiluminescence (HECL). An aromatic terbium (III) chelate was used as a probe that is known not to be excited on the basis of traditional electrochemistry but to be efficiently electrically excited in the presence of hydrated electrons and during injection of hot electrons into aqueous solution. Thus, the presence of hot, pre-hydrated or hydrated electrons at the close vicinity of the composite electrode surface were monitored by HECL. The study shows that the extreme pH conditions could not damage the present composite electrodes. These low-cost, simplified and robust composite electrodes thus demonstrate that they can be used in HECL bioaffinity assays and other applications of hot electron electrochemistry.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2024

Fe-Ni nanocatalysts loaded on carbon black were prepared via spontaneous reduction reaction of iron (II) acetylacetonate and nickel (II) acetylacetonate in dry process. Their morphology and elemental analysis were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. The loading weight of the nanocatalysts was measured by thermogravimetric analyze and the surface area was measured by BET analysis. TEM observation showed that Fe and Ni nanoparticles was well dispersed on the carbon black and their average particle size was 4.82 nm. The loading weight of Fe-Ni nanocatalysts on the carbon black was 6.83-7.32 wt%, and the value increased with increasing iron (II) acetylacetonate content. As the Fe-Ni loading weight increased, the specific surface area decreased significantly by more than 50%, because Fe-Ni nanoparticles block the micropores of carbon black. I-V characteristics showed that water electrolysis performance increased with increasing Ni nanocatalyst content.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.255-268
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• 2015

Single particle soot photometer (SP2) is an advanced instrument capable of real-time measurement of concentration, coating thickness, and size distribution of individual BC particle using laser-induced incandescence. So far, there have been insufficient studies examining the real-time characteristics of BC in Korea. In this study, we examined temporal variations in BC concentration and mass size distribution of BC in volume equivalence diameter at a background site of Aewol, Jeju in May. Average concentration and mass median diameter (MMD) of BC particles measured during the study period (06~ 16 May 2013) were $0.69{\pm}0.48{\mu}g/m^3$ and $196{\pm}17nm$, respectively. The BC concentration measured in Aewol was very similar to that observed in the spring of 2012 in Baengnyeong island, and showed diurnal profiles similar to those in other background areas. MMD of BC ranged from 172 to 222 nm. It was found that the mass size distribution of BC varied depending on the location (ground-based), season, types of air masses, and altitude (aircraft-based).

• 공업화학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 구형의 폴리스티렌 구슬을 틀로 사용하여, 크기분포가 좁으면서 속은 비어있고 벽이 다공성인 구조의 탄소 마이크로 캡슐을 합성하였다. 폴리스티렌의 표면은 무기물인 실리카졸이 쉽게 입혀질 수 있도록 폴리비닐피롤리돈(PVP)을 코팅하여 변조하였다. PVP가 코팅된 PS 마이크로 입자표면에 SBA-16 졸을 부착시킨 다음, 실리카층에 존재하는 중간 크기의 세공 내에 탄소원을 채워 넣는 음각식 형뜨기법을 적용함으로써 속이 빈 구조의 탄소 마이크로캡슐을 제조하였다. 탄화과정을 거치고 틀로 사용한 다공성 실리카입자를 HF로 용해하면, 좁은 입자크기분포를 갖는 중간세공이 함유된 계란껍질형의 탄소입자를 얻을 수 있었다. 계란껍질형 탄소 마이크로캡슐 입자의 다공성과 전기화학적 특성은 XRD, SEM, TEM, 질소분자 흡/탈착분석법 및 cyclic voltammetry법으로 평가하였다. 이들 탄소입자는 슈퍼캐패시터와 같은 전자재료로서 유효하게 사용될 만한 높은 전기전도도와 용량을 나타내었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.879-886
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 NaOH로 첨착(함침)시킨 활성탄의 $H_2S$ 흡착특성을 고찰하였다. 첨착시약으로 사용된 NaOH용액의 농도는 1~8 N이며, 활성탄의 입자크기는 $8{\times}30$ mesh가 적용되었다. 실험결과, 첨착율이 0.87~5.8% 범위내에서 증가될수록 BET 표면적은 $1050m^2/g$에서 $783m^2/g$로 감소되며, 표면산도는 0.541 meq/g-AC에서 0 meq/g-AC으로 감소하고, pH는 9.56에서 10.86으로 증가하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 NaOH로 첨착시킨 활성탄의 $H_2S$ 평형흡착능은 흡착온도와 $H_2S$ 가스농도에 비례함을 보였으며, 흡착온도가 $45^{\circ}C$일 때 17.87~30.34 mg/g-AC 범위의 $H_2S$ 평형흡착능을 보임으로써 비첨착활성탄에 비해 2~3배 높은 수준을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.220-228
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• 2018

This study introduced a carbon-free electrode for $Li-O_2$ cells with the aim of suppressing the side reactions activated by carbon material. Micro-particles of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a conducting polymer, were used as the base material for the air electrode of $Li-O_2$cells. The PEDOT micro-particles were treated with $H_2SO_4$ to improve their electronic conductivity, and LiBr and CsBr were used as the redox mediators to facilitate the dissociation of there action products in the electrode and reduce the over-potential of the $Li-O_2$ cells. The capacity of the electrode employing PEDOT micro-particles was significantly enhanced via $H_2SO_4$ treatment, which is attributed to the increased electronic conductivity. The considerable capacity enhancement and relatively low over-potential of the electrode employing $H_2SO_4$-treated PEDOT micro-particles indicate that the treated PEDOT micro-particles can act as reaction sites and provide storage space for the reaction products. The cyclic performance of the electrode employing $H_2SO_4$-treated PEDOT micro-particles was superior to that of a carbon electrode. The results of the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis showed that the accumulation of residual reaction products during cycling was significantly reduced by introducing the carbon-free electrode based on $H_2SO_4$-treated PEDOT micro-particles, compared with that of the carbon electrode. The cycle life was improved owing to the effect of the redox mediators. The refore, the use of the carbon -free electrode combined with redox mediators could realize excellent cyclic performance and low over-potential simultaneously.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.798-803
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• 2018

Si을 리튬이온전지 음극활물질로 사용하기 위해 입도를 $0.5{\mu}m$ 보다 작은 크기로 제어하였고 표면에 탄소를 약 10 nm 두께로 코팅하였다. 그 위에 탄소섬유를 50~150 wt% 양으로 성장시키고 다시 한 번 탄소코팅을 진행하였다. 이렇게 만들어진 Si 합성물질은 전기전도성을 높이기 위한 공정으로 이종 금속을 혼합하였으며 수명 특성을 개선하기 위해 흑연과 복합화하였다. 실험 변수에 따른 재료들의 물리화학적 특성을 XRD, SEM 및 TEM을 사용하여 측정하였고 코인셀을 제조하여 전기화학적 특성을 평가하였다. Si/PC (Pyrolytic Carbon)/CNF (Carbon Nano Fiber)보다 Si/PC/CNF/PC가 전체적으로 Si 함량이 줄어 방전용량은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났지만 전지평가에서 중요한 수명특성에서는 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. 0.2 C rate에서 $1512mA\;h\;g^{-1}$의 초기 방전 용량과 78%의 초기 효율을 나타내었고 10 싸이클에서 94%의 용량 보존율을 보여주었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.646-652
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• 2018

During a long-term operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs), the fuel cell performance may degrade due to severe agglomeration and dissolution of metal nanoparticles in the cathode. To enhance the electrochemical durability of metal catalysts and to prevent the particle agglomeration in PEMFC operation, this paper proposes a hybrid catalyst structure composed of PtCo alloy nanoparticles encapsulated by porous carbon layers. In the hybrid catalyst structure, the dissolution and migration of PtCo nanoparticles can be effectively prevented by protective carbon shells. In addition, $O_2$ can properly penetrate the porous carbon layers and react on the active Pt surface, which ensures high catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. Although the hybrid catalyst has a much smaller active surface area due to the carbon encapsulation compared to a commercial Pt catalyst without a carbon layer, it has a much higher specific activity and significantly improved durability than the Pt catalyst. Therefore, it is expected that the designed hybrid catalyst concept will provide an interesting strategy for development of high-performance fuel cell catalysts.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2019

Spherical $Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3$ (LVP) and carbon-coated LVP with a monoclinic phase for the cathode materials are synthesized by a hydrothermal method using $N_2H_4$ as the reducing agent and saccharose as the carbon source. The results show that single phase monoclinic LVP without impurity phases such as $LiV(P_2O_7)$, $Li(VO)(PO_4)$ and $Li_3(PO_4)$ can be obtained after calcination at $800^{\circ}C$ for 4 h. SEM and TEM images show that the particle sizes are $0.5{\sim}2{\mu}m$ and the thickness of the amorphous carbon layer is approximately 3~4 nm. CV curves for the test cell are recorded in the potential ranges of 3.0~4.3 V and 3.0~4.8 V at a scan rate of $0.01mV\;s^{-1}$ and at room temperature. At potentials between 3.0 and 4.8 V, the third $Li^+$ ions from the carbon-coated LVP can be completely extracted, at voltages close to 4.51 V. The carbon-coated LVP exhibits an initial specific discharge capacity of $118mAh\;g^{-1}$ in the voltage region of 3.0 to 4.3 V at a current rate of 0.2 C. The results indicate that the reducing agent and carbon source can affect the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of the cathode materials.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2023

In this study, the relationship between organic carbon distribution characteristics and decomposition rate classified according to the particle size and biological degradation characteristics in water was investigated for the Nam river and Geumho river. The average concentrations of TOC in the Nam river and Geumho river were 2.7±1.2 mg/L and 5.0±1.2 mg/L, respectively, but the composition ratios for each type of organic carbon were similar. An average value of 80.9% of TOC was present as DOC and 72.8% of DOC consisted of Refractory-DOC (RDOC). In addition, the change in the RDOC composition ratio according to temporal and spatial distribution was the smallest. There was no difference in the decomposition rate of organic carbon except for TOC by the site (p≥0.108, one-way ANOVA), and the decomposition rates of Labile-POC (LPOC) and LDOC were similar at 0.139±0.102 and 0.137±0.149 day^-1, respectively (p=0.110, paired t-test). The coefficient of variation (CV) of the decomposition rate of DOC (average 8.1%), which had the smallest composition ratio of organic carbon, was 1.1, showing the largest temporal variation. The TOC, POC, and DOC decomposition rates showed a significant correlation with the ratio of the initial concentration to the concentration after 25 days of decomposition (OC₂₅/OC₀) (r²=0.89~0.94, p<0.001), and the decomposition rates of LPOC and LDOC were significantly correlated with the ratio of the initial concentration to the concentration after 5 days of decomposition (LOC₅/LOC₀) (r²=0.67~0.75). This suggests that it is possible to estimate the decomposition rate through the concentration of each type of organic carbon.