• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.289-299
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• 2004

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) using various combination of binary catalysts and methane precursor. The maximum yield (10.3 %) of CNTs was obtained using a methane-hydrogen-nitrogen mixture with volume ratio of 1:1:2 at 1000 W of microwave power. As the microwave power increased up to 1000 W, the deposition yield of CNTs raised from 4.1 % to 10. 3 %. However, the prepared CNTs at 800 W showed the more crystalline structure than those prepared at 1000 W. The prepared CNTs over different binary catalysts had various structural conformations such as aligned cylinder, bamboo, and nanofibers. The Id/Ig value of CNTs over$Fe-Fe/Al_2O_3, $Co-Co/Al_2O_3, and $Co-Cu/Al_2O_3 were in the range of 0.89${\sim}$0.93. Among the various binary catalysts used, $Fe-Co./Al_2O_3 showed the highest yield.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.470-477
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• 2021

Energy storage systems should address issues such as power fluctuations and rapid charge-discharge; to meet this requirement, CoFe₂O₄ (CFO) spinel nanoparticles with a suitable electrical conductivity and various redox states are synthesized and used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. In particular, CFO electrodes combined with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can provide long-term cycling stability by fabricating binder-free three-dimensional electrodes. In this study, CFO-decorated CNFs are prepared by electrospinning and a low-cost hydrothermal method. The effects of heat treatment, such as the activation of CNFs (ACNFs) and calcination of CFO-decorated CNFs (C-CFO/ACNFs), are investigated. The C-CFO/ACNF electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 142.9 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s and superior rate capability of 77.6% capacitance retention at a high scan rate of 500 mV/s. This electrode also achieves the lowest charge transfer resistance of 0.0063 Ω and excellent cycling stability (93.5% retention after 5,000 cycles) because of the improved ion conductivity by pathway formation and structural stability. The results of our work are expected to open a new route for manufacturing hybrid capacitor electrodes containing the C-CFO/ACNF electrode that can be easily prepared with a low-cost and simple process with enhanced electrochemical performance.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.750-759
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• 2016

크라프트 리그닌-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) 그라프트 공중합체의 전기방사 나노섬유매트를 열처리와 이산화망간($MnO_2$) 전기증착법을 이용하여 리그닌 기반 탄소나노섬유 매트(lignin based carbon nanofiber mat, LCNFM)로 제조하고, 슈퍼캐퍼시터용 전극소재(electrode)로의 응용가능성에 대하여 조사하였다. 전기증착 처리시간이 길수록 $MnO_2$-LCNFM 표면의 흡착되는 이산화망간양이 증가하였으며, 이에 따른 탄소나노섬유의 직경과 이산화망간 흡착층이 증가하였다. $MnO_2$-LCNFM 전극의 전기 화학적 특성을 순환전압전류측정(cyclic voltammetry)을 통해 평가하였고, 최대 $168.0mF{\cdot}cm^{-2}$의 비축적용량을 보였다. $MnO_2$-LCNFM를 이용하여 $H_3PO_4$/Polyvinyl alcohol 겔 전해질로 제작한 하이브리드 슈퍼캐퍼시터(hybrid supercapacitor)는 약 90%의 전기용량 효율(capacitance efficiency)을 보였으며, 1,000회의 충 방전 시험에서 안정적인 거동을 나타냈다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2017

The biodegradation and water absorption properties of lignin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibrous webs are investigated. Lignin/PVA nanofibrous webs containing 0, 50, and 85wt% of lignin were prepared via an electrospinning process to observe the effect of the lignin concentration on the biodegradability and water absorption properties of lignin/PVA nanofibrous webs. The morphology of the materials was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). To understand the wetting behavior and hydrophilic nature of the electrospun lignin/PVA nanofibrous webs, the water absorbency, contact angle, and water uptake were examined. The enzymatic degradation of lignin/PVA nanofibrous webs was investigated using laccase by measuring total organic carbon (TOC) concentration over a course of 50 days. Water drops were absorbed immediately into all of the specimens. The water uptake of lignin/PVA nanofibrous webs increased as the amount of PVA in the lignin/PVA hybrid webs increased. The enzymatic degradation experiment indicated that the inherent biodegradability of lignin was retained after its transformation into nanofibers. Our findings imply that blending these two types of polymers is promising because it can lead to the development of a new range of multifunctional materials such as antimicrobial absorbent nanotextiles based on sustainable biopolymers.

• Composites Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of phosphoric acid (PA) as a fiber spinning aid on the strength increase of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nano-fibers by using modified mechano-electrospinning technologies has been analyzed. The medium carbonization temperature of $800^{\circ}C$ has been selected for the future economic production of these new materials. The concentration of PAN in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was fixed as 5 wt%. The weight fraction of PA was selected as being 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% in comparison to PAN. These solutions have been used to make the nanofibers. The mechano-electrospinning apparatus installed in KRICT was made by our own design. By using this apparatus the continous and highly aligned precursor nano-fibers have been obtained. The bundle of 50 well aligned nano diameter continuous fibers with the diametr of 10 microns with 6 wt% phosphoric acid for addition showed maximum mechanical properties of 1.6 GPa as tensile strength and 300 GPa as Young's modulus. The weight of final product can be increased 19%, which can improve the economical benefits for the application of these new materials.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2018

Carbon nanofibers (CNF) are widely used as active agents for electrodes in Li-ion secondary battery cells, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Nanoscale coatings on CNF electrodes can increase the output and lifespan of battery devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) can control the coating thickness at the nanoscale regardless of the shape, suitable for coating CNFs. However, because the CNF surface comprises stable C-C bonds, initiating homogeneous nuclear formation is difficult because of the lack of initial nucleation sites. This study introduces uniform nucleation site formation on CNF surfaces to promote a uniform $SnO_2$ layer. We pretreat the CNF surface by introducing $H_2O$ or $Al_2O_3$ (trimethylaluminum + $H_2O$) before the $SnO_2$ ALD process to form active sites on the CNF surface. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy both identify the $SnO_2$ layer morphology on the CNF. The $Al_2O_3$-pretreated sample shows a uniform $SnO_2$ layer, while island-type $SnO_x$ layers grow sparsely on the $H_2O$-pretreated or untreated CNF.

• 공업화학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2019

탄소 nanotube, nanofiber 및 powder를 사용하여 아세틸렌 흡착실험을 수행한 결과 탄소 nanotube가 최적의 흡착성분을 보였다. 이를 지지체로 하여 Pd 농도 0~5%, 흡착온도 $30{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ 및 $C_2H_2/CO_2$의 비 3~10의 범위에서 3-요인, 3-수준의 Box-Behnken Design(BBD)으로 15개의 실험 조건을 설계했다. 이를 바탕으로 2차 다항식 회귀분석으로 운전조건에 따른 흡착량 예측식을 도출하였다. ANOVA 분석의 F-value 측정에 따라 흡착온도가 가장 큰 영향지수를 보였고 $C_2H_2/CO_2$의 비는 가장 작은 영향지수 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 주요인자 간의 교호작용은 거의 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 흡착량 최적화 분석에서 Pd 농도 3.0%, 흡착온도 $47^{\circ}C$ 및 $C_2H_2/CO_2=10$인 조건에서 22.0 mmol/g이 흡착되는 것으로 계산되었고 실제 실험치에 95.9%의 정확도를 보였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2011

다중벽 탄소나노튜브(MWNT)의 표면이 산성기로 처리된 MWNT가 polyacrylonitrile(PAN) 섬유의 열적, 기계적 물성에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자 질산, 황산으로 처리한 MWNT(O-MWNT)를 디아조늄염 반응을 이용하여 MWNT 표면에 이소프탈산(isophthalic acid)을 추가로 도입하였다. O-MWNT와 비교하여 볼 때 이소프탈산으로 처리된 MWNT(IPA-MWNT)가 극성용매 내에서 더 우수한 분산 안정성을 나타내었으며 이를 호모 PAN과 혼합하여 필름을 제조한 후 공기 중에서 열안정화 반응을 모사하였을 때 호모 PAN과 비교시 발열량이 감소하였다. PAN 공중합체와 IPA-MWNT를 혼합한 용액을 전도성 수조 콜렉터를 이용하여 전기방사를 한 결과 연속상의 배향된 섬유제조가 가능하였다. 1 wt%의 IPA-MWNT를 포함한 연속상의 전기방사된 PAN 섬유는 순수한 PAN 섬유와 비교하여 볼 때 인장강도가 100% 증가하였으며, 탄성률은 160% 증가되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2016

Flower-like nickel oxide (NiO) catalysts were coated on NiCrAl alloy foam using a hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and chemical bonding properties of the NiO catalysts coated on the NiCrAl alloy foam were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. To obtain flower-like morphology of NiO catalysts on the NiCrAl alloy foam, we prepared three different levels of pH of the hydrothermal solution: pH-7.0, pH-10.0, and pH-11.5. The NiO morphology of the pH-7.0 and pH-10.0 samples exhibited a large size plate owing to the slow reaction of the hydroxide ($OH^-$) and nickel ions ($Ni^+$) in lower pH than pH-11.5. Flower-like NiO catalysts (${\sim}4.7{\mu}m-6.6{\mu}m$) were formed owing to the fast reaction of $OH^-$ and $Ni^{2+}$ by increased $OH^-$ concentration at high pH. Thus, the flower-like morphology of NiO catalysts on NiCrAl alloy foam depends strongly on the pH of the hydrothermal solution.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2020

지속가능한 플라스틱 산업은 크게 사용 후에 물과 이산화탄소로 분해되어 환경에 악영향을 주지 않는 생분해성 플라스틱과 대기 중의 탄소자원으로 광합성된 바이오매스로부터 전환된 원료를 사용하여 탄소 중립을 실현하는 바이오매스 기반 플라스틱으로 나누어진다. 그중 산업의 새로운 방향으로 바이오매스 기반 엔지니어링 플라스틱(EP) 및 천연 나노섬유를 이용한 강화 나노복합소재가 각광받고 있다. 이들 소재는 천연자원을 활용한다는 친환경성의 이점 외에도 석유계 플라스틱보다 뛰어난 차별화된 고기능성을 부여하여 고부가가치 플라스틱 시장에서의 경쟁력을 가진다. 대표적 바이오매스 기반 단량체인 isosorbide와 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid로부터 제조되는 폴리에스터, 폴리카보네이트 소재는 석유계 대비 높은 투명성, 기계적 특성, 열안정성, 기체 차단성 등으로 산업화의 선두에 있다. 더 나아가서 연속사용온도 150 ℃ 이상의 슈퍼 EP 소재에도 적용될 수 있는 가능성을 보였다. 나노셀룰로오스, 나노키틴 등의 자연계 나노섬유의 표면 친수성, 다관능기를 활용한 in situ 중합법을 이용하여 기존에 보고된 바 없는 기계적 물성 향상을 최소한의 나노필러 함량으로 이루어내었다. 본 총설에서 다루는 바이오매스 기반 tough-플라스틱은 환경이 요구하는 탄소 중립, 소비자가 요구하는 고기능성, 산업이 요구하는 접근성을 모두 만족함으로써 석유계 플라스틱을 대체해 나갈 것으로 기대한다.