• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.385-390
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• 2020

It rains heavily, such as long rain and typhoons, during a typical rainy season in Korea. In this season, several fuel contamination accidents by water and vehicular problems caused by water contaminated fuel occur. Many research groups have studied the effects of water contaminated fuel on vehicles and environment. However the characteristics of water contaminated fuel have not been studied. In this study, we prepared diesel samples with a constant ratio of water (0~30 volume %) using an emulsifier. Then, we analyzed these diesel samples for their representative fuel properties. In the analytical results, diesel with 30% water showed an increase in fuel properties such as density (823→883 kg/㎥), kinematic viscosity (2.601→6.345 ㎟/s), flash point (47→56℃), pour point (-22→2℃), CFPP (cold filter plugging point) (-17→20℃) and copper corrosion number (1a→2a). The low temperature characteristics, such as low pour point and CFPP, blocks the fuel filter in the cold season. In addition, water contaminated diesel decreases lubricity (190→410 ㎛) under high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) and derived cetane number (54.81→34.25). The low lubricity of fuel causes vehicle problem such as pump and injector damage owing to severe friction. In addition, the low cetane diesel fuel increases exhaust gases such as NOx and particulate matters (PM) owing to incomplete combustion. This study can be used to identify the problems caused by water contamination to vehicle and fuel facilities.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2022

Does the industrial complex of Korea leading the growth in manufacturing industry play the role of intensifying agglomeration effects? To answer this question, this study empirically analyzes the moderating effects of industrial complex on the relation between agglomeration externalities and regional productivity, which has not been covered by previous researches. To do so, analysis of panel data has been conducted using the regional level data for the period of 2010 to 2019. Empirical results are provided at different levels including the whole country, capital region and non-capital region. As a result, it was found that in non-capital region, environments to strengthen positive agglomeration externalities stemming from specialization and diversity in manufacturing through industrial complex whithin the region are built up. However, moderating effects of industrial complex is quite limited in capital region. This implies that the role of industrial complex needs to be importantly reconsidered in the perspective of maximization of agglomeration effects in manufacturing, revitalization of non-capital area and manufacturing innovation.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.353-362
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the mobility of newly graduated nurses from regions where their nursing schools were located to regions where they took up their first jobs, and to identify factors influencing nurses' mobility. Methods: Data from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey, collected annually from 2010 to 2014 by the Korea Employment Information Service, were analyzed. The sample consisted of 1,488 graduates and 1,229 nurses who were employed on a full-time basis in hospitals. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with geographic mobility. Results: Among the nurses working in hospitals, 69.2% had their first jobs in their nursing school regions and 11.3% in their high school regions. Fifty-two percent of the nurses worked in the capital region; 47.2% thereof had moved from a non-capital region. Nurses were more likely to work in their nursing school region when they were female, were older, graduated from a high school located in their nursing school region, graduated from a college (vs. university), had a lower nursing school performance, and expected lower monthly wage, compared with those who left their nursing school region. Conclusion: Education and remuneration policies are required to reduce geographical mobility to the capital region.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 1994

The external diseconomy has been accelerated by the megaspatial structure of metropolis such as Seoul Capital Region(below SCR), Korea in which the more than 10 million populations inhabit. The main course for It could be elaborated by the overconcentration of the urban and regional function of various kinds. The study is performed to analyze quantitatively the status quo of the region as described above and proceed into forecasting the future population trend, the land use at location for the increment of regional population and to set the location of new towns in Seoul Capital Region System projected by the methods in computer algorithm of descriptive models such as the simple and multiple regress ion analysis models, the gravity model and the facility location on a plane model analysis. The goal and object ive of the metropolitan planning are to decentralize the regional growth management to the optimum degree, which will not hinder the economic growth of the region, but the result of the study is that we can not discourage the functional concentration of Seoul Capital Region and, we have to provide the region with the appropriate new towns.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.117-142
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• 2010

National territorial policies require a series of dynamic simulations, which would facilitate effectiveness measuring and forecasting works geared towards territorial policies under consideration or implementation. This paper aims at designing an integrated prototype for the proposed territorial policies. After the simulation exercises for the Ochang Industrial Complex(OIC) in Chungbuk Province, this study firstly finds meaningful mismatch phenomena between housing and population increases as the in-migration time lag seems inevitable even after the housing construction is in a mature state. Secondly, the OIC development exerts more significant impact on the number of employees than that of business units. Thirdly, in- and out-migration orders are different during the first and second stages of OIC development. That is, Chungbuk Province records the largest in terms of in-migration volume, followed by the Capital and Non-Capital Regions. Even though Chungbuk Province ranks the top position in the out-migration volume, the rank of the Capital and Non-Capital Regions is reversed: the our-migration volume towards the Non-Capital Region outruns that of the Capital Region.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.444-460
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• 2010

This study analyzed the changes in climate elements that affects the opening and closing dates of the ski resorts, and the snowmaking. Climatology data from the weather stations adjacent to the ski resorts in the central region of Korea were analysed to understand the snowmakig status. The fan type snowmaker has been used in the capital region (over 94% of the whole snowmaking), while the gun type snowmaker has been used in Yongpyong. There has been obviously an increased trend of the daily minimum temperature in November in Daegwallyeong and a little decreased trend in Icheon after 1980s. That caused the effect on the opening dates of the ski resort in the capital region of Korea during 2000s. Closing dates of ski resorts were earlier in the capital region (with $2{\sim}4^{\circ}C$ of daily maximum temperature in mid-February) than in Yongpyong. The obviously increasing rate of the snowmelting day in Icheon also hardened the management and maintenance of the ski resorts in the capital region of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.161-176
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• 2013

This research analyzed Raise Capital type and Investment Efficiency for non-profit hospitals in Korea. 152 cases of financial information from 2007 to 2010 were utilized for analysis. As a result of analysis, Raise Capital for Borrowings to total assets was primarily used, taking around 40% on average, and the method of Raise Capital with significant difference among Medical Institutions was Liabilities in Excluded Borrowings to Total Assets and Capital Stock & Capital Reserves to Total Assets. Besides, the relation between Invested capital and Investment efficiency was opposite each other in the non-profit hospitals, and Region was an important element influencing over Productivity per Value Added. In addition, in the investment activity of non-profit hospitals in the light of Investment Efficiency, only hospitals among Medical Institution types had a character of Capital Intensive, and General Hospital and Geriatric & Long-term Medical Care Hospital among Medical Institution types showed a character of Labor Intensive in the light of Performance.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.561-579
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• 2008

The population concentration in Seoul has caused the chronic housing shortage. Accordingly the new towns in the Capital region were developed to alleviate overcrowding conditions in Seoul. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes of migration and commuting patterns according to new town development in the Capital region for the period of $1995{\sim}2005$. Further this study examines the changes of self-sufficiency level for new towns using jobs to housing ratio. During the last 10 years, the migration pattern in the Capital region has been pretty much followed the new town development. Such a migration pattern has influenced the commuting patterns, expanding the Seoul Metropolitan Area into northeastern par of the Capital region. The result reveals that self-sufficiency levels of new towns have become higher over the period of $1995{\sim}2005$, indicating that new towns are gradually strengthening their economic functions and have potential to become new business centers in the future. Therefore, the policy focusing on the increase of the job-housing balance ratio and self-sufficient level in new towns will be a desirable policy alternative to solve the transportation problems in the Capital region.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.119-137
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• 2020

Over the last two decades, the attitudes to cars have changed from buying a car to sharing a car, especially among young people. Shared transport services and autonomous vehicles together can resolve the accessibility issue of shared transport services. Furthermore, they will make it possible to develop a new model of apartments without car parking. Therefore, the study estimated the demand for car sharing by young people and the running efficiency of car-sharing dealing with their car-based trip demand. The study chose nine apartment complexes for study sites where a majority of the residents were young people. The questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on the trip demands of young people. The results showed that there are significant differences in the car-sharing use patterns and demand between the apartment houses located in the Capital region and non-capital region. Young people living in apartments in the Capital region used car sharing once per day per person for approximately 80 minutes per trip and tended to hire that between 8 AM and 10 AM. On the other hand, the young people living in apartments in the non-capital region used car sharing twice per day per person for approximately 200 minutes per trip. They tended to hire that frequently in the afternoon and evening as well as in the morning. The results also showed that a single car-sharing vehicle could deal with 3~4 trips per day in the Capital region and around 2 trips per day in the non-capital region.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-45
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• 1999

This study reviewed theories on entrepreneurial local governance and inquired the changing regional policy in Chonnam region. The region became exposure as the direct investment unit of global capital by globalization of capital, the inter-regional competition and the relative reduction of the role and function of nation state. Therefore local government have the relative autonomy and the region is effected as the chosen space by capital according to the free movement of capital. It has been argued that there has been a reorientation of urban governance away from the local provision of welfare and services to a more outward-orientated stance designed to foster and encourage local growth and economic development. These profound changes in the way that cities operate have seen the public sector taking over characteristics once distinctive to the private sector leading many commentators to term such modes of governance as entrepreneurial. In Chonnam region, many local governments are introducing entrepreneurial policies for regional development. It appears as place marketing strategy to attract capital and tourists. This strategy is very important to used identity or culture of region in order to make the attractive region. The entrepreneurial characteristics and strategies appear as image unification of region, commodity development of natural or cultural resource, event and business projects. From this point of view, the entrepreneurial policy that is based upon regional growth can cause the problem of social justice like distributional distortion and inequality.