• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.155-166
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• 2021

Objectives: To analyze correlation between CSEI-S and MMPI-2 subscales to provide evidence for clinical application of the CSEI-S. Methods: Survey data of CSEI-S and MMPI-2 from 109 university students were analyzed. Demographic characteristics were subjected to descriptive analysis. Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson's correlation analysis were performed for CSEI-S and MMPI-2 scores. Results: The CSEI-S scale Joy (喜) showed a negative correlation with MMPI-2 clinical scales Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, and Si. Six negative emotion scales of the CSEI-S showed positive correlations with MMPI-2 clinical scales except Mf and Ma. The CSEI-S scale Joy (喜) showed negative correlations with MMPI-2 restructured clinical scales RCd, RC1, RC2, and RC7. Six negative emotion scales of the CSEI-S showed positive correlations with restructured MMPI-2 clinical scales. The 60T-and-over group of MMPI-2 clinical scales D, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, Si, and Si showed significantly higher negative emotions than other groups. The 60T-and-over group of MMPI-2 scales D, Pt, Sc, and Si showed significantly lower Joy (喜) score than other groups. The 60T-and-over group of MMPI-2 restructured clinical scales RCd, RC2, RC3, RC6, RC7, RC8, and RC9 showed significantly higher negative emotions than other groups. The 60T-and-over group of MMPI-2 scales RCd, RC6, and RC7 showed significantly lower Joy (喜) scores than others. Conclusions: The CSEI-S showed consistent results with the original CSEI and MMPI-2 subscales. Thus, is a useful diagnostic tool in clinical practice.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between CSEI (The Core Seven-Emotions Inventory) and MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2). Methods: We analyzed the correlation between students' demographic characteristics, blood type, MMPI-2, and CSEI using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 24.0. Descriptive Statistical Analysis, independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), subsequent analysis duncan (post hoc multiple comparison), and correlation analysis were conducted. Results: 1. According to the demographic characteristics of 91 participants in this study: 60 males (65.9%), 88 unmarried (96.7%), 58 without religion (63.7%), 54 who have experienced stress in the last three months (59.4%), and 82 in their 20s (90.1%) comprised the majority. 2. As a result of verifying correlation by subfactors of CSEI, Hui (喜) showed statistically significant negative correlation with U (憂), Bi (悲), and Gong (恐). Six emotions except Hui (喜) showed statistically significant positive correlation, except for the relationship between U (憂) and Kyeong (驚). 3. Hui (喜) of CSEI had negative correlation with eight factors of MMPI-2 Clinical Scales except Pa (Paranoia) and Ma (Hypomania), whereas Bi (悲) had positive correlation with nine factors of MMPI-2 clinical scales except Mf (Masculinity-Femininity). Sa (思), Bi (悲), and Gong (恐) had similar tendency of positive correlation with six factors of MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales. Conclusions: Based on the above results, we concluded that CSEI's sub factors had consistent correlations with MMPI-2. Thus, CSEI could contribute to psychiatry clinical use.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.125-139
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• 2023

Objectives: This was a preliminary study to re-verify the reliability and validity of the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-Short Form (CSEI-s) and to establish standards for an objective scoring system such as T-scores and percentile for the normative group. Methods: Subjects were sampled through population-proportional regional allocation based on adults aged 20 or older and 65 or younger who voluntarily consented. Reliability was analyzed by performing an internal consistency (Cronbach's α) test and calculating means and standard deviations for each scale. The validity was analyzed between the CSEI-s and STAXI-K, SADS, COMOSWB, HADS, K-PANAS, Core emotions VAS. Results: The CSEI-s revealed notable gender discrepancies in aspects such as thought (思), fear (恐), and fright (驚), with women generally scoring higher than men. CSEI-s scores showed statistically significant differences in joy (喜) and thought (思) between those in their 20s and those in their 50s and 60s. As a result of the validity analysis, the seven-factor configuration was found to be statistically valid, and as a result of the correlation analysis with the coexistence scale, the correlation between each emotion and the seven emotions was found to be statistically significant. Cronbach's α for the CSEI-s was .891, showing statistically significant reliability. Conclusions: A preliminary study was conducted to standardize the shortened form of the Core Emotion Scale, and the reliability and validity were confirmed. A main survey of more people should be conducted in the future. Future results can contribute to revitalizing the development of oriental medicine evaluation tools and establishing an evidence base by standardizing the CSEI-s.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.72-85
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• 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation of the scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-II (STAI-II), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form (CSEI-s) scales with pain improvement. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the medical records of 66 traffic accident inpatients who satisfy the selection criteria. They had received Korean medical treatment including acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, and Chuna during hospitalization. STAI-II, BDI, and CSEI-s scores on hospital day 1, and STAI-I and numerical rating scale(NRS) scores on hospital day 1, 4, 7, and 10 were used for analysis. Pain improvement was evaluated by difference in NRS scores between hospital day 1 and hospital day 4, 7, 10. Results: The STAI-I, BDI, and CSEI-s scores showed significant correlations with pain or pain improvement. Conclusions: This study may be used in the research on psychological state and pain management of traffic accident patients and for patient education. Large-scale, well-designed studies need to be conducted in future to strengthen the results in this regard.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Objectives: The objective of this study was to confirm the Chiljeong (七情) characteristics of Hwa-byung patients using the core seven-emotions inventory-short form. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study based on the electronic medical records from a Korean medicine hospital. We included patients who were diagnosed with Hwa-byung and examined with Core Seven-Emotions Inventory-short Form (CSEI-S) during hospitalization periods. We presented the characteristics of Hwa-byung by demographic information, CSEI-S, Hwa-byung scale, and Korean Symptom Checklist 95. A correlation analysis was performed between CSEI-S and other clinical and psychological characteristics. Results: The Chiljeong characteristics of Hwa-byung were high in the order of Sorrow (悲), Thought (思), Fear (恐), Fright (驚), Depression (憂), Joy (喜), and Anger (怒). There was no significant difference between each emotion. After combined Korean medical treatment, Sorrow (悲) and Thought (思) significantly decreased. There were static correlations between sorrow (悲) and fright (驚), thought (思) and sorrow (悲), depression (憂) and sorrow (悲), depression (憂) and fright (驚), thought (思) and depression (憂), fear (恐) and fright (驚), anger (怒) and thought (思), thought (思) and fright (驚), sorrow (悲) and fear (恐). Sorrow (悲) and Hwa-byung characteristics scale showed static correlation. Joy (喜) showed a static correlation with disharmony between the heart and kidney scores of the Hwa-byung pattern identification. Between KSCL-95 and CSEI-S, static correlation appeared in depression (憂) with depression, anxiety, and sleep problem scale, sorrow (悲) with depression and anxiety, fright (驚) with depression and obsessive symptoms. Conclusions: Despite several limitations due to the study design and small sample size, this research successfully used CSEI-S to study the Chiljeong (七情) characteristics of Hwa-byung for the first time.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2020

Objectives: The study evaluated middle-aged women using the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form (CSEI-s) followed by a correlation analysis with Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Methods: In this study, the medical records of 47 women who visited W University Oriental Medicine Hospital and completed the CSEI-s and MRS were evaluated. A total of 47 women were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science, IBM, United States of America, Version 23.0). Frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and correlation analysis were conducted. Results: 1. Approximately one-third of all subjects were more than cautious expressing joy and fright. 2. According to their educational status, high-school graduates thought they were superior to those with a bachelor's degree or above. 3. Anger was expressed with caution in the group with severe menopausal symptoms. 4. Anger, thought, depression, sorrow, fear, and fright showed a positive correlation with MRS scores. 5. Among premenopausal and postmenopausal women, fright was associated with menopausal symptoms and response by the autonomous nervous system. Conclusions: The results suggest that CSEI-s can be used to measure the psychological symptoms of middle-aged women.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2023

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report that patients with panic disorder were able to discontinue the psychotropic medication through Korean Medicine treatment alone. Methods : The patient diagnosed with panic disorder were hospitalized on the 9th and were treated steadily through outpatient treatment afterwards with herbal medicine, acupuncture, cupping therapy, and Whidam's Sugi therapy while taking the chemical. Treatment effects were evaluated through BAI, BDI, STAI-X-1, CSEI-s, GIS, NDI-K, and EQ-5D measurements. Results & Conclusions : The patient's anxiety was relieved and the psychotropic medication was discontinued, but it did not recur. And after inpatient treatment, he has been steadily receiving outpatient treatment on a regular basis, maintaining an improved state and leading a normal daily life.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to conduct a characteristic study on Bell's palsy patients using the Core Seven Emotion Inventory (CSEI) followed by correlation analysis with BAI and BDI. Methods: This study was conducted by analyzing medical records of 30 patients that had visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University Oriental hospital and completed the Core Seven Emotions Inventory (CSEI), BAI and BDI. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with Bell's palsy were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science, IBM, United States of America, Version 22.0). Descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, One-way repeated measure, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results: 1. Kyeong (驚), Bi (悲) and Gong (恐) emotions were relatively higher than U (憂), Hui (喜). 2. According to sex, female patients exhibited higher Kyeong (驚) and Gong (恐) emotions than male patients. 3. According to age, patients older than 60 exhibited higher Hui (喜) emotion than patients younger than 59. 4. According to the correlation between prognosis and age in patients older than 60 revealed negative correlation in Kyeong (驚) and Gong (恐) emotions. Conclusions: Using the Core Assessment Instrument based on Chiljeong for Bell's palsy patients is effective relative to diagnostic and clinical aspects of Bell's palsy.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.241-257
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• 2022

Objectives: To investigate emotional characteristics of healthy adults using the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-Short Form (CSEI-s) and to investigate the correlation between the CSEI-s and Korean version of the Perceived Stress Scale (K-PSS). Methods: Overall, 2,178 healthy adults aged ≥19 years who completed the CSEI-s and K-PSS in a nationwide multicenter study were included in this study. One-way analysis of variance was performed to identify associations of seven emotions with sociodemographic characteristics. Bonferroni corrected post-hoc tests were performed for multiple comparisons. Pearson's correlation analyses were conducted to examine the correlation between each emotion and stress. Results: Scores of all emotions except for joy (喜) and stress were significantly greater in women than in men. However, the score of joy (喜) in women was significantly less than that in men. There were significant differences in joy (喜), thought (思), depression (憂), fear (恐), and fright (驚) according to age groups in both men and women. The score of depression (憂) was significantly lower in women attending or graduating from graduate school than in those attending or graduating from undergraduate school. Significantly lower scores in joy (喜), thought (思), depression (憂), sorrow (悲), fear (恐), and fright (驚) were observed in married men than in single men. There were significant positive correlations between depression (憂) and stress and between sorrow (悲) and stress in both men and women. Conclusions: There were significant associations of seven emotions with sociodemographic characteristics in healthy adults.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2022

Objectives: To perform correlation analysis between the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-Short Form (CSEI-s), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and gastroscopic findings and to compare emotional characteristics with upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings. Methods: In this study, medical records of 38 participants who visited the hospital for examination purposes or complained upper gastrointestinal symptoms and completed the CSEI-s, BAI, BDI, and Questionnaire for upper gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 25.0. Frequency Analysis, Descriptive Analysis, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney's U-test, and Correlation analysis were performed. Results: The upper gastrointestinal symptom group showed higher levels of anger, sorrow, depression, and anxiety than the asymptomatic group. On gastroscopy, the normal group had higher levels of Joy than the abnormal group. The reflux esophagitis group showed higher levels of thought, depression, sorrow, and anxiety than the non-reflux esophagitis group. Joy showed a negative correlation with BDI score. However, anger, depression, sorrow, BAI, and BDI score showed positive correlations. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that CSEI-s can be used to treat patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and reflux esophagitis.