• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major health burden worldwide, with over 600 million confirmed cases and 6 million deaths by 15 December 2022. Although the acute phase of COVID-19 management has been established, the long-term clinical course and complications due to the relatively short outbreak is yet to be assessed. The current COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Interestingly, epidemiological studies have shown that fatality rates vary considerably across different countries, and men and elderly patients are at higher risk of developing severe diseases. There is increasing evidence that COVID-19 infection causes neurological deficits in a substantial proportion to patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, lack of physical activity and smoking are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) susceptibility. We should therefore explore why lack of physical activity, smoking, etc causing a population more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and mechanism involved. Thus, in this review article, we summarize epidemiological evidence related to risk factors and lifestyle that affect COVID-19 severity and the mechanism involved. These risk factors or lifestyle interventions include smoking, cardiovascular health, obesity, exercise, environmental pollution, psychosocial social stress, and diet.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.282-300
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore what social media posts tell us about family life during the COVID-19 pandemic by examining the keywords and topics underlying posts on blogs and online forums. Our criteria for web crawling were (a) blog and forum posts on Naver and Daum, the top portal sites in Korea, (b) posts between February 23 and April 19, 2020, the period of the first heightened social distancing orders, and (c) inclusion of "COVID" and "family" or "COVID" and "home." We analyzed 351,734 posts using TF-IDF values and topic modeling based on latent Dirichlet allocation. We identified and named 22 topics including COVID-19 prevention, family infection, family health, dietary life and changes, religious life, stuck at home, postponed school year, family events, travel and vacations, concerns about family and friends, anxiety and stress, disaster and damage, COVID-19 warning text messages, family support policies, Shin-cheon-ji and Daegu. The results show that COVID-19 impacted various domains of family life including health, food, housing, religion, child care, education, rituals, and leisure as well as relationships and emotions.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.467-475
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• 2023

Background: To mitigate the spread of Covid-19, nurses infected with the virus were required to isolate themselves from their families and community. Isolated patients were reported to have experienced mental distress, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and suicide. Though studies have reported the psychological impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, less is known about the lived experiences of nurses who survived Covid-19 infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to study the lived experiences of registered nurses who survived Covid-19 disease. In-depth interviews were conducted among nurses diagnosed with Covid-19 from two hospitals in Kenya between March and May, 2021. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit registered nurses. Data were analyzed using Giorgi's steps of analysis. Results: The study included ten nurses between 29 and 45 years of age. Nurses' experiences encompassed three themes: diagnosis reaction, consequences, and coping. Reactions to the diagnosis included fear, anxiety, and sadness. The consequence of the diagnosis and isolation was stigma, isolation, and loneliness. Nurses coping mechanisms included acceptance, creating routines, support, and spirituality. Conclusion: Our findings aid in understanding how nurses experienced Covid-19 infection as patients and will provide evidence-based content for supporting nurses in future pandemics. Moreover, as we acknowledge the heroic contribution of frontline healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic, it is prudent to recognize the considerable occupational risk as they balance their duty to care, and the risk of infection to themselves and their families.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.129-138
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• 2022

After the spread of COVID-19 in China, Chinese medical workers bear the high-intensity work, these problems reduced psychological well-being. Psychological well-being will affect the members'behavior and job performance. Authentic leadership can improve the members'psychological well-being. This study focuses on the psychological well-being and explores how authentic leadership in the process of affecting the psychological well-being, to find out the mediating role of the leaders' relational conflict and the job stress. This study found that authentic leadership in the process of improving the members'psychological well-being, job stress will play a negative mediating effect. Under the background of COVID-19 era, this study helps to improve the psychological well-being level of medical staff.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.73-80
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the stress, social support, and happiness in undergraduate nursing students who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify factors affecting happiness. The survey was conducted from December 18, 2022 to January 5, 2023. The subjects were 195 first and second grades nursing students attending two universities located in G city. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Games-Howell test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Statistically, happiness showed a significantly negative correlation stress(r=-.17, p=.017) and positive correlation with social support(r=.68, p<.001). Influencing factors on happiness were social support(β=.63, p<.001) and department satisfaction(β =.30, p<.001) accounting for 49.7% of the total change. In order to improve the happiness of nursing students based on the results of this study, strategies and programs that can increase social support and department satisfaction are needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.274-290
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• 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of prenatal education characteristics, pandemic-related pregnancy stress, and health behaviors during pregnancy on prenatal depression in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The participants were 180 pregnant Korean women, recruited from internet communities for pregnancy preparation, childbirth, and childcare, from July 5 to 15, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, the Mann-Whitney U-test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The scores for pandemic-related pregnancy stress (24.50±6.37) and health behaviors during pregnancy (67.07±9.20) were high. Nearly half of the participants (n=89, 49.4%) presented with prenatal depression, with scores of 10 or greater. Prenatal depression had a positive correlation with gestational age (r=.18, p=.019) and pandemic-related pregnancy stress (r=.27, p<.001), and a negative correlation with health behaviors during pregnancy (r=-.42, p<.001). The factors associated with prenatal depression were pandemic-related pregnancy stress (t=4.70, p<.001), marital satisfaction (dissatisfied) (t=3.66, p<.001), pregnancy healthcare practice behaviors (t=-3.31, p=.001), family type (weekend couple) (t=2.84, p=.005), and gestational age (t=2.32, p=.022). The explanatory power of these variables was 38.2%. Conclusion: Since participants had a high level of prenatal depression during the pandemic, and infectious diseases such as COVID-19 may recur, strategies should be developed to improve pregnant women's mental health with consideration of the unique variables that are relevant in a pandemic. It is also necessary to develop efficient online prenatal education programs that can be implemented even in special circumstances such as social distancing, and to evaluate their effectiveness.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.65-76
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• 2022

The purpose of this study aimed to identify the level of knowledge & preventive health behaviors related to COVID-19, self-efficacy, anxiety, and perceived stress of students at a nursing college and to investigate the correlation between them. The data were collected from 133 students at a nursing college in Seoul, Korea, from April 15, 2022 to May 10, 2022 through a Google online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 to perform descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. As a result of analyzing the difference according to general characteristics, preventive health behavior showed a significant difference according to the necessity of COVID-19 infection control education, and self-efficacy showed a difference according to the subjective health status. The degree of instability of the subjects was shown to have significant differences according to grade and subjective health status, and perceived stress showed significant differences according to subjective health status. The result of analyzing the correlation between preventive health behavior and knowledge, self-efficacy, anxiety, and perceived stress showed that there was no significant correlation, but self-efficacy had a significant negative correlation with anxiety and perceived stress, and anxiety had a significant positive correlation with perceived stress. The results of this study will be used as basic data for education programs and countermeasures to prevent COVID-19 infections.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2024

Purpose : In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students' adjustment to college life by focusing on their empathic ability, perceived stress, and resilience. Methods : We applied a descriptive survey research design, which included a self-report questionnaire. The participants comprised 307 nursing students in B city. The data were analyzed by calculating the percentages, means, standard deviations, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression using SPSS 23.0. Results : The participants' empathic ability score was 3.30±.42, perceived stress score 1.85±.49, resilience score 3.44±.64, and adjustment to college life score 3.25±.52. Adjustment to college life was positively correlated with resilience (r=.43, p<.001) but negatively correlated with perceived stress (r=.27, p<.001). Factors affecting adjustment to college life include, among general characteristics in Model 1, in descending order, major satisfaction-satisfied (β=.54, p<.001), interpersonal conflict: never (β=.26, p=.018), health status: healthy (β=.25, p=.002), character: positive (β=.21, p=.006), character: optimistic (β=.19, p=.015), parents' economic power: high (β=.15, p=.047), and gender: male (β=.11, p=.016). Model 1 was statistically significant (F=11.67, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 41 %. In Model 2, empathic ability, perceived stress, and resilience were added as independent variables. When including the dependent variables, the factors that most influenced adjustment to college life were perceived stress (β=-.37, p<.001), major satisfaction-satisfied (β=.36, p<.001), health status-healthy (β=.25, p<.001), gender-male (β=.10, p=.015), and resilience (β=.10, p=.029). Model 2 was statistically significant (F=17.65, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 56 %. Conclusion : We found that gender, major satisfaction, health status, perceived stress, and resilience affected adjustment to college life among nursing students who had experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. To increase their ability to adjust to college life, a gender-specific intervention program should be developed that can improve the students' health status, major satisfaction and resilience, and reduce their perceived stress.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.239-248
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• 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the factors influencing teacher efficacy of depression, anxiety, stress among school teachers in COVID- 19 special disaster area. The data were collected from May 9 to 16, 2020 for 123 high school teachers in D city. As a result of the study, the influential factor of teacher efficacy was satisfaction with duty (β=0.27, p=.002), economic level (β=0.18, p=.022), education (β=0.18, p=.022), subjective health state (β=0.16, p=.047), stress (β=-0.16, p=.044), gender(β=0.16, p=.042). These factors accounted for 35% in teacher efficacy. It was found that depression(β=-0.09, p=.468) and anxiety(β=-0.12, p=.320) had no significant effect on teacher efficacy. When developing a program to improve teacher efficacy, it is required to prepare measures not only to manage stress but also to improve job satisfaction.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.121-129
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting nursing practice of clinical nurses in the COVID-19 situation and provide basic data that could improve nursing practice in the pandemic situation. For this descriptive research, a survey was conducted to collect data from 119 clinical nurses in G City for six weeks from June 15 to July 20, 2022. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used. The results showed that infection control practice (r=.428, p<.001) and resilience (r=.324, p<.001) were statistically significantly correlated with nursing practice. As a factor affecting nursing practice of clinical nurses, infection control practice (B=.529, p<.001) had an explanatory power of 18.3%. This result is thought to be due to the fact that COVID-19 infection control acted as a new burden on nursing work in the COVID-19 pandemic, and recovery elasticity and job stress did not have an influence. It is however necessary to help clinical nurses relieve job stress and perform high-quality nursing through regular counseling for clinical nurses suffering severe job stress.