• Title/Summary/Keyword: COB

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Occurrence of a Natural Interspecific Hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and R. notatus in Sangcheon Stream of the Han River, Korea (한강수계 상천천에서 한강납줄개 Rhodeus pseudosericeus와 떡납줄갱이 R. notatus의 종간 자연잡종 출현)

  • Kwak, Yeong-Ho;Kim, Keun-Yong;Kim, Keun-Sik;Song, Ha-Yun
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.275-285
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    • 2020
  • Two specimens presumed to be hybrids of Rhodeus pseudosericeus and R. notatus were collected from the Sangcheon Stream of the Han River, Korea. The body color of natural hybrid individuals was yellowish brown, showing the intermediate characteristics of R. pseudosericeus and R. notatus, but overall, the characteristics of R. notatus were similar. Meristic and morphometric characters, the number of dorsal fin rays, anal fin rays and longitudinal row scales showed a hybrid index (HI) of 0, indicating the characters of R. notatus. The hybrid index of predorsal length (HI=74.6), preanal length (HI=75.3), and preventral length (HI=77.6) were similar to the characters of the R. pseudosericeus. Also four characters were appeared to have intermediate characters between R. pseudosericeus and R. notatus; number of gill rakers (HI=55.3), body depth (HI=67.9), snout length (HI=43.4), and inter orbital width (HI=44.8). The rest of 14 characters deviated between 0 and 100, showing unique characteristics of hybrid individuals. Recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) analysis, hybrids were identified as natural hybrids due to the overlapping peaks of their parent species. Also, as a result of analysis using the cytochrome b gene (COB), one individual was derived from R. pseudosericeus, while the other was derived from R. notatus.

Effect of Ground Corn Cob Replacement for Cassava Chip on Feed Intake, Rumen Fermentation and Urinary Derivatives in Swamp Buffaloes

  • Wanapat, M.;Pilajun, R.;Kang, S.;Setyaningsih, K.;Setyawan, A.R.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.25 no.8
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    • pp.1124-1131
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    • 2012
  • Four Thai - rumen fistulated male swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), about four years old with $400{\pm}20kg$ liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to receive dietary treatments. The treatments were: ground corn cob (GCC) replacement for cassava chip (CC) in concentrate at 0% (T1); GCC replacement at 33% (T2); GCC replacement at 67% (T3); and GCC replacement at 100% (T4), respectively. During the experiment, concentrate was offered at 0.5% BW while 5% urea-treated rice straw was given at ad libitum. The result revealed that there was no effect of GCC replacement on DMI among treatments. In addition, digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were not different while aNDF linearly increased with an increasing level of GCC replacement. However, GCC replacement did not affect rumen fermentation such as ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N and VFA concentration; except C3 proportion which was the highest at 33% replacement while the lowest was at 100% replacement. All replacements of GCC resulted in similar protozoal and bacterial populations and microbial protein synthesis (MPS). Purine derivatives (PD) concentration in urine and PD to creatinine (PDC) index were varied with time of urination and among treatments at 0 to 8 and 8 to 16 h post feeding and higher values were shown among the GCC replacement groups. However at 16 to 24 h-post feeding, it was untraceable. In addition, creatinine concentration was similar among all treatments at every sampling time. Based on the above results, GCC can be used as an energy source for swamp buffalo fed with rice straw. Spot sampling of urine can be used for purine derivatives determination.

Occupational Injuries Among Construction Workers by Age and Related Economic Loss: Findings From Ohio Workers' Compensation, USA: 2007-2017

  • Harpriya Kaur;Steven J. Wurzelbacher;P. Tim Bushnell;Stephen Bertke;Alysha R. Meyers;James W. Grosch;Steven J. Naber;Michael Lampl
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.406-414
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    • 2023
  • Background: This study examined age-group differences in the rate, severity, and cost of injuries among construction workers to support evidence-based worker safety and health interventions in the construction industry. Methods: Ohio workers' compensation claims for construction workers were used to estimate claim rates and costs by age group. We analyzed claims data auto-coded into five event/exposure categories: transportation incidents; slips, trips, and falls (STFs); exposure to harmful substances and environments; contact with objects and equipment (COB); overexertion and bodily reaction. American Community Survey data were used to determine the percentage of workers in each age group. Results: From 2007-2017, among 72,416 accepted injury claims for ~166,000 construction full-time equivalent (FTE) per year, nearly half were caused by COB, followed by STFs (20%) and overexertion (20%). Claim rates related to COB and exposure to harmful substances and environments were highest among those 18-24 years old, with claim rates of 313.5 and 25.9 per 10,000 FTE, respectively. STFs increased with age, with the highest claim rates for those 55-64 years old (94.2 claims per 10,000 FTE). Overexertion claim rates increased and then declined with age, with the highest claim rate for those 35-44 years old (87.3 per 10,000 FTE). While younger workers had higher injury rates, older workers had higher proportions of lost-time claims and higher costs per claim. The total cost per FTE was highest for those 45-54 years old ($1,122 per FTE). Conclusion: The variation in rates of injury types by age suggests that age-specific prevention strategies may be useful.

INFRARED PHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF FIELD POPULATION II STARS

  • LEE SANG-GAK;BRUCE W. CARNEY;ROBERT PROBST
    • Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 1997
  • Near infrared JHK magnitudes are presented for two hundred two high proper motion stars. We have observed high proper motion stars in the near-infrared bands(JHK) using the COB detector on the Kitt Peak 1.3m, 2.1m and 4m telescopes. The observations and data reduction procedures are described. The infrared color magnitude diagram and color-color diagrams for the program stars are presented.

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갱내 황산염환원시설(IASRS)을 이용한 산성광산배수 처리에 관한 연구

  • 지상우;이상훈;유상희;김재욱;김선준
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2003.09a
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    • pp.184-187
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    • 2003
  • To solve the problems of operating passive mine drainage treatment systems, the In Adit Sulfate Reducing System(IASRS) was suggested. By placing the SAPS inside the adit, the condition of constant temperature of 10~15$^{\circ}C$ can be maintained. The experiments using the models made up by four sections showd good efficiencies in pH control and metal removal rate, but showed still low sulfate removal rate of about 30% with high COB in the begining of the operation.

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Development of RF IC, Signal Processing IC and Software for Portable GPS Receiver (휴대 GPS 수신기용 RF IC, 신호처리 IC 및 소프트웨어 개발)

  • Ryum, Byung R.;Koo, Kyung Heon;Song, Ho Jun;Jee, Gyu In
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.23-34
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    • 1997
  • A multi-channel digital GPS receiver has been developed including a RF-to-IF engine (engine 1), a digital signal processing engine (engine 2) with a microprocessor interfacing, and a navigation software. A high speed SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) as a active device has been mounted on chip-on-board (COB) type hybrid ICs such as LNA, mixer, and VCO in RF front-end of the engine 1 board. A 6-channel digital correlator together with a real-time clock and a microprocessor interface has been realized using an Altera Flex 10K FPGA as well as ASIC technology. Navigation software controlling the correlator for GPS signal tracking, retrieval and storing a message retrieval, and position calculation has been implemented. The GPS receiver was tested using a single channel STR2770 simulator. Successful navigation message retrieval and position determination was confirmed.

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A Study on Aspheric Optics European LED Streetlights Type for the Prevention of Light Pollution (빛 공해 방지를 위한 유럽형 LED 가로등용 비구면 광학계에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Shi-Woo;Lee, Chang-Soo;Hyun, Dong-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.429-436
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    • 2013
  • In this study, we researched a pendant-type aspherical optical system, which could be applied to street lighting and security lighting in Europe. The goal of this research was eco-friendly artificial lighting that could be used for the one-to-one replacement of ordinary lighting. LED lighting was miniaturized by using one COB LED Module and one aspherical optical system, which could control the luminosity of the LED. Through the aspherical optical system, the light distribution angle could be controlled in a range of $140^{\circ}$ for the X-axis and $40^{\circ}$ for the Y-axis. This means that this optical system is appropriate for catenary-type lighting, which is widely used in Europe on both narrow and broad roads. The performance was determined using a lighting simulation program. This lighting system simulation showed that road rates M4 and M5 could be satisfied, with the condition of a 13-m height and 50-m distance (U0 and TI). The simulation program estimated that light pollution, which disturbs sleep, could beeliminated in the European streetlight case. Determining methods for the light distribution control, performance, and optimal lighting setup conditions is very important to prevent light pollution. Moreover, the initial step of developing the lighting system design and post management will require an effort with much analysis.

Itaconic and Fumaric Acid Production from Biomass Hydrolysates by Aspergillus Strains

  • Jimenez-Quero, A.;Pollet, E.;Zhao, M.;Marchioni, E.;Averous, L.;Phalip, V.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.26 no.9
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    • pp.1557-1565
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    • 2016
  • Itaconic acid (IA) is a dicarboxylic acid included in the US Department of Energy's (DOE) 2004 list of the most promising chemical platforms derived from sugars. IA is produced industrially using liquid-state fermentation (LSF) by Aspergillus terreus with glucose as the carbon source. To utilize IA production in renewable resource-based biorefinery, the present study investigated the use of lignocellulosic biomass as a carbon source for LSF. We also investigated the production of fumaric acid (FA), which is also on the DOE's list. FA is a primary metabolite, whereas IA is a secondary metabolite and requires the enzyme cis-aconitate decarboxylase for its production. Two lignocellulosic biomasses (wheat bran and corn cobs) were tested for fungal fermentation. Liquid hydrolysates obtained after acid or enzymatic treatment were used in LSF. We show that each treatment resulted in different concentrations of sugars, metals, or inhibitors. Furthermore, different acid yields (IA and FA) were obtained depending on which of the four Aspergillus strains tested were employed. The maximum FA yield was obtained when A. terreus was used for LSF of corn cob hydrolysate (1.9% total glucose); whereas an IA yield of 0.14% was obtained by LSF of corn cob hydrolysates by A. oryzae.

Characterization and Xylanase Productivity of Streptomyces sp. YB914 (Xylanase를 생산하는 Streptomyces sp. YB914의 특성과 효소 생산성)

  • Yoon, Ki-Hong
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.383-388
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    • 2009
  • A strain YB914 was isolated from soil as a producer of the extracellular xylanase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of oat spelt xylan. The strain YB914 was identified as Streptomyces sp. on the basis of its morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. The xylanase of culture filtrate was the most active at $55^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5, and retained 80% of its maximum activity at the range of pH 4.5~7.0. In order to optimize the culture medium for xylanase production, ingredients of G.S.S medium were replaced by several carbohydrates. The carbohydrates such as oat spelt xylan, corn cob xylan, wheat bran and lactose increased the xylanase productivity of Streptomyces sp. YB914. However, xylanase production was greatly repressed by galactose or arabinose. The maximum xylanase productivity was reached to 48 U/mL in the modified medium containing 1% oat spelt xylan and 1.5% lactose.