• 대한화학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2004

피코초 시간분해능 전자 회절 분광법(TRED)을 이용하여 $CClF_3$ 분자의평형 구조를 연구하였다. 이 분광법의 분해능은 전자파의 선폭에 의하여 결정된다. 본 연구 방법에 의하여 결정된 $CClF_3$ 분자의 결합 길이들을 고전적인 실시간 전자회절 분광법(GED/RT)에 의하여 보고된 결과들과 비교하였다. GED/RT 방법에 의하여 결정된 C-F 결합 길이와 C-Cl 결합 길이는 각각 132.00(2) pm, 175.20(3) pm이고, TRED 방법에 의하여 결정된 C-F, C-Cl 결합 길이는 각각 132.23(13) pm, 177.23(19) pm 로써 이 두 실험 방법에 의하여 결정된 분자 결합 길이는 좋은 일치성을 보여준다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.665-674
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• 2000

A major source of the hazardous waste generated is from chemical industries producing plastics, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated solvents. All of these processes produce a class if hazardous waste termed the chlorinated hydrocarbons(CHCs), either directly or from undesirable side reactions. In this study, we investigated the destruction characteristics of hazardous waste through incineration. A nonequilibrium combustion model was used to describe the effect of the chemical kinetics due to the flame inhibition characteristics of $CCl_4$ which was used as the surrogate of hazardous waste. A parametric screening studies was made in a dump incinerator proposed in this study. The dump incinerator showed high $CCl_4$ DRE(Destruction and Removal Efficiency) as 5 nines. $CCl_4$/CH$_4$ ratio appeared to be most important in the destruction of $CCl_4$ through incineration.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2006

Sachungwhan reduced hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$). Improved liver function was observed by measuring the activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine(CRE), total cholesterol(TCHO), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-CHO), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB) and total bilirubin(BIL) in serum. Hepatic parameters monitored were levels of cholesterol(CHO), triglyceride(TG), malondialdehyde(MDA), content of cytochrome P450(CYP), level of glutathione(GSH), and activities of NADPH-CYP reductase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR), glutathione peroxidase(GPx). The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of Sachungwhan relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by $CCl_4$. The results suggested that hepatoprotective effects of Sachungwhan possibly are due to their promising antioxidative activity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate protective effects of Sayeoksanhap-Pyeongweisan-Gamiban(SPG) on hematological changes in rats damaged by CCl4 Methods : We investigated the effects of SPG on hematological changes in terms of AST/ALT levels, Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum and lipid peroxidation in rat liver. Results : Administration of SPG decreased AST level in serum effectively. In addition, lipid peroxidation in liver tissue, which was elevated by injection of CCl4, was decreased by administration of SPG. In contrast, ALT level, Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were not affected by administration of SPG. Conclusion : These results suggest that oral administration of SPG was useful to protect liver against CCl4 by its antioxidant action in liver tissues.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2001

${\beta}-Glucuronidase-inhibitory$ and hepatoprotective effects of Chungpesagan-tang, which has been used for liver diseases and stroke, on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity of rats was investigated. Chungpesagan-tang potently inhibited ${\beta}-glucuronidases$. Serum AST, ALT and LDH levels of the $CCl_4$ group orally treated with Chungpesagan-tang (100 mg/kg) were lowered to 47, 28 and 58% of the $CCl_4-treated$ group, respectively. Among the ingredients of Chungpesagan-tang, Puerariae Radix, Scutellariae Radix and Rhei Rhizoma potently inhibited the ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and protected $CCl_4-induced$ liver injury. The hepatoprotective activity of Puerariae Radix was affected by ingredients of Chungpesagan-tang: Scutellariae Radix had the synergistic activity, but Angelicae Tenussimae Radix exhibited the antagonistic activity. These results suggest that the ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ inhibitor of herbal medicines may protect $CCl_4-induced$ liver injury and puerarin should be a natural prodrug for the hepatoprotective effect.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 1999

Previous studies have shown that methanol extract and its butanol fraction of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen have the hepatoprotective effect on the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of the subfractions of butanol fraction has been evaluated by analyzing oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme activities and histopathological examinations. In BS-5 subfraction treated group, the activity of superoxide dismutase has been significantly increased as compared with that of CCl4, treated rats. Antioxidant activity has been evaluated by the examination of the scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. BS-5 subfraction has shown strong antioxidant activities. The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of BS-5 subfraction has relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by CCl4. It appears that the protective effect of BS-5 subfraction would be mediated of the attenuation of lipid peroxidation by acting as a free radical scavenger, which were based on the increase of superoxide dismutase activity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture(EA) at ST36 on $CCl_4{^-}$ induced chronic hepatic damage in rats. Methods : The authors performed several experimental items, including measurements of liver index, hematological analysis for WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, hemoglobin, and biochemical assays for ALT, AST, ALP in serum, and histological analysis of liver tissue. Results : Liver index(liver weight/body weight), the levels of WBC, Neutrophils and Monocytes in blood, the levels of ALT, AST and ALP in serum which were increased by $CCl_4{^-}$ intoxication were reduced significantly by EA at ST36. The levels of lymphocyte and hemoglobin in blood which were decreased by $CCl_4{^-}$ intoxication were significantly increased by EA at ST36. Conclusions : EA at ST36 has a hepatoprotective effect on chronic hepatic damage in $CCl_4{^-}$ intoxicated rats.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.486-490
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• 1987

$CCl_4$속에서 티오아세트산아미드(TA)와 몇가지 아미드(N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and N,N-dimethylpropionamide (DMP)) 사이의 수소결합이 TA의 N-C(S) 결합 주위의 부자유 회전에 미치는 영향을 nmr 분광학적인 방법으로 연구하였다. $CCl_4$분율이 증가할 때 TA의 $NH_2$기의 양성자 nmr 스펙트럼은 이중선으로 뚜렷하게 분리되었으며, 그 정도는 DMF < DMA < DMP순으로 증가하였다. 이런 현상을 TA와 아미드사이의 분자간 수소결합으로 설명하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

To evaluate the cutaneous injury in liver damaged rats by toluene application to the skin, toluene(35mg/㎤) was sequentially applied for 5 days to the dorsal skin of liver damaged rats with $CCl_4$ (6 times ever other day:0.1$m\ell$/100 g body weight-50% $CCl_4$in olive oil). The cutaneous ultrastructural changes were unexoectably not observed in liver from $CCl_4$-treated rats although necrotic liver damage appeared under light microscope. In these animals by the application of toluene to rat skin the cutaneous xanthine oxidase activity was significantly increased(p<0.05), but cytochrome P450 content was not different from that of the control or only $CCl_4$-treated rats. On the other hand, the cutaneous superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver damaged animals were significantly respectively(p<0.05, p<0.001), decreased by toluene application to the skin compared with control and especially the former enzyme activity was significantty decreased(p<0.01), compared with that of liver damaged rate rat but glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase activities were not significantly different from those of the control or liver damaged rats. Futhermore, the reduced gluathione content of skin was also significantly decreased by toluene application to the liver damaged animals. In conclusion, the great deposits of cerrous peroxide and ultramorphological changes in skin tissue of liver damaged animals by toluene application may be responsible for the oxygen free radical.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권3호통권142호
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• pp.224-228
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• 2005

Protective effects of various natural flavonoids on carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity were investigated in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Some of these flavonoids decreased the ALT and LDH releases induced by $CCl_4$ in A dose-dependent manner. Neohesperidin, hesperetin, baicalin, baicalein and quercetin inhibited $CCl_4-induced$ alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release. In addition, quercetin, quercitrin, neohesperidin, baicalin, baicalein and naringin reduced $CCl_4$ induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Among these flavonoids, quercitrin, quercetin, baicalin and baicalein possessed potent protective effects and were selected for the further investigation on lipid peroxidation. These four flavonoids inhibited dose dependently $CCl_4-induced$ lipid peroxidation. Especially, the protective effects of quercetin and baicalein were similar to silybin as a well-known hepatoprotective agent. These results suggest that these four flavonoids have significant cytoprotective effects and possibility of therapeutic effect on chemical-induced liver diseases.