• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 1996

Results of experiments on the nutrient requirements and feeding system of broiler breeder hens were reviewed, and daily requirements of energy and protein were calculated using the prediction equations reported by Scott(1977) and NRC(1981). The experimental reports on daily ME needs of broiler breeder hens were ranged from 400 to 450 kcal, however, the ME needs of caged hens were 92~93% to those of floor-housed hens due to the difference of ME need for activity. The ME needs of broiler breeders decreased with increasing environmental temperature corresponding to a drop of 25 kcal per day for each 5˚C rise. About 80~90% of the daily ME needs were used for body rnaintenance and activity of hens. Experimental results on daily protein needs of broiler breeder hens were ranged from 18 to 22 g, however, calculated protein needs decreased as the BW gain and eggmass output decreased after peak production, and about 60~65% of the daily protein needs were used for egg production. In the current practice, broiler breeder hens are restricted in feed, and consume their daily allowance in the first 2 to 6 h after dawn. The results suggest that eggshell quality can be significantly improved in hens fed during the afternoon when shell calcification is initiated, with no adverse effect on laying rate and fertility of eggs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.545-551
• /
• 2005

A feeding trial was conducted to determine whether dietary vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and vitamin E (250 mg/kg) prevent any drops in egg shell quality under heat stress in broiler breeder hens. One hundred and sixty molted Ross broiler breeders were housed randomly in an individual cage at 83 weeks of age. Four dietary treatments with forty hens and four replications per treatment were control (no additional vitamins), vitamin C-, or vitamin E-supplemented and combined supplementation of the two vitamins. After a tenday-adaptation period at 25$^{\circ}C$, the ambient temperature was kept at 32$^{\circ}C$ for a three-week-testing period. Egg production dropped dramatically over week but it did not show a significant change among treatments (p<0.05). However, egg quality parameters such as egg weight, specific gravity, shell thickness, SWUSA, puncture force and shell breaking strength from the birds fed the diet with the combined vitamins C and E were significantly improved over those of the control group during the heat stress period (p<0.05). The hens fed the vitamin C diet improved tibia breaking strength (37.16 kg), statistically higher than the birds fed the control and the vitamin E diets (p<0.05). The hens fed the control diet showed higher serum corticosterone levels, a mean of 5.97 ng/ml, than those of the other treatments (p<0.05). The heat stress resulted in elevated heterophils and decreased lymphocytes in serum, increasing the H/L ratios for all the treatments. However, the increases in H/L ratios were alleviated by feeding the diets containing vitamin C alone or together with vitamin E, although there were no significant differences in the ratio between the two groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, vitamins C (200 mg/kg) and/or E (250 mg/kg) supplemented to the diets for broiler breeder hens could prevent drops in egg shell quality and tibia bone strength under highly stressful environmental temperatures.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2000

This work was designed to investigate the performances of broiler breeder hens upon the addition were vitamin and mineral supplements in feeds. Animals were divided into for feed groups such as control, T$_1$,T$_2$and T$_3$, and each treatment has four replications. All broiler breeder hens were housed individually, and were fed with identical iso-metaboilic energy and iso-protein, except for vitamins and minerals. Different sources and levels of vitamins and minerals were added to the basic feeds according to the treatments. At the end of the experiments, general laying rate(hen days), average egg weight, hatching egg laying rate(Hen day) every day. Hatching egg weight, sterility, embryo mortality, hatching rate and chick weight were examined. Although, early laying rate in all treatment groups were reduced during cold term management, general egg laying rate was increased only T$_3$group which was contanining vitamin C. However, similar results were obtained in the rates of general and hatching egg laying. General egg laying rate were somewhat higher of Control, T$_2$and T$_3$ groups than that of T$_1$group. In addition, the laying rates of general and hatching eggs slightly improved in the T$_3$group rather than those of Control group. Egg weight was reduced with the increasing of laying rate, showing the highest in the T$_3$group. The laying rate showed significantly lower value than those of any other groups. Egg weight was about 65g in T$_3$group. The results of hatching performance for production ability of Broiler breeder hens were fed experimental diet, although the rates of non-hatched and hatched eggs increased in order of Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups. However, the rate of embryo mortality was declined in order Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2004

The fractional synthesis rates(FSR) were measured with 2l-wk and 3l-wk-old broiler breeder pullets and hens to investigate the effect of sexual maturity on FSR. The FSR were obtained from chicken tissues and blood samples using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(HPLC/MS). A L-l-13C, 15N -leucine saline solution was infused by bolus injection as a tracer into broiler breeder pullets in the experiment. A rapid HPLC/MS method was developed to measure the isotopic enrichments of leucine in plasma, tissue samples, and eggs. The enrichments of stable isotope leucine incorporated into protein and the enrichments of the stable isotope free leucine were measured in liver, breast muscle and blood samples. Two sets of experiments were conducted. In experiment one, 2l-wk-old, sexually immature broiler breeder pullets were divided into groups of three and blood samples were collected at 20 or 30 min intervals until 1.5 h from initial injection. The pullets were sacrificed in groups of three at varying time intervals for 7 h after injection. The liver, breast muscle and blood samples were removed for analysis. The FSR were estimated to be 8.7l%/day for liver, 4.06％/day for breast muscle, and 5.08％/day for blood samples in 30 minutes after injection from the enrichment ratios. In experiment two, sexually matured 3l-wk-old broiler breeder hens were assorted into groups of three and blood samples were obtained at 20 or 30 min intervals for 2 h. The FSR for blood samples were determined. The broiler breeder hens were sacrificed in groups of three at various time intervals until 7 h after injection and liver, breast muscle and blood samples were removed for analysis. The FSR were calculated to be 5.96％/day for liver. Eggs were collected from five chickens daily for 10 days after large bolus injection. The average of total enrichments of stable isotope in egg albumin was increased by 0.064% at 4 days after injection and was back to normal in 7 days.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2006

이 연구는 시호의 첨가가 육용종계의 생산성, 혈액의 성상, 호르몬 분비에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해서 8주간 실시하였다. 총 800수의 20주령 육용종계를 4개 처리구에 각각 200수씩 배치하였고, 시호는 사료에 0, 0.5, 0.1, 0.2% 수준으로 첨가하여 급여하였다. 기초사료의 영양소 함량은 육성기와 산란기로 구분하여 각각 CP 15.0%, ME 2,900 kcal/kg 수준과 CP 17.5%, ME 2,800 kcal/kg 수준으로 하였다. 시호를 육성후기에($20{\sim}24$주) 급여하여 육용종계의 증체량을 조사한 결과, 처리구간에 차이는 없었으나 산란초기($24{\sim}28$주)의 산란율과 산란량은 시호 급여구에서 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 시호의 첨가에 따른 육용종계의 혈중 변화를 관찰한 결과, 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도의 경우 대조구에 비하여 시호 2.0% 급여구에서 가장 낮은 수치를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이와는 다르게 혈중 중성지방 농도에서는 시호의 급여 효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 반면, 혈중 헤마토크릿, 포도당, 칼슘, 인 및 마그네슘 농도에서 시호의 첨가 효과는 관찰할 수 없었다. 혈중 총 단백질과 알부민 함량 또한 시호 급여에 따른 변동은 관찰할 수 없었으나 알부민/글로불린 비율은 시호 급여구가 유의하게 감소하였다(p< 0.05). 혈중 GGT, AST, ALT 및 BUN 농도에서도 시호 급여구와 대조구간의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 28주령 육용종계의 혈중 에스트로겐 농도는 시호 급여구가 전체적으로 증가하는 양상을 보였으며, 그 중 시호 0.5% 급여구의 에스트로겐 농도가 현저하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 IGF-I 농도는 시호 급여구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이 연구의 결과 육용종계 사료에 시호의 첨가는 생산능력을 개선하고, 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도와 A/G 비율을 감소시켰으며, 에스트로겐과 IGF-I 분비를 증가시켰다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2017

A dose-response experiment was conducted to determine the lysine requirement for broiler breeder hens during pre-peak production. Totally, one hundred and twenty-six flock 23-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeder hens with similar body weight were selected ($2,188{\pm}32g$) for a 6-week experiment. Hens were fed with a basal diet of corn-wheat-soybean meal formulated to achieve the Ross 308 breeder nutrient specifications (2016), except for lysine. The 7 graded, daily lysine intake levels used in this experiment were 732, 785, 838, 891, 944, 997, and 1,050 mg, and hens were restricted to 133 g of feed throughout this experiment. Pen based egg production were recorded once a day and all eggs were weighed daily. Age at sexual maturity was determined when the hens attained age at 25% production. Body weight at 23~29 weeks of age was not affected (P>0.05) by lysine levels. By fitting a linear-plateau model, the daily lysine requirements for feed conversion ratio, total produced egg weight, and age at sexual maturity at 23~29 weeks of age were estimated as 865, 907, and 891 mg, respectively. Using a quadratic-plateau model, the daily lysine requirement at 23~29 weeks of age were estimated as 974, 964, and 950 mg for feed conversion ratio, total produced egg weight, and age at sexual maturity, respectively. These results suggested that the daily lysine requirement for modern broiler breeder hens according to the National Research Council (1994) are insufficient for higher total produced egg weight, sexual maturity, and feed efficiency, and 120% of the NRC recommendation level would improve hen productivity when data are fitted under linear- and quadratic-plateau models.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 사료 중 비타민 C(200 mg/kg)와 비타민 E(250 mg/kg)의 첨가가 heat stress하 육용종계의 난각 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 83주령의 강제환우된 Ross 육용종계 160수를 공시하여 4처리 4반복 그리고 반복당 10수를 무작위로 개별 케이지에 수용하였다. 4처리구 중 대조구는 비타민 C와 E를 추가로 첨가하지 않았으며 시험구는 비타민 C 처리구, 비타민 E 처리구, 그리고 비타민 C/E 동시 처리구로 하였다. 실온 25 $^{\circ}C$에서 10일간의 적응기간 후에 32 $^{\circ}C$에서 3주간 실험하였다. 실험기간 중 산란율은 급속히 떨어졌으나 처리구간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 난중, 비중, 난각두께, SWUSA, pucture force와 난각 파괴강도에서는 비타민 C/E 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 비타민 C 처리구는 경골 파괴강도에서 37.16 kg으로 대조구 및 비타민 E 처리구에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05).한편, 혈중 corticosterone 수준(5.97 ng/ml)은 대조구가 다른 시험구들보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). Heat stress는 백혈구 중 heterophil의 비율을 높이고 lymphocyte의 비율은 낮추어 H/L ratio를 변화시켰다. 시험구의 H/L ratio는 대조구보다 낮았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로 사료 중 비타민 C(200 mg/kg)와 비타민 E(250 mg/kg)의 첨가는 육용종계에서 heat stress에 의한 영향을 경감하여 난각품질 및 경골강도의 약화를 방지한다고 할 수 있겠다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.521-532
• /
• 2020

The production performance of broiler breeder hens in response to different levels of total lysine during the early laying period was investigated. A total of 126 Ross 308 parent stock hens were offered one of seven dietary treatments formulating elevated contents of total lysine ranging from 0.55% to 0.79% (0.04 scale; 133 g of feed) from 23 to 29 weeks of age. Each treatment had six replicates with three birds per pen. Body weight was recorded triweekly and eggs were collected and weighted at 9:00 am daily. One hen from each pen was euthanized to collect blood samples and visceral organs were harvested and weighed. Egg production, egg weight and egg mass were lower (p < 0.05) in hens offered a diet containing 0.55% total lysine compared to those fed the diet containing higher total lysine. Hens offered a diet containing 0.71%, 0.75%, and 0.79% total lysine had greater (p = 0.008) egg production rate compared to those offered a diet containing lysine less than 0.71%. The number of total eggs produced tended to be greater (p = 0.083) in hens offered a diet containing 0.71 and 0.75% total lysine compared to the other treatments. The number of settable egg production was higher (p < 0.001) in hens offered a diet contacting 0.79% total lysine compared to those fed the diet containing lower levels of total lysine. The relative weights of oviduct and ovary were lower (p < 0.05) in hens offered a diet containing 0.59% total lysine compared to the other treatments. No difference found in body weight, the number of total eggs, double-yolk eggs and abnormal shell eggs among the treatments. The urea nitrogen, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone in plasma were not affected by treatments. Based on linear- and quadratic-plateau models, total lysine requirements for egg production, settable egg production and egg mass at the early laying period were to be 0.73%, 0.77%, and 0.71%, respectively. Modern broiler breeder hens likely require higher total lysine than NRC recommendation in a diet for enhancing productivity during the early-laying period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.234-239
• /
• 2010

Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation in the diet of breeder hens on the egg quality and hatchability, lipid peroxides of the egg yolk, and development of the newly-hatched offspring chicks were investigated. A total of 800 Avian 48, 28 wk-old broiler breeders were assigned randomly to 4 groups with 4 replicates of 45 females and 5 males. Each group was fed one of the following four diets with different oil sources and levels of VE: corn oil (CO), fish oil (FO), CO+VE and FO+VE. The results showed that: i) Addition of FO in the breeder diet reduced the whole egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk color score and neonatal offspring chick body weight without affecting the hatchability as compared to the CO treatment. ii) Addition of VE efficiently reduced the lipid peroxides of egg yolk from hens fed diets containing FO. iii) VE in the breeder diet significantly promoted the development of liver and heart of the chick offspring.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2018

Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) and chicken anemia virus (CAV) have gained much importance as an immunosuppressive and economically important emerging pathogen of poultry. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of FAdV and CAV infection in chickens. The groups were divided into Korean native chickens, broiler, layer hens and broiler breeder and set up groups according to age. As results, 12.5% of the native chicken, 2.5% of broiler and 6.7% of layer chicken were positive, respectively by PCR for FAdV. Serological test showed that 84.8%, 79.0%, 97.7% and 96.1% of chickens were positive for antibody to FAdV in native chickens, broiler, layer hens and broiler breeder. The prevalence of CAV infection were 20.0%, 7.5%, 16.7% and 10.0%, based on CAV gene detection by PCR. In serological test of CAV, 40.6%, 35.9%, 84.8% and 73.9% of chickens were positive in that groups.