• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge and attitude of breast feeding and to explore the predictive variables for the intention of breast feeding of mothers. One hundred and thirty-five mothers who delivered at the D University hospital during the period of May to June in 1996 comprised the sample. Data were collected by questionnaire methods before discharge at the hospital. Data were analyzed using percent, 1-test, and logistic regression. The results were as follows : 1. During their pregnancy, majority of mothers (74.8%) got the breast feeding information. Information sources were book (34.5%), family and relatives(32.4%), mass media(24.3%), and professionals such as nurses and doctors (8.8% ). The frequently reported sources of most encouragement for breast feeding were mother in law(20.7%) and baby's father (11.1% ). 2. The mean score of the items of Knowledge and Attitude toward Breast Feeding Scale were 42.56 (SD=5.47) and 39.07(SD=5.15) , representing positive attitude toward breast feeding. The correlation between knowledge and attitude score was significant(r 〓.54, p<.001). Knowledge of breast feeding were significantly different between breast feeding intention group (including partial breast feeding) and artificial feeding intention group(t=2.79, p<.01) 3. Logistic regression analysis revealed that feeding method in the hospital, delivery type, knowledge toward breast feeding, disease related to pregnancy, complication related to delivery, and educational level of mother were predictives of the intention of breast feeding. 4. The most frequently rated reasons for the plan for mixed feeding were concern about insufficient milk (37.9%) and work(27.6%), The major reasons for plan for artificial milk feeding were having premature baby(25.9%) and maternal health problems including infection(14.8% ) and drug use due to chronic illness (14.8%). From the result of the study, it is recommended to develop supportive nursing intervention strategy to promote breast-feeding intention and practice. The intervention could be more effective to begin early in pregnancy and include teaching for breast feeding skills as well as information provision for positive attitude formation.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.78-88
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mother's knowledge level of breast feeding and nursing activities related to breast feeding perceived by mothers. The subjects were 77 mothers who within 3 days after child birth in 2 Obstetric Clinic in Seoul and P city from Dec 1 to 31, 1999. Data were collected by a questionnaire developed Jung et al.(1994). This study was statistically analyzed according to Frequency, t-test and ANOVA. The results are as follows : 1) The characteristics of subjects : The majority of subjects were aged 30-34 years(44.2%), high school & college graduate(93.6%), had one child(51.9%), had no religion(42.9%), jobless(72.7%) and had no experience of breast feeding(59.7%). 2) Mean score of mother's knowledge level of breast feeding was ranged from 7-16. Mean score of breast feeding was 11.56 points out of possible 20 points meaned that it was a low level. 3) General characteristics were significantly related to mother's knowledge level of breast feeding as follow : age(F= 3.99, P < 0.001) and religion(F= 4.30, P < 0.05). 4) Mean score of nursing activities related to breast feeding by mothers was ranged from 30-146. Mean score of nursing activities related to breast feeding perceived by mothers was 100.05 points out of 150 points meant that it was a high level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2013

This study investigated the effect of a health-related lifestyle on knowledge, attitude, control belief and behavior intention toward breast-feeding of male and female university students in order to develop a breast-feeding education program for students of childbearing age. The subjects were 445 university students (125 male and 325 female) residing in eight provinces in Korea. The overall percentage of subjects intending to breast-feed their baby was 80.7% (73.6% of males and 84.2% of females). Overall, 84.2% of the subjects had high concerns about their health status. Scores reflecting a positive attitude, knowledge, and control beliefs toward breast-feeding were significantly higher (p<0.05~p<0.001) in female students, students majoring in medicine, and higher grades. The students who scored high at attitude, knowledge, and control beliefs also had a significantly higher (p<0.001) intention to breast-feed. When we investigated the sub factors of attitudes toward breast-feeding, significantly more students taking nutrient supplements scored high for physiological factors (p<0.05) and health-related factors (p<0.01). Significantly more non-smoking and non-drinking students scored high for health-related factors (p<0.001) and physiological factors (p<0.001), respectively. The intention to breast-feed was found to be significantly higher (p<0.01) in students who did not smoke, but not with other health-related lifestyles. In summary, these results indicate that the majority of university students intend to breast-feed, with students having a positive attitude, higher knowledge, and stronger control beliefs having a higher intention to breast-feed. Although a student's health-related lifestyle affects their attitudes on the physiological and health-related aspects of breast-feeding, only smoking status had an observable connection on the intention to breast-feed. Thus, when developing breast-feeding education programs for students, we recommend efforts to enhance a favorable attitude, knowledge, and control beliefs toward breast-feeding.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.128-139
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of an individual breast-feeding promotion program to address breast-feeding knowledge, attitude, method and rate of practice for married immigrant women. Methods: A non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design was used (experimental group=16, control group=17). The intervention consisted of 3 phases: (1) Within 2 hours of delivery - individual breast-feeding training through video/verbal/practical training education and demonstration (2) After 1~2 days - group training using video, model doll, and breast models (3) After 7 days - family visit, counseling, retraining and reinforcement training. The data were analyzed using non-parametric tests with the SPSS program. Results: Married immigrant women who participated in the individual breast-feeding program scored high in knowledge, attitude, method and rate of practice compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that the individual breast-feeding program is very effective in increasing breast-feeding knowledge, attitude, method and rate of practicing breast feeding for married immigrant women. So, nurses are encouraged to aggressively utilize individual breast-feeding programs to help married immigrant women, who are exposed to vulnerability due to various situations.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.90-99
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• 2011

Purpose: To investigate the impacts of individualized versus group prenatal breast-feeding education on postnatal breast-feeding knowledge, this study addressed techniques and rates of first-time mothers as part of data collection for developing breast-feeding education programs. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design was applied to compare the effects of prenatal breast-feeding individual vs. group education among first-time mothers. Collected data was analyzed using $x^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test, and ANOVA. Results: There was no difference on the knowledge of prenatal breast-feeding between individual and group education. However, individual education was a more effective method than group education on post-natal knowledge. In the 4th and 8th weeks of breast-feeding, individual education was more effective than group education. However, there was no difference between the two education methods at Week 12. Conclusion: This study indicates that many outpatient mothers should be given various individual approaches and prenatal breast-feeding education programs to provide them with opportunities for education to improve breast-feeding rates. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the breast-feeding rates at Week 12, which may be attributed not to education methods but to changes in external environmental factors. Further research is needed to address the changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.268-272
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• 2008

The breast feeding habits of 507 college students were evaluated between March 27 to April 26 (2006). Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS for Windows V.12.0. The study population consisted of 245 (48.3%) male and 262 (51.7%) female college students that answered ‘yes’ when asked whether they had been breast feed. A total of 52.7% of the study population were fed with breast milk (most frequent answer), as opposed to 11.0% that were fed with infant formula (least frequent answer) during their infancy. When asked whether they ever got educated on breast feeding, 78.1% of the college student subjects answered ‘no’. A total of 95.1% of the female college students replied ‘yes’ when asked if they intended to breast feed their child. Moreover, 62.2% of the college student subjects indicated that their parents had an influence on their decision to breast feed. A comparison between male and female college students indicated that female college students had a superior knowledge level of the general characteristics of breast feeding over the male subjects (p<0.05) . Moreover, a comparison of the different levels of college attained suggest that freshman college students had the highest knowledge level, followed by senior, sophomore and junior college students in terms of advantage, BF Tabu (p<0.05). Also, students provided with education on breast feeding had a higher knowledge level than college students with no formal education. In summary, the results suggest that the knowledge on breast feeding in college students were different by general characteristics such as gender, major and school year, and education on breast feeding in advance was appeared to be an important factor, therefore nutritional education course on breast feeding is recommended for the college students.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.424-434
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• 2002

Background & purpose Since the 1970's the rate of breast-feeding has decreased significantly. The Korean National Institute of Health reported that the rate of breastfeeding was 68.9% in 1982 and 14.1% in 1997. There are many influencing factors including: the lack of education and information on breast feeding, lack of faith in breast feeding, increment of the rate of working, lack of encouragement by supporters in difficult situations, and nurses' low level of knowledge about breast feeding. Such a lack of knowledge and support of breast-feeding at home by family members create another dilemma to the problem of breast-feeding. If problems arise and family members are unable to provide assistance due to the deficiency of knowledge, mothers show a tendency to abandon breast-feeding. The purpose of this research is to find out the rate of breast-feeding practice by time sequence of 1 week, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after birth and influencing factors on breast-feeding practice centered on the postpartal women who were 3discharged from one hospital, which is located in Seoul and provides simple breast-feeding education and continuous postnatal telephone consultation. Methodology The subjects of this research were 54 women who gave birth in a hospital located in Seoul from 1 March 2000 to 31 April 2000. After birth the subjects were educated individually about breast-feeding and telephone consultations were conducted. On the 1st week, 6th week, and 12th week, the subjects were surveyed about their breast-feeding practice rates and methods by telephone. Results 1) Complete breast-feeding rate: Within one week after birth, the subjects showed 64.2% complete breast-feeding rate. Within 6 weeks, 39.6%, and 12 weeks, 34.1%. 2) Partial breast-feeding rate: Within one week after birth, the subjects showed 32.1% partial breast-feeding rate. Within 6 weeks, 39.6%, and 12 weeks 15.1%. 3) Complete bottle-feeding rate Within one week after birth, the subjects showed 1.9% complete bottle-feeding rate. Within 6 weeks of giving birth 15.1%, and 12 weeks 17.0%. These results show that individual education about breast-feeding and continuous postnatal telephone consultation influenced on the practice of breast-feeding. On considering the reality of the hospital situation in which nurses could not operate education program due to the work-load, it is necessary to find out selectively those mothers who are unable to breast feed and provide education individually and continuous support by telephone follow up. Futhermore, the active role of lactation nurse specialist and their efficient management of breast-feeding for the successful practice is required.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge of breast feeding and practice of feeding pattern. A sample of 117 mothers who have the babies between age from 1 month to 12 months were selected from one university hospital and one public heath care center in J city. The data were collected with the questionnaire during the period from the January. 5, 2002 through January. 30, 2002. Analysis was done by using frequency, percentage, t-test, analysis of variance, and scheffe test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Comparision of the method of feeding by general characters. Income state, rearing (p=.019), rearing supporters(p=.026), infant age(p=.03) have shown significant difference as the variables affecting Breast practice rate. Breastfeeding rate were 24.8%, mixedfeeding type, 14.5%, milkfeeding type, 60.7%. The mean of knowledge on breastfeeding by feeding patterns were the highest in the group of breastfeeding. There was statistical significance between the group of breast feeding and milkfeeding(p=.000). In the conclusion, this study revealed that knowledge of breastfeeding promoted practice of breastfeeding. Therefore, to promote practice of breastfeeding, it is necessary that nurses provide adequate information about knowledge of breastfeeding.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2005

Breast feeding can play a very important role in the development of strong, healthy children. Many studies over the years have shown that breast milk provides defense against common ailments of childhood such as otitis media, gastrointestinal distress, and atopic diseases (allergies). For these reasons the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breast feeding for at least the first twelve months of an infant's life. Goals of the Health People 2010 Initiative include that at least 75% of mothers will be breast feeding upon discharge from the hospital and at least 50% will be still nursing at six months post-partum. Currently, about 60% of new mothers initiate breast feeding and about 26% are still breast feeding at six months. However, research has shown that breast feeding trends are below these averages in rural areas of the United States. This may be due in part to lack of breast feeding knowledge and teaching in rural areas. Rural hospitals and birthing centers have not initiated many of the breast feeding promotional programs, such as the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and Best Start, that have been successful in improving breast feeding trends in urban areas. Often new mothers who live in rural areas do not have access to a lactation consultant to help them with proper follow up. This paper will examine these concerns and propose recommendations to improve breast feeding in rural areas.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 1993

This survey was conduced to investigate the feeding methods of mothers in Suwon, Kyungkido. Incidence of breast feeding was 29.9eA of the Interviewed mothers, which showed lower percentages than those of previous surveys. The jai or factors influencing the method of infant feeding were generally depended on mother rather than infant. The mothers who had a higher income and a higher academic career tended to pre(or the bottle feeding to the other. md first birth order made them select the breast feeding rather than the other. Generally mothers knew the information about infant nutrition very well (91.0%), but their knowledge actually did not work. The sources of mother's Information on the Infant nutrition were the books of rearing infants and magazine. But there were some discrepancies between the actual and needed source of information : i.e. mothers wanted to acquire their information from mass communication.