• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1996

Phyllodes tumor(PT) is a rare distinctive fibroepithelial breast tumor that occasionally shows unpredictable clinical behavior. Wide excision should be the primary treatment of PT and enucleation, the standard procedure for fibroadenoma(FA), is proscribed due to high frequency of local recurrence. Therefore an accurate preoperative diagnosis of PT is essential in order to ensure proper surgical treatment. However, the differentiation between benign PT and FA is often difficult on the basis of cytologic findings. In an attempt to better understand the cytologic features of benign PT and possibly to differentiate PT from FA on the findings of fine needle aspiration(FNA) smears, we reviewed cytologic smears from 22 histologically diagnosed cases each of benign PT and FA, respectively. The cytologic features assessed were cellularity and atypia of both epithelial and stromal components, and shape of epithelial cell clusters. Atypia of stromal cells was more frequent in PT, while blunt branching pattern of epithelial cells was more frequent in FA. The specific cytologic diagnosis of PT is not possible in many cases, but the abundance of stromal cells with moderate nuclear atypia in the correct clinical setting such as older age and larger size(>4cm) allows the diagnosis.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

Some hydromedusae were collected from the East Sea ($36^{\circ}$30'124'N and $130^{\circ}$06'446'E), Yousu and Youngkwang with horizontal plankton net during from Nov. 2001 to Dec. 2002. They were identified into Proboscidactyla flavicirrata in the order Limnomedusae, and Muggiaea bargmannae and Diphyes bojani in the suborder Calycophorae of the order Siphonophora, respectively. P. flavicirrata is similar with P. stellata in the shape and size, but it is distinguished from later species in that P. stellata has six radial canals, 24 short marginal tentacles and dichotomous branching pattern. The suborder Calycophorae is the first recorded in Korea and posseses only develop a nectosome. In Muggiaea bargmannae, anterior nectophore is simillar with Dimophyes arctica in the shape of nectophore, but it is distinguished from the later in that D. arctica has a undivided mouth plate and deeper hydroecium. In Diphyes bojani, anterior nectophore is simillar with Diphyes dispar in the shape of nectophore, but it is distinguished from the later in which D. dispar has a deeper hydroecium and more prominant dorsal tooth. No posterior nectophores of Muggiaea bargmannae and Diphyes bojani have been observed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.482-505
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture characteristics and the effect of resin bonding of laminate porcelain. In order to characterize the indentation-induced crack, Young's moduli and characteristic indentation dimensions were measured. The fatigue life under three point flexure test was measured using the electro-dynamic type fatigue machine, and the crack propagation with thermocycling was investigated on the condition of 15 second dwell time each in $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ bath. The Vickers indentation pattern and the fracture surface were examined by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Young's moduli(E) of the laminate porcelain and the resin cement used in this experiment were $62.56{\pm}3.79GPa$ and $15.01{\pm}0.12GPa$, respectively. 2. The initial crack size of the laminate porcelain was $69.19{\pm}5.94{\mu}m$ when an indentation load of 9.8N was applied, and the fracture toughness was $1.065{\pm}0.156MPa\;m^{1/2}$. 3. The fatigue life of laminate porcelain showed the constant fracture range at the stress level 27.46-35.30MPa. 4. When a cyclic flexure load was applied, the fatigue life of resin-bonded laminate porcelain was more decreased than that of laminate porcelain. 5. When a thermocycling was conducted, the crack growth rate of resin-bonded laminate porcelain was more increased than that of laminate porcelain. 6. Fracture surface showed the radial crack, the lateral crack, and the macroscopic crack branching region beneath the plastic deformation region when an indentation load of 9.8N was applied.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 1999

This study aims to decipher surface water mass interaction in summer in the South China Sea and East China Sea by radium isotope distribution pattern. Salinity and activity ratio of radium ($^{228}Ra/^{226}Ra$) showed gradual changes, which were adequate to apply simple two end-member mixing between Kuroshio surface water and Changjiang Dilute Water for the East China Sea and the former and Nearshore Diluted Watermass (NDW) for the South China Sea. Two tracer methods, salinity and Ra isotope ratio, were compared for East China Sea. Results showed remarkable consistency for waters near Kuroshio, however, discrepancy were noticeable after Tsushima Warm Current branching. Mixing with subsurface waters may cause the discrepancy. When mixed with subsurface waters, salts and radium isotope ratio are expected to be biased in opposite direction, i. e. prone to underestimate the fraction of less saline water in the case of salts and vice versa for Ra isotope ratio. Taking the mean values of two different results seems more realistic to estimate fraction of end-members.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.386-395
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• 2010

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) are a multipotent cell population that can differentiate into neuron-like cells. Previously it has been reported that murine BM-MSC can differentiate into neuron-like cells by co-treatment with a Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor -Y27632 and $CoCl_2$. In this study, we compared several ROCK inhibitors for the ability to induce human BM-MSCs to differentiate into neuron-like cells in the presence of $CoCl_2$. Y27632 with high specificity for ROCK at 1-30 ${\mu}M$ was best at inducing neuronal differentiation of MSCs. Compared to HA1077 and H1152, which also effectively induced morphological change into neuron-like cells, Y27632 showed less toxicity even at 100 ${\mu}M$, and resulted in longer multiple branching processes at a wide range of concentrations at 6 h and 72 h post-induction. H89, however, which has less specificity by inhibition of protein kinase A, S6 kinase 1 and MSK1 with similar or greater potency, was less effective at inducing neuronal differentiation of MSCs. Simvastatin, which can inhibit Rho, Ras, and Rac by blocking the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates, showed little activity for inducing morphological changes of MSCs into neuron-like cells. Accordingly, the expression patterns for neuronal cell markers,including ${\beta}$-tubulin III, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament, and microtubule-associated protein, were consistent with the pattern of the morphological changes. The data suggest that the ROCK inhibitors with higher specificity are more effective at inducing neuronal differentiation of MSCs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 1966

This study was conducted to observe the condition of the ramifications of the bronchus and pulmonary blood vascular system by injecting the vinylite into the bronchial tree and pulmonary blood vessels in 100 normal adult dogs. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Lungs of dog were composed of the same pulmonary territories as in lungs of human. 2. Cardiac lobe corresponding to R.medio-bassalis of human lungs was well developed and situated as a independent cardiac lobe, in ventral side of right lung. 3. Bronchial tree were in the patterns of axial divergency and blood vascular systems were (in general) branched along the bronchial tree, arteries lying near the bronchial tree but veins apart from it. 4. Among the branching patterns of bronchus pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein in each lobe, the type presented most frequently were noted, which were designated basic type by the author. 5. Pulmonary blood vessels were not always branched in accordance with bronchial tree, diverged inmore complex patterns, especially in venous vascular system. 6. Ramus anterior (lobe apicalis) was always observed in all casting specimen. 7. There was a case of peculiar variation patterns of the ramification in the bronchi directing into the left apical and cardiac lobe, arose respectivelly, at independent origin of bifurcation in the left bronchial stem, and a case of peculiar variation pattern of the artery entering left apical lobe and cardiac lobe, had a same origin of the bifurcation at rami pulmonary artery, and then divided respectivelly into the rami medi artery and rami left apical lobe artery. 8. In the classification based on the patterns of bronchial and blood vasculor divergencys, there were a lot of significant combination cases in their patterns.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.435-454
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• 2003

The morphology of plants and scanning electro-microscopical features of fruits were examined to evaluate the taxonomic entities of Korean Adonis L. in sensu lato (Ranunculaceae). The species of Korean Adonis were readily diagnosed by the branching pattern of stem, the number of flowers, the bifurcation of leaf main axis, the number of tepals, the flowering periods in relation to leaf sprouting, and the number of stomata and the texture of fruit surface. This study demonstrates that there are three species, A. amurensis, A. pseudoamurensis, and A. multiflora., found in Korea. However, A. ramosa, which has been often claimed to be distributed in Korea, is not present in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1978

The morphology and chemical properties of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) root starch were investigated. The starch granules were mainly sphere and cocoon with the diameter of $5-12\mu$. Polarized micrograph indicated that the starch granule had a hilum at the center of granule, showing a crossed-birefringence. X-ray diffraction pattern demonstrated that the granules showed B-type. The density of the starch was 1.49 and the amylose content was 22%. The ferricyanide number and alkali number were 0.292 and 11.03, respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the starch contained 0.52% lipid, 0.63% ash and 150ppm phosphorus of which over 80% were found in the amylopectin fraction. The iodine affinity and molecular weight of amylose were 16.1 and 83,000 respectively. The degree of branching and glucose units per segment of amylopectin were 3.7% and 27, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2008

The recent WHO classification has recognized mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) as a distinct entity of renal cell carcinoma, exhibiting a mixed pattern of tubules and a surrounding spindle cell proliferation within a myxoid stroma, with low-grade nuclear features. A 51-year-old woman had an incidentally discovered renal mass. Radiologic examination revealed a large, well defined mass in the lower pole of the right kidney; a right radical nephrectomy was performed. Imprint cytologic smears from fresh surgical specimens showed cellular, cohesive clusters with thick, broad trabecular arrangements and branching structures. On high power fields, the tumor was composed of round-to-oval low-grade nuclei with vesicular chromatin and small nucleoli. The tumor cells had indistinct borders and pale, eosinophilic cytoplasm, In some areas, round-to-elongated tubular structures and spindle cell patterns were noted. Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration was noted, along with a mucinous back-ground and occasional psammoma bodies. Neither significant cytologic atypia nor mitosis was seen.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.73.1-73.8
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• 2022

Background: Lumpy skin disease (LSD), a disease transmitted by direct and indirect contact with infected cattle, is caused by the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). The disease affects cattle herds in Africa, Europe, and Asia. The clinical signs of LSD range from mild to the appearance of nodules and lesions in the skin leading to severe symptoms that are sometimes fatal with significant livestock economic losses. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize LSDV strains in the blood of infected cattle in Thailand based on the GPCR gene and determine the phylogenetic relationship of LSDV Thailand isolates with published sequences available in the database. Methods: In total, the blood samples of 120 cattle were collected from different farms in four provinces in the northeastern part of Thailand, and the occurrence of LSDV was examined by PCR based on the P32 antigen gene. The genetic diversity of LSDV based on the GPCR gene was analyzed. Results: Polymerase chain reaction assays based on the P32 antigen gene showed that 4.17% (5/120) were positive for LSDV. All positive blood samples were amplified successfully for the GPCR gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LSDV Thailand isolates clustered together with LSDVs from China and Russia. Conclusions: The LSD outbreak in Thailand was confirmed, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to infer the branching pattern of the GPCR gene from the presence of LSDV in Thailand. This is the first report on the molecular characterization of LSDV in cattle in Thailand.