• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Rhabdomyolysis is a metabolic disorder in which the content of damaged muscle cells is released into plasma. Its manifestations include asymptomatic, myalgia, gross hematuria, and complications of acute kidney injury. Because of limited data on rhabdomyolysis in children, we performed this study to determine clinical characteristics of rhabdomyolysis in children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with rhabdomyolysis who were treated at the Pusan National University Children's hospital from January 2011 to July 2016. The diagnostic criteria were serum myoglobin level of ${\geq}80ng/mL$, exclusive of acute myocardial injury, cardiac arrest, and brain damage. Results: Forty-five patients were enrolled; mean age, $116{\pm}68$ months. Of these, 35 were boys and 10 were girls. Twenty-six patients experienced myalgia and 12 patients showed gross hematuria. Among these, seven patients initially had both myalgia and gross hematuria. The most common causes of rhabdomyolysis were infection, physical exertion, prolonged seizures, metabolic abnormalities, and drug addiction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was the most common complication, followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thirty-seven patients improved with sufficient fluid supply but two patients underwent hemodialysis due to deterioration of kidney function. Gross hematuria, positive occult blood test, and positive urine protein were more common in patients with AKI than in those without AKI. Conclusions: In children, infection was the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis. Most patients recovered by sufficient fluid therapy. However, in severe cases, especially in patients with underlying kidney disease, hemodialysis may be necessary in the present study.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.316-322
• /
• 2012

Siegesbeckia Herba is known to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-tumor. The objective of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of Siegesbeckia Herba against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Siegesbeckia Herba 70% ethanol extract and solvent fractions have the potent neroprotective effects on glutamate-induced nerotoxicity by induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Especially, ethyl acetate fraction showed higher protective effect. In HT22 cell, Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction makes the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Further, we found that treatment with c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125) reduced Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction induced HO-1 expression and Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction also increased JNK phosphorylation. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate fraction of 70% ethanol extract of Siegesbeckia Herba significantly protect glutamate-induced oxidative damage by induction of HO-1 via Nrf2 and JNK pathway in mouse hippocampal HT22. Taken together these finding suggest that Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction good source for taking active compounds and may be a potential therapeutic for brain disorder by targeting the oxidative stress of neuronal cell.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.288-298
• /
• 2014

We examined the efficacy of a bacterium for biocontrol of the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne hapla in carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Among 542 bacterial isolates from various soils and plants, the highest nematode mortality was observed for treatments with isolate C1-7, which was identified as Bacillus cereus based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the Biolog program, and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses. The population density and the nematicidal activity of B. cereus C1-7 remained high until the end of culture in brain heart infusion broth, suggesting that it may have sustainable biocontrol potential. In pot experiments, the biocontrol efficacy of B. cereus C1-7 was high, showing complete inhibition of root gall or egg mass formation by RKN in carrot and tomato plants, and subsequently reducing RKN damage and suppressing nematode population growth, respectively. Light microscopy of RKN-infected carrot root tissues treated with C1-7 showed reduced formation of gall cells and fully developed giant cells, while extensive gall cells and fully mature giant cells with prominent cell wall ingrowths formed in the untreated control plants infected with RKNs. These histopathological characteristics may be the result of residual or systemic biocontrol activity of the bacterium, which may coincide with the biocontrol efficacies of nematodes in pots. These results suggest that B. cereus C1-7 can be used as a biocontrol agent for M. hapla.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2004

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Sagunja-tang(SGJT), Ijin-tang(IJT), Yukgunja-tang(YGJT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP), and pial arterial diameter (PAD)] in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of action of YGJT. And, this Study was designed to investigate whether YGJT inhibit lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells. The results were as follows ; 1. SGJT significantly increased rCBF but MABP was not changed comparing with normal MABP(l00 %). This results were suggested that SGJT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. 2. IJT significantly decreased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but significantly increased MABP in a dose-dependent. This results were suggested that IJT significantly decreased rCBF by contracting PAD. 3. YGJT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent, and YGJT increased MABP compared with normal MABP(100 %). This results were suggested that YGJT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. 4. The YGJT-induced increase in rCBF was significantly accelerated by pretreatment with indomethacin (IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase but was significantly inhibited by methylene blue (MTB, 10 ㎍/㎏ i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. 5. The YGJT-induced increase in PAD and MABP were accelerated by pretreatment with IDN but was significantly inhibited by MTB. This results suggested that the mechanism of YGJT is mediated by guanylate cyclase. 6. YGJT inhibited significantly LDH activity in neuronal cells. This results were suggested that YGJT prevented the neuronal death. I thought that YGJT should have improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive effect on the brain damage.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The use of indium compounds, especially those of small size, for the production of semiconductors, liquid-crystal panels, etc., has increased recently. However, the role of particle size or the chemical composition of indium compounds in their toxicity and distribution in the body has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of particle size and the chemical composition of indium compounds on their toxicity and distribution. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to two different-sized indium oxides (average particle sizes under 4,000 nm [IO_4000] and 100 nm [IO_100]) and one nano-sized indium-tin oxide (ITO; average particle size less than 50 nm) by inhalation for 6 hr daily, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks at approximately $1mg/m^3$ of indium by mass concentration. Results: We observed differences in lung weights and histopathological findings, differential cell counts, and cell damage indicators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid between the normal control group and IO- or ITO-exposed groups. However, only ITO affected respiratory functions in exposed rats. Overall, the toxicity of ITO was much higher than that of IOs; the toxicity of IO_4000 was higher than that of IO_100. A 4-week recovery period was not sufficient to alleviate the toxic effects of IO and ITO exposure. Inhaled indium was mainly deposited in the lungs. ITO in the lungs was removed more slowly than IOs; IO_4000 was removed faster than IO_100. IOs were not distributed to other organs (i.e., the brain, liver, and spleen), whereas ITO was. Concentrations of indium in the blood and organ tissues were higher at 4 weeks after exposure. Conclusions: The effect of particle size on the toxicity of indium compounds was not clear, whereas chemical composition clearly affected toxicity; ITO showed much higher toxicity than that of IO.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2006

Drug dependence deals a heavy socioeconomic burden to the society. For adolescents, the damage from drug dependence is greater than adults considering their higher susceptibility to drug effect and increasing chance for violence leading to criminal punishment process. Habitual drug use depends on genetic and environmental factors and the complex interactions between the two. Mammalian model systems have been useful in understanding the neurochemical and cellular impacts of abused drugs on specific regions of the brain, and in identifying the molecular targets of drugs. More elucidation is required whether biological effects of drugs actually cause the habitual dependence at the cellular level. Although there is much insight available on the nature of drug abuse problems, none of the systems designed to help drug dependent individuals is efficient in screening functional ingredients of the drug, and thus resulting in the failure of helping drug dependent individuals recover from drug dependence. Alternative model systems draw the attention of researchers, such as the invertebrate model systems of nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) and fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). These models should provide new insight into the mechanisms leading to the behavior of drug users (even functional studies analyzing molecular mechanism), and screening useful components to help remove drug dependence among drug users. The relatively simple anatomy and gene expression of the invertebrate model systems should enable researchers to coordinate current knowledge on drug abuse. Furthermore, the invertebrate model systems should facilitate advance in experiments on the susceptibility of specific genetic backgrounds and the interaction between genetic factors to drug dependence.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.721-730
• /
• 2005

Recently, epidemiological evidence has raised concerns that moderate elevation in body iron stores may increase oxidative stress and the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Onion flesh or peel contains antioxidant such as flavonoids and alk(en)ylcysteine sulphoxides. This study was conducted to examine the effect of onion flesh or peel feeding on antioxidative capacity in aged rats supplemented with high dietary iron. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male 16-month-old rats weighing $618{\pm}6g$ were acclimated for 10 days with medium-iron diet (35ppm in diet), and blocked into 4 groups according to their body weights and raised for 3 months on either control diets (adequate iron-35ppm or high iron-350ppm) or experimental diets containing onion flesh/peel (5% w/w in diet) with high iron (350ppm). Rats fed high iron-onion peel diet had significantly high quercetin and isorhamnetin levels in plasma whereas rats fed high iron-onion flesh diet did not show. Plasma TBARS level was lowered by onion flesh or peel diet with high iron supplementation. However, there was no significant difference in cellular DNA damage in brain and kidney tissue among all experimental groups. We concluded that high iron diet (10 times higher than requirement) tend to increase oxidative stress and it is plausible that onion flesh or peel feeding enhances antioxidative capacity in the elderly even with iron supplementation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2003

Backgrounds : It has been investigated about ageing theory. However, ageing mechanism still remains to be unknown. Since Harman proposes that ageing and ageing related diseases might be due to oxidative damage and these are modifiable by genetic and environmental factors. For designing an optimal nutritional countermeasure against ageing and ageing related disease, it is necessary to understand the ageing mechanism and other reactive species. Objectives : Schizandra Chinesis has been clinically used to treat brain disease, respiratory or inflammatory disease etc. in Oriental medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the scavenging effect of Schizandrae Fructus herbal-acupuncture solution(SFHA) on NO, DPPH and IL-4. Results : The results are summarized as follows; (1) There is a significant scavenging effect of SFHA on NO in 0.1, 1, 10mg/ml group after 24hrs. (2) There is a significant scavenging effect of SFHA on DPPH in 1, $10{\mu}g/ml$ group. (3) There is a significant inhibitory effect of SFHA on IL-4 in 1, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$ group. Conclusions : These findings indicate that SFHA can be used as antioxidant or antiimflammatory drug. But further study is needed about the effect of SFHA.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권7호
• /
• pp.762-768
• /
• 2014

Starvation에 의해서 down-regulation 되는 유전자 10개를 얻었다(Comt, RGN, Scd1, Temt, Idi1, Fabp5, Car3, Cyp2c70, Pinx1, Poldip3). 이들은 starvation에 의한 대사변화의 대부분은 liver와 관련된 것으로 볼 수 있다. Starvation중에 물 공급은 암수 동일하게 apoptosis, autophage, endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC)유도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이 같이 starvation에 의해서 down-regulation되는 유전자발현조절이 liver에 국한된 것이라기보다는 개체의 항상성유지에 관련 많은 pathway가 관련되어있는 것으로 판단된다. 장기간의 간혈 starvation은 glucose소비가 많은 brain과 면역기능조절에 중요한 thymus의 정상기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 보인다. 유전자 Scd1의 경우는 ♀보다가 ♂이 민감한 반응을 보이는 것으로 보아 ♀/♂의 성 특이적인 대사에 starvation과 NaCl이 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 보인다. Starvation시 물 공급도 중요하지만 개체의 항상성유지에 NaCl공급이 중요하다는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.874-881
• /
• 2014

A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine chronic effects of waterborne copper exposure on rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus using a panel of enzymes. The activities of the following biochemical biomarkers were determined at different concentrations of $CuSO_4$ for 10 and 20 days: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in plasma; antioxidant enzymes including glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver and gills; and acethylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain and muscle. After exposure to two $CuSO_4$ concentrations (200 and $400{\mu}g/L$), the activities of plasma ALT in the fish showed a tendency to increase with AST and LDH, depending on $CuSO_4$ concentration. Additionally, GSH levels and SOD activities significantly increased, depending on $CuSO_4$ concentrations in liver and gills. This involved the inactivation of reactive molecules formed during oxidative stress, which could provide protection against oxidative damage induced by $CuSO_4$. However, GPx and AChE activities significantly decreased with $CuSO_4$ in liver and gills. In conclusion, these enzymes may represent convenient biomarkers for monitoring heavy metal pollution in coastal areas. Such chronic exposure studies are necessary for improving our understanding of complementary or deleterious effects of pollutants, and for developing metal toxicity biomarkers.