• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2002

본 연구는 돼지에서 동결정액을 이용한 번식능력을 개선하기 위한 동결정액 포장재료의 효과를 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 시험에는 축산기술연구소 종축개량부 (충남, 성환)의 인공수정센터에서 사육중인 종모돈이 사용되었다. 기존의 돼지 동결정액 포장방법인 maxi-straw 동결정액 포장방법과 5$m\ell$빈 cryogenic-vial 및 aluminum-pack 포장방법을 비교한 결과 cryogenic-vial로 포장하여 액체질소 상단 15cm에서 동결한 후 52$^{\circ}C$ water bath에서 190초 융해한 방법이 기존의 maxi-straw 방법과 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. Cyogenic-vial 포장방법의 동결-응해 방법을 설정하기 위하여 융해시간을 달리하여 시험한 결과 액체질소 상단 15cm에서 동결하고 52$^{\circ}C$에서 190초 간 융해하였을 때 정자운동성이 120초 및 150초 응해시 보다 우수하였다 (P<0.05). 그러나 정상첨체비율은 응해시간 간에 차이가 없었다. 52$^{\circ}C$에서 45초간 응해 한 maxi-straw 포장방법과 52$^{\circ}C$에서 190초 융해한 cryogenic-vial 포장방법간에 정액성상을 비교한 결과 총정자운동성과 정자의 빠르기는 maxi-straw가 우수하였다 (P<0.05). 그러나 직진성과 정상첨체비율은 두 포장방법간에 차이가 없었다. 동결정액 포장방법별 인공수정시 번식성적은 maxi-straw 동결정액이 cryogenic-vial 동결정 액보다 수태율, 분만율, 그리고 산자수가 높았으나 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 cryogenic-vial 포장 방법의 동결 및 음해방법을 좀 더 연구개발하면 기존의 maxi-straw포장방법을 대체하여 실용화 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.793-798
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• 2006

The quality characteristics of semen are important indicators of the fertility of a boar. Development of genetic markers for the semen quality in boars will be beneficial to the improvement of porcine fertility. We investigated the relationship between the polymorphisms of epidermal growth factor (EGF), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) genes, and semen quality traits in boars. The genomic DNA of 233 boars (157 Duroc and 86 Landrace) from a central testing station was subjected to genotyping for surveying gene frequency. The EGF, PTGS2 and PRLR genotypes were determined using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Thirty-seven normal, mature Duroc boars from an AI center were also genotyped and their semen quality traits were collected. The effect of genotype on semen quality traits was analyzed by the least-squares means method using data corrected for season. The frequencies of the AA genotype of EGF, PTGS2 and PRLR in Duroc boars were 0.14, 0.01 and 0.66, respectively. In Landrace, the frequencies of the AA genotype were 0.03, 0.09 and 0.62, respectively. Boars with the BB genotype in EGF, with the AB genotype in PTGS2 and with the AA genotype in PRLR had significantly better semen quality with a higher percentage of normal sperm and a lower percentage of immature sperm than those with other genotypes. These findings imply that polymorphisms of EGF, PTGS2 and PRLR genes might be used as markers for improving the semen quality of boars.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1133-1139
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• 2013

돼지 원정액의 채취나 희석정액의 제조과정 중 세균오염이 많이 발생하는데, 이는 정자활력의 감소뿐 아니라 모돈의 수태율 저하 등을 유발한다. 특히 Serratia marcescens는 환경에 널리 존재하며 비위생적으로 제조된 정액에 많이 분리되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 S. marcescens의 신속한 동정을 위하여 PCR 기법을 개발하였으며, 국내 돼지정액 유래 S. marcescens을 이용하여 최소생육억제농도(MIC) 등을 조사하고 유효 항생제를 선발하고자 하였다. 개발 PCR 기법은 S. marcescens에서만 306 bp의 특이 유전자 증폭산물을 형성하였으며, 기타 돼지정액에서 분리 보고된 균주나 Serratia 속균에서는 유전자 증폭 산물이 형성되지 않아 특이성이 인정되었다. PCR 기법의 민감도는 S. marcescens에서 추출된 DNA $50pg/{\mu}l$까지 검출이 가능하였다. 디스크확산법에 의한 국내 돼지정액 유래 S. marcescens의 항생제 감수성을 조사한 결과, gentamicin, ceftiofur, neomycin 등에서 80% 이상의 높은 감수성을 보였다. 한편 ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin의 $MIC_{90}$는 각각 8, 8, 8, $16{\mu}g/ml$로 나타났다. 따라서 개발된 PCR 기법은 S. marcescens를 동정하는 유용한 방법이며, gentamicin 등 선발된 항생제는 S. marcescens에 의한 정액 내 세균오염을 관리하기 위한 희석제용 항생제로 추천된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2016

For evaluating the boar semen quality, sperm motility (MOT) is an important parameter because the movement of spermatozoa indicates active metabolism, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. Estrogen receptors 2(ESR2) is involved in estrogen related apoptosis in cell cycle spermatogenesis, but their functions have not been confirmed in pig until now. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze their association with sperm motility and kinematic characteristics. DNA samples from 105 Duroc pigs with records of semen motility and kinematic characteristics [Total motile spermatozoa (MOT), Curvilinear velocity(VCL), Straight-line velocity(VSL), the ratio between VSL and VCL(LIN), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement(ALH)] were analyzed. A SNP in coding region of ESR2 g.35547A > G in exon 5 was associated with MOT (p < 0.05) in Duroc population. Therefore, we suggest that the porcine ESR2 gene may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar semen quality, although its functional effects were not defined yet. These results might shed new light on the roles of ESR2 in spermatogenesis as candidate gene for boar fertility, but still the lack of association across populations should be considered.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2011

This survey was conducted to investigate the current status of swine artificial insemination(AI) centers registered as 'semen processing business' in Korea. The survey responses were collected by direct visitation or telephone conversation for 5 months from May through September in 2008. The survey showed that sixty-four AI centers were enrolled in local government and those of fifty-two AI centers were under operation. Forty-nine AI centers surveyed owned a total of 3,334 boars and the Duroc breed accounted for the highest rate(73.1%) of all boar breeds. In type of ownership, agricultural management corporations was the highest(42.3%) and followed by private ownership(34.6%). Large-scale AI centers in terms of own over 151 boar were surveyed as 5.9% and most AI centers own less than 100 boars(86.5%). The average number of boars per AI center was 68. The amount of liquid semen provided by 52 AI centers were 1,791,000 doses and each AI center provides average of 39,000 does, which is represented for 90% consumption by sows in Korea.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2022

Sperm cryopreservation is a fundamental process for the long-term conservation of livestock genetic resources. Yet, the packaging method has been shown, among other factors, to affect the frozen-thawed (FT) sperm quality. This study aimed to develop a new mini-straw for sperm cryopreservation. In addition, the kinematic patterns, viability, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of boar spermatozoa frozen in the developed 0.25 mL straw, 0.25 mL (minitube, Germany), or 0.5 mL (IMV technologies, France) straws were assessed. Post-thaw kinematic parameters were not different (experiment 1: total motility (33.89%, 32.42%), progressive motility (19.13%, 19.09%), curvilinear velocity (42.32, 42.86), and average path velocity (33.40, 33.62) for minitube and the developed straws, respectively. Further, the viability (38.56%, 34.03%), acrosome integrity (53.38%, 48.88%), MMP (42.32%, 36.71%) of spermatozoa frozen using both straw were not differ statistically (p > 0.05). In experiment two, the quality parameters for semen frozen in the developed straw were compared with the 0.5 mL IMV straw. The total motility (41.26%, 39.1%), progressive motility (24.62%, 23.25%), curvilinear velocity (46.44, 48.25), and average path velocity (37.98, 39.12), respectively, for IMV and the developed straw, did not differ statistically. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the viability (39.60%, 33.17%), acrosome integrity (46.23%, 43.23%), and MMP (39.66, 32.51) for IMV and the developed straw, respectively. These results validate the safety and efficiency of the developed straw and highlight its great potential for clinical application. Moreover, both 0.25 mL and 0.5 mL straws fit the present protocol for cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 1999

본 연구는 동결융해 후 정자의 생존성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 찾기 위하여 수행하였다. 동결융해 후 생존성에 대한 요인으로써 동결보존액, 동해보호제, 예비동결법 및 동결소요시간을 비교하였다. 동결과정중 정액의 질을 평가하기 위하여 활력, NAR 및 생존율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 돼지정액을 BF5, LYE, Soejima 및 modified Soejima 보존액으로 동결하였을 때 동결융해 후 정자활력은 M-Soejima 보존액이 44.5$\pm$6.4%로 다소 높았다. M-Soejima 보존액의 2차 회석액에 caffeine(2mM), heparin(l00 ${\mu}\ell$/$m\ell$) 및 caffeine＋heparin 를 첨가하였을 때 동결융해 후 활력은 caffeine 첨가구가 61.7% 로 가장 높았으며, 단독 혹은 혼합첨가가 첨가하지 않은 대조구보다 유의적으로 높은 활력을 나타내었다 (p＜0.05). M-Soejima 보존액에 동해보호제로서 glycerol(Gly), ethylene glycol(EG), propylene glycol(GP), Gly＋EG 및 Gly＋PG을 첨가하였을 때 동결융해 후 활력 및 NAR 율은 Gly＋PG의 혼합첨가시 (31.3%/39.5%) 가 다른 첨가구보다 다소 높았으며 생존율은 Gly＋EG 첨가구가 21.2% 로 다른 첨가구보다 다소 높았다. BE5와 M-Soejima 보존액으로 straw 및 pellet 동결법으로 동결하는 동안 dry ice-pellet, dry ice-straw 및 L$N_2$vapor-straw 법으로 예비동결하였을 때 각각 22.8, 47.5, 52.5% 및 42.5, 47.5, 57.5% 의 활력을 나타내었다. 또한 M-Soejima 보존액의 straw 법으로 l차 희석부터 동결완료까지 소요되는 시간을 2, 5 및 7시간으로 하였을 때 동결융해 후 활력 및 생존율은 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었으나, NAR 율은 처리시간이 길어질수록 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 동결융해 후 활력, NAR 및 생존율을 높이기 위해서는 caffeine 이 첨가된 M-Soejima 보존액에 동해보호제로 glycerol과 propylene glycol 또는 ehtylene glycol 을 사용하여 2시간 동안 빠르게 동결처리된 정액이 다소 유리할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2009

Prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}$ ($PGF_2{\alpha}$) can facilitate release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland. The objective was to extend these findings and determine the effects of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ on sexual activity and semen collection training in sexually inexperienced boars. Boars (n=32; $281{\pm}18$ days of age) were moved individually once weekly to a semen collection room equipped with an artificial sow. Before entering the semen collection room, boar received i.m. treatments of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ at doses of 5 (n=8), 10 (n=8), or 20 (n=8), and control boar (n=8) were not treated. Reaction time (elapsed time after entering collection pen until the start of mounting) for boars receiving 5mg ($3.3{\pm}0.9\;min$), 10mg ($3.3{\pm}0.8\;min$) $PGF_2{\alpha}$ was shorter (p<0.05) than for controls ($6.7{\pm}0.9min$). Duration of ejaculation (min) per session was longer (p<0.05) for $PGF_2{\alpha}$ (10 mg, 20 mg)-treated boars ($7.3{\pm}0.7\;min$, $6.9{\pm}0.7\;min$), compared to control ($3.4{\pm}0.8\;min$). The number of training session per boars was less (p=0.056) for $PGF_2{\alpha}$ 10mg-treated boars ($1.0{\pm}0.4$), compared to control ($2.0{\pm}0.4$). Semen characteristic such as volume, concentration, the number of total ejaculated sperm, were similar for $PGF_2{\alpha}$-treated and controls. There was no apparent difference on sperm movement characteristics (Mot: motility, VCL : curve linear velocity, VSL : straight line velocity, VAP : average path velocity, LIN : linearity) after semen preservation by collected with or without $PGF_2{\alpha}$ treatment. In summary, administration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ in boars increased the sexual activity and facilitated the training boars to mount an artificial sow for semen collection, but did not affect semen characteristic.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2010

본 연구는 통마늘분말의 급여가 수퇘지의 정액 성상과 혈중 항산 화물 농도에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 12개월령의 듀록종 수퇘지 9두를 공시하여 시험사료만을 급여한 대조구(4두)와 시험사료에 0.3% 통마늘분말을 첨가하여 급여한 실험구(5두)를 이용해 13주간 수행되었다. 통마늘분말의 급여가 수퇘지의 정액생산량과 정자농도에 미치는 영향을 8주간에 걸쳐 평가한 결과, 정액생산량에서는 통마늘분말 급여 여부에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 수퇘지 정액의 평균 총정자수는 0~4주의 평균 총정자수는 통마늘분말 급여여부에 상관없이 차이가 없었다. 그러나, 5~8주에 채취된 정액의 평균 총정자수는 통마늘분말을 급여한 실험구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 통마늘분말 급여가 수퇘지의 성욕에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 연속 사정횟수와 전체 사출정액에 대한 총정자수를 조사한 결과, 통마늘분말을 급여한 실험구가 대조구에 비해 사정횟수와 총정자수가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 수퇘지에 대한 통마늘분말의 급여가 정장 및 혈장 내 polyphenol 농도에 미치는 영향에서는 정장 내에서의 polyphenol 농도는 통마늘분말 급여여부에 상관없이 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나, 혈장 내에서의 polyphenol 농도는 9주, 12주 및 13주차에 통마늘분말을 급여한 실험구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 수치를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 본 실험의 결과를 종합하면, 정액채취용 수퇘지에 대한 통마늘분말의 급여는 성욕의 향상에 영향을 미쳐 정액채취빈도와 정액내 총 정자수를 증가시키고, 혈액 내 항산화물 농도를 높이는 것으로 나타나, 통마늘분말이 정액채취용 수퇘지의 성적을 향상시키는데 사료적 가치가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effective genetic resources preservation system using the frozen boar semen. The porcine oocytes were matured for 44 hours in NCSU-23 medium with or without 10% Porcine Follicle Fluid (PFF), 0.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ porcine FSH, 0.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ equine LH, 1.0 ${\mu}g/ml$ 17 $\beta$-estradiol ($E_2$) and 10 ng/ml Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) under mineral oil at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ in air. After 44 h of culture, the oocytes were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen and fresh semen prepared with mTBM medium for 6 h. Later, set of 50 presumptive zygotes were transferred into 4-well dish (500 ${\mu}l$) of IVC medium. for embryos freezing, slow-freezing and vitrification methods were used as a cryopreservation. Differences among treatments were analyzed using General Linear Model Procedure by SAS Package (version 6.12) differences were considered significant when p<0.05. Following IVF and IVC, the rates of cleavage and blastocysts formation were significantly higher (p<0.05) in hormone supplemented group than that of hormone-free group (25.7 vs, 12.1). The development rates to cleavage and blastocysts were significantly higher in PZM-5 group than NCSU-23 group (60.3%, 46.6% vs 27.4%, 11.1%). Further improvement was achieved when PZM-5 was supplemented with FBS. Cleavage rates was significantly higher in fresh semen source group than frozen semen (66.7% vs 43.7%). However in blastocysts rates was similar two groups. Post-thaw survival rates of embryos were 1.2% and 2.2% in slow-frezing and vitrification groups, respectively. The results of our study suggest that it is still possible to improve the culture conditions and boar semen cryopreservation for enhance reproductive technology and animal genetic resources conservation.