• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

This study suggests a method for calculating the benefits of water pipe renewal based on an estimate of the water supply suspension risk. The proposed method based on five benefit items is more direct and specific than other benefit estimation methods. In addition, a methodology evaluating the economics of pipe renewal based on pipe failure rate is proposed for estimating the optimal renewal point from an economic perspective. By estimating the optimal renewal period based on a yearly benefit cost ratio per pipe in a case study area, it was possible to draft an optimal renewal plan for the subject region from an economic perspective. Compared with other methodologies, a reasonable optimal renewal period was derived from an economic point of view. The result of this study may be used to develop future water pipe renewal plans. Moreover, the proposed methodologies and results derived from this study can be applied to asset management plans.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

This study is intended to propose a systematic approach for reliability-based assessment of life cycle cost (LCC) effectiveness and economic efficiency for cost-effective seismic upgrading of existing bridges. The LCC function is expressed as the sum of the upgrading cost and all the discounted life cycle damage costs, which is formulated as a function of the Park-Ang damage index and structural damage probability. The damage costs are expressed in terms of direct damage costs such as repair/replacement costs, human losses and property damage costs, and indirect damage costs such as road user costs and indirect regional economic losses. For dealing with a variety of uncertainties associated with earthquake loads and capacities, a simulation-based reliability approach is used. The SMART-DRAIN-2DX, which is a modified version of the well-known DRAIN-2DX, is extended by incor-porating LCC analysis based on the LCC function developed in the study. Economic efficiencies for optimal seismic upgradings of the continuous PC segmental bridges are assessed using the proposed LCC functions and benefit-cost ratio.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1997.12a
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• pp.33-69
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• 1997

This study was conducted to develop a methodology to predict utility pole accident rates and to evaluate cost-effectiveness for safety improvement for utility pole accidents. The utility pole accident rate prediction model was based on the encroachment rate approach introduced in the Transportation Research Board Special Report 214. The utility pole accident rate on a section of highway depends on the roadside encroachment rate and the lateral extent of encroachment. The encroachment rate is influenced by the horizontal and vertical alignment of the highway as well as traffic volume and mean speed. The lateral extent of encroachment is affected by the horizontal and vertical alignment, the mean speed and the roadside slope. An analytical method to generate the probability distribution function for the lateral extent of encroachment was developed for six kinds of encroachment types by the horizontal alignment and encroachment direction. The encroachment rate was calibrated with the information on highway and roadside conditions and the utility pole accident records collected on the sections of 55mph speed limit of the State Trunk Highway 12 in Wisconsin. The encroachment rate on a tangent segment was calibrated as a function of traffic volume with the actual average utility pole accident rates by traffic volume strategies. The adjustment factors for horizontal and vertical alignment were then derived by comparing the actual average utility pole accident rates to the estimations from the model calibrated for tangent and level sections. A computerized benefit-cost analysis procedure was then developed as a means of evaluating alternative countermeasures. The program calculates the benefit-cost ratio and the percent of reduction of utility pole accidents resulting from the implementation of a safety improvement. This program can be used to develop safety improvement: alternatives for utility pole accidents when a predetermined performance level is specified.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1997.12b
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• pp.35-72
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• 1997

This study was conducted to develop a methodology to predict utility pole accident rates and to evaluate cost-effectiveness for safety improvement for utility pole accidents. The utility pole accident rate prediction model was based on the encroachment rate approach introduced in the Transportation Research Board special Report 214. The utility pole accident rate on a section of highway depends on the roadside encroachment rate and the lateral extent of encroachment. The encroachment rate is influenced by the horizontal and vertical alignment of the highway as well as traffic volume and mean speed. The lateral extent of encroachment is affected by the horizontal and vertical alignment, the mean speed and the roadside slope. An analytical method to generate the probability distribution function for the lateral extent of encroachment was developed for six kinds of encroachment types by the horizontal alignment and encroachment direction. The encroachment rate was calibrated with the information on highway and roadside conditions and the utility pole accident records collected on the sections of 55mph speed limit of the State Trunk Highway 12 in Wisconsin. The encroachment rate on tangent segment was calibrated as a function of traffic volume with the actual average utility pole accident rates by traffic volume strategies. The adjustment factors for horizontal and vertical alignment were when derived by comparing the actual average utility pole accident rates to the estimations from the model calibrated for tangent and level sections. A computerized benefit-cost analysis procedure was then developed as a means of evaluating alternative countermeasures. The program calculates the benefit-cost ratio and the percent of reduction of utility pole accidents resulting from the implementation of a safety improvement. This program can be used to develop safety improvement alternatives for utility pole accidents when a predetermined performance level is specified.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.85-100
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• 2008

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) funded collaborative project on The Economic Feasibility Analysis of Crop Cultivation Practice Project in Pirganj and Kurigram Districts in Bangladesh will started during 2008-2012, for 4 years with total project cost of US$ 571,270. The project will be implemented in 6 villages; has 1,097 hectares areas which is divided into 948 hectares of agricultural land, 52 hectares of forest land and 345 hectares of other land, covered 1,059 households equal to 5,305 persons in Pirganj and Kurigram districts The project has proposed to be implemented in joint collaboration by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS) Bangladesh with full participation of the farmers' groups of respective project site. The specific objectives of the project are: (1) to estimate the productivity of paddy, wheat, maize, tobacco and sugarcane (2) to determine the cost of production and returns to the above mentioned crops (3) to study the interrelationship between inputs and output of the above mentioned crops and (4) to examine the resource utilization patterns at farm level. In this project analysis, the net incremental profit is US$33,028. The expected incremental project benefit and incremented production cost are estimated as US$ 219,959 and US$ 186,931 respectively. The financial decision making criteria would be followed in this crop cultivation practice project. After the project implementation, the expected project benefits are assumed to be continued for 15 years. The benefit cost ratio (B/C) of the project is estimated at 1.077 (table 11) when using discount rate of 10% as an opportunity cost of capital in Bangladesh. FIRR of project is estimated at 26.15% which is bigger than the opportunity cost by more than double. So this project is financially feasible and acceptable. Therefore, this project should be extended to other areas to increase the farm income and economic growth of marginal poor farmers in Bangladesh.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.409-428
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic feasibility of Busan Regional Central Library. The four candidate sites were included for the analysis. To achieve the purpose of this study, we applied three types of indices such as Benefit-Cost analysis, Net Present Value, and Internal Rate of Return. We used CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) to calculate the benefit; we conducted two investigations to calculate WTP, which are for pretest and for main survey. From results of pretest, we designed five optimal prices. On the basis of them, main survey was accomplished to figure out WTPs for four candidate sites. The results show that four candidate sites were all feasible from an economic point of view. Of these, the Busan Citizen Park site got the highest point of B/C ratio.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2010

This study presents a decision making process for installation of wind barrier which is used to reduce the wind acting on running vehicle on expressway. At the first stage of this study, the lateral deviations of running vehicles under side winds were computed from the commercial softwares, CarSim and TruckSim, and then the critical wind speeds for car accident were evaluated from predefined risk index. To determine whether it is needed to install wind barrier or not, cost and benefit from wind barrier are calculated during lifetime. In obtaining car accidental risk, probabilistic distribution of wind speed, daily traffic volume, mixture ratio in the volume, and duration time for wind speed range are considered. It is recommended to install wind barrier if benefit from the barrier installation exceed construction cost. In the numerical examples, case studies were shown for risk and benefit calculation and main risky regions on Korean highway were all evaluated to identify the number of installation sites.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2B
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• pp.217-223
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• 2006

This study is to investigate the effect of environmental mitigation in relation to the construction of quay structures for containers and to estimate economic values of environment-friendly structures using CVM. The result shows that the B/C ratio of environment-friendly quay structures designed to mitigate environmental impact is 4. That is, environmental improvement work proves to generate environmental benefit over 4 times as much as the construction cost. Considering the results of the study, environmental improvement work is of great benefit to citizens, and CVM is expected to become an efficient method to measure a proper size for a large construction project as well as to forge public consensus.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.817-841
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine feasibility of the 'Master Plan of 2013 Slow Food Expo(2013 AsiO Gusto), Korea' and to analyze the following economic effect. To this end, we used existing data and statistics, and estimated the demand by means of survey for people's traveling and questionnaires for ordinary Koreans. For examining financial feasibility for hosting the Expo, BC ratio (Benefit-Cost Ratio) and NPV (Net Present Value) was applied. For estimating the economic effect following the Expo, the effect on all over the country and the Gyeong-gi province was analyzed, using the MRIO (Model of Regional Input-Output). Specifically, with the net effect of Expo, the economic feasibility test shows 1.04~2.15 BC ratio with 10% free admission, and 1.02~2.27 BC ratio in Finance analysis. Furthermore, the Expo feeds through Gyeong-gi (including Nam-yang-ku) regional economies with production induction effect, value-added induction effect, and employment induction effect. The amounts of regional effects are 373.6~738.7 billion won, 166.2~327.4 billion won, and 1,971~2,009 persons, respectively. Also, the "2013 Slow Food Expo, Korea" was analyzed profitable in general. Residents in Nam-yang-ju expects the Expo to bring vitalities into their hometown. The Expo is highly related to the positive economic effectiveness of Nam-yang-ju.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4969-4976
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• 2015

South Korea has more than two-thirds of the land consists of mountainous terrain. It is necessary to enable the recycling of mountain tourism policy to allow people to use. This paper studied Bukhansan where there seems to have the most economical efficiency and effectiveness as an alternative means of transportation applying user'swillingnessto pay by age based upon the Study on Introduction Bukhansan Mountain Railway which was progressed as part of the balanced national development and railway promotion strategy. The Analyisis results are shown that cost-benefit ratio is Lim 0.73 and rack & pinion 0.8. The rack-and-pinion method is selected as an applicable alternative. If the new technologies are developed and made part of the construction of the tunnel route was judged as possible as an alternative way LIM