• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.46-63
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• 2012

The concept of an "intelligent building" received significant attention from academic, industry and standard development organizations when technically termed a building management system (BMS). Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and their recent development enhanced monitoring and control applications for the building's areas. This paper surveys and analyzes advantages of the main current and emerging approaches that may be fit for BMS. Specifically, we discuss challenges including interoperability, integration, overhead, and bandwidth limitation of WSNs in BMS. Based on analyses, we highlight the advantages of an IP-based and RESTful architecture approach as the most suitable solution for BMS using WSNs (BMS-WSN). The paper also describes our future direction and design for BMS-WSN based on these advantages. The purpose is to enable interaction of users with BMS-WSN in the same way as with any website while ensuring energy efficiency. A test-bed implementation and evaluation of a BMS application is also introduced in this paper to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of IP-based and RESTful architecture for BMS.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1992년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.96-103
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• 1992

To get a comfortable sleep, the most improtant thing is how well we do thermorgulate during the rest in bed before sleeping as well as during sleep. In other works, the ambient temperature of the sleeping room is very improtant in the organization of human sleep. In recent years, the effect of ambient temperature on human sleep has been increasingly stueided. These studies were primarily concerned with the relation between thermorgulatory processes and sleep, and more precisely with the findings that various thermoregulatory processes are inactivated or severly curtailed during REM sleep in a number of animals, also that panting and shivering in heat and cold, respectively, cease during REM sleep in cats. Haskel et al. noted that although REM sleep latency was increased at thigh and low temperature. REM sleep was depressed to a greater extent by lower than by higher temperatures whereas the reverse was obseved for SWS. It has also been found that a load omposed upon thermoregulatory mechanisms should markedly affect sleep processes, and that conversely, sleep in conditions of thermic stress should interfere with adequate thermorgulatory reactions. Sleep in an animala under thermic stress is, on the whole, both shorter and less deep than under normal thermic conditions.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1972

For the purpose to clarify the effects of nursing, intervention with comfort measures which promote rest, exercise and sleep on the patient′s rehabilitation, this study was carried out on 119 postoperative patients at St. Mary′s Hospital, the National Medical Center and Seoul Red Cross Hospital during the 9 months period from March 1971 to November 1971. In this study one experimental nursing approach was utilized; an emphasis on interpersonal techniques along with physical care-comfort measures. A daily evening care including support and instruction was given to facilitate interaction of nursing to the experimental group by the investigator. For the control group, routine hospital nursing care was performed. The nursing observation was followed for 4 days postoperatively and recorded in check list. The results of the findings were as follows. 1. 3.5% of control group and 32.3% of experimental group got out of bed within 24 hours postoperatively. 38.6% of control group got out of bed within 72 hours postoperatively where only 16.1% of the experimental group did (x$^2$= 19.865, p<0.005). Interaction in nursing is, in turn, significantly more effective than the usual routine care in improving rate of healing. 2. The irritations and tension that may interfere patient′s sleep and rest at night can be reduced to a minimum if nursing environment is better controlled with planned nursing care for individual patient. Various treatments which tend to give patient discomfort may preferably be performed before 6 p.m. if not absolutely indicated. 3. During 4 days of observation the patients without administration of sedatives and analgesics postoperatively were 25.9% in the experimental group where as 10.5% in the control group. The frequency of administration of sedatives and analgesics in average was 1.4 in the experimental group, and 2.0 in the control group. This indicates that not all postoperative discomforts expressed by the patients should be regarded as incision pain, and those discomforts could be relieved to a certain extent by nursing interventions effectively. 4. There were significant differences between the responses to nursing care given in the experimental group and 33% of the control group in average through 4 days of observation responded "good". 3.6% of the experimental group and 17. 1% of the control group responded "poor" in this study. It was recommended that the study be replicated in a more defined and controlled manner. Some alternative areas for investigation were suggested.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.203-215
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs for exercise of adult inpatients and ultimately to provide basic data for planning nursing intervention of patients who need exercise. The tool used for this study was a structured questionnaire which consisted of 42 items. The test items were classified into seven factors. The seven factors of the needs for exercise were need for achievement, need for activity, need for affiliation, need for autonomy, need for catharsis, need for homeostasis, and need for exhibition. Subjects of this study were 127 patients in two general hospitals in Seoul, and one general hospital in Chun Ann City. The needs of exercise were identified and the data were analyzed by gender, age, occupation, education level, monthly income, size of patient room, patient group who requires exercise and the other patient group who requires bed rest, using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test as post-hoc. The findings of this study were as follows ; 1) Among the needs for exercise of adult patients, the highest level of the needs was the need for homeostasis. The next highest was the need for achievement, then need for activity, need for catharsis, need for autonomy, need for affiliation, and the lowest was the need for exhibition. 2) Maintaining physical fitness stood first in the need for homeostasis, relieving psychological and physical powerlessness in the need for activity, mood diversion in the need for catharsis, happiness of the family in the need for affiliation, maintaining the balanced body figure in the need for exhibition, practicing planned life in the need for achievement, and improving the ability to overcome the crisis in the need for autonomy. 3) Male patients exhibited the higher level of the needs than female patients in all factors except the need for exhibition and homeostasis. 4) There was no statistical difference in the needs between age, occupation, monthly income, and the size of patient room. 5) The need for achievement was high as the level of education goes higher. 6) The patients who performed regular exercise before admission had higher needs for activity, achievement, and autonomy, compared with the patients who did not perform the regular exercise before admission. 7) There was no statistical difference in the needs between patient group who requires exercise and the other patient group who requires bed rest. The need for homeostasis was the highest in both groups. The results from this study suggest that the need for exercise of adult inpatients should be assessed before planning exercise intervention.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of meridian acupressure for enhancement of post operative bowel movement to the patient with absolute bed rest who having surgery under general anesthesia. This study used a qusai experimental, nonequivalent control group post test only design. This subject were 44 patients, 22 for the experimental and 22 for the control group, who were admitted at KyungHee University hospital, neurosurgical unit A and B ward, assigned by matched sample by the name of operation who having microvascular decompression and laminectomy. Date were collected from May 1, 2001 to June 30, 2001 by auscultation, self report and by using 7 point face scale. The recovery of bowel sound were measured every 4 hours until gas out for 1 minute auscultation on lower abdomen after 4 hours having surgery. The time of gas out were measured by self report, the severity of nausea were measured every 4 hours for 7 point face scale and also the degree of satisfaction of nursing care were measured after 2 days having surgery with same scale. Data were analyzed with $X^2$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and ANOVA. The result of this study were as follows; 1. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed shorter time the recovery of bowel sound after having surgery than control group(t=-5.112, p=.0001). 2. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed shorter time of gas after having surgery than control group(t=-4.010, p=.0001) 3. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed decreased level of nausea score according to time interval than control group(F=21.995, p=.0001). 4. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed higher the degree of satisfaction of nursing care than control group(t=-4.010, p=.0001). These finding indicate that a meridian acupressure could be a effective nursing intervention for enhancement of post operative bowel movement to the patient with absolute bed rest who having surgery under general anesthesia.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권3B호
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• pp.503-516
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 유무선 통합 환경에서 융합 미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위한 통합 프로파일 및 인증 제어 기술로써, 시스템 구현을 통한 결과를 제시한다. 가입자의 접속, 서비스, 이동성, 방송형 프로파일을 관리하고 개방형 API(Application Program Interface)를 통해서 제3사업자에게 가입자 프로파일 정보를 PUSH/PULL 방식으로 제공하는 방안을 제안한다. 이때 개방형 API는 웹 서비스, REST(Representational State Transfer) 기반으로 구현하여 제3사업자가 쉽게 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 방식을 제안한다. 또한, 한번 접속 인증에 성공하면 액세스 망이 변하거나 혹은 IMS(IP Multimedia Subsystem) 기반의 서비스 망에 접속하게 될 때 동일한 인증 정보를 유지할 수 있는 SSO(Single Sign-On) 기능을 제안한다. 제안된 방식은 CUPS(Converged User Profile Server) 시험 네트워크 구현 연구를 통하여 기능 검증 및 성능 분석을 수행하였다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1970

Studies on the feeding and resting behavior of Culex pipiens pallens, a possible vector of Japanese encephalitis in Korea, was carried out at Kobu-Ri, Kobu-Myon, Chongup Kun. Cholla Pukdo in 1967. 1. Indoor and outdoor human biting collections showed that 47.3 per cent Culex pipiens pallens were collected indoors and 52.7 per cent outdoors. 2.Feeding occurred throughout the night from dusk to dawn, with the peak period from 23:00-24:00 hours outside the house and from 24:00-01:00 hours inside. 3. Culex pipiens pallens females preferred man for their blood feeding to domestic animals. The results of human and cow biting collections showed that the feeding ratio between man and cow was 2.1 to 1. As to the feeding preference to the domestic animals, the ratio among cow, pig and horse was 7.3 to 5.1 to 5.4 4. Daytime resting collections showed that large numbers of Culex pipiens pallens females rest inside the house, especially in the bed room and the chicken pen. As temperatures increased, fewer mosquitoes resting indoors and more mosquitoes rest ing outdoors were caught. By means of sweep-net collections at outdoors resting places, a small number of Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes were caught in such places as grass fields, vegetable fields, barley fields, bean fields, culverts, bomb shelters, and so on. A comparison between number of mosquitoes collected resting during the day in bedrooms and verandahs with resting collections in the same places at night showed that more mosquitoes were present at night. It was observed that the majority of the unfed females rested before feeding at night.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2003

With 106 detached houses where the elderly people lives, this study was conducted to perform a survey of their residential environment. The results of this study were summarized as follows: While the surveyed houses' safety, sanitation and convenience appeared to be positive, with respect to the conditions of location, 73.6% of the surveyed houses did not meet the requirements for comfort. The average area of each space indicated that the bed room was $12.09m^2$, the living room $14.38m^2$, the kitchen $8.96m^2$, the bath room $3.93m^2$, and the rest room $259m^2$. Then, 93.3% of the bed room had the doorsill. Also, 97.2% of the surveyed houses had retrievable space. The forms of the living room door were a hinged door(55.7%) and a sliding door(44.3%). The 43.4% of the finished material of the living room was wood which was highest. The cooking table forms of kitchen were mainly "ㄱ"-shaped(50.0%) and "ㅡ"-shaped(48.0%), and their average height was 815mm. The fuel used for kitchen was mainly the gas which accounted for 93.4%, but 95.3% of houses had no gas-warning devices. Most houses(77.4%) had an integrated type of bathroom and toilet. In addition, 63.2% houses had the stepped difference between the bathroom and other spaces. But they had no a sliding-prevention devices(not for 92.5%) or heating systems(not for 93.4%) in the bathroom.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.145-162
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand magnitude and its related factors of user's cost-sharing for non-covered services in long-term care facilities. We corrected data for 1,016 subjects, based on the long-term care benefits cost specification. Eighteen subjects were excluded from the data analysis due to missing data on family care-givers characteristics. Finally, 998 subjects were included in the study. The average cost of non-covered services per month was 209,093 won and distributed from 0 to 1,011,490 won. There was a significant difference by the characteristics of family care-givers and long-term care facilities. The monthly average cost for meal materials per person was 199,181 won(0~558,000), average cost of additional charge caused by using private bed was 232,992 won (50,000~600,000), and costs for haircut and cosmetics were 8,599 won. For the rest, there were various programs costs(93,328 won), diaper and its disposal cost(109,628 won), purchase cost for daily necessaries(24,435 won) and etc. The related factors for the magnitude of non-covered services expenditures were education level of family care-givers, occupancy rate and location of LTC facilities, and the costs of using private bed, haircut and cosmetics, and various programs among non-covered services. These findings suggest that present level range of LTC facilities users' cost-sharing is wide and it is urgent to prepare the standard guideline for cost and level in non-covered services.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2008

119 구급대를 이용하여 급성관상동맥증후군을 진단 받은 97명의 환자평가로는 혈압 27.8%, 호흡 23.7%, 맥박 33.0%를 측정하였고, 응급처치로는 산소공급 52.6%, 안정 12.4%, 심전도 체크 4.1%, Nitroglycerin(NTG) Aspirin 정맥로 확보 둥은 0%로 전체적인 수행율이 낮게 확인되어 급성관상동맥증후군 환자의 병원 전 처치가 제대로 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 따라서 구급대인의 질적 향상을 위해서 실무중심의 지속적인 교육, 교육 후에는 반드시 평가를 병행하여 적정수준 미달자에게는 재교육을 받도록 하는 등 구급대원의 자질을 강화시킬 수 있도록 내부적인 초안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.