• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of restorative materials on the marginal leakage of wedge-shaped class V cavity. The study was performed in vitro in 25 defect-free permanent, extracted teeth. Wedge-shaped class V cavities were prepared and then the teeth were randomly selected and restored according to the following. Group A : restoration with Tetric Ceram(composite resin) Group B : restoration with Tetric flow(flowable resin) Group C : restoration with Compoglass after acid etching(compomer) Group D : restoration with Compoglass(compomer) Group E : restoration with Fuji II LC improved(resin-modified GIC) After thermocycling, the specimens were immersed in 5% basic fuchsin solution for 6 hours and sectioned longitudinally through the center of the restoration. The degree of marginal leakage was measured as the extent of dye penetration under the stereomicroscope. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. When significant differences found, multiple comparisons were made using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results were as follows: 1. The occlusal margins of all groups except for Fuji II LC improved showed lesser leakage than gingival margins and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 2. At the occlusal margins, group A, B showed same marginal leakage scores, and others were decreased as group C, D, E in that order. There were statistically significant difference between group A, Band group D, E, group C and group E(p<0.05). 3. At the gingival margins, group B, C showed same marginal leakage scores, and others were decreased as group A, D, E in that order. But there was statistically significant difference between group B, C and group E(p<0.05). 4. In the Compoglass restoration, acid-etching technique was beneficial for marginal sealing ability at all of margins. But there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). In the restorations for wedge-shaped class V cavities, resin restoration with acid etching technique is recommended.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.284-293
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• 2018

Objectives: Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the active ingredients of herbal plants such as Nigella sativa L. (NS) which has beneficial effects on the body. The beneficial effects of TQ on the cardiovascular system have reported. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TQ on cardiac fibrosis and permeability, serum and tissue concentration of inflammatory markers and oxidative stress status in chronic lipopolysaccharide exposure in male rats. Methods: Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: (1) control; (2) LPS (1 mg/kg/day); (3-5) LPS + TQ with three doses of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg (n=14 in each group). After 3 weeks, serum and cardiac levels of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and cardiac levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol groups, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, permeability of heart tissue (evaluated by Evans blue dye method) and myocardial fibrosis were determined, histologically. Results: LPS administration induced myocardial and perivascular fibrosis and increased cardiac oxidative stress (MDA), inflammatory markers and heart permeability, while, reduced anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD and CAT) and the total thiol group. Administration of TQ significantly attenuated these observations. Conclusion: TQ improved myocardial and perivascular fibrosis through suppression of chronic inflammation and improving oxidative stress status and can be considered for attenuation of cardiac fibrosis in conditions with chronic low-grade inflammation.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.48-64
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• 2019

With evolution in the production environment of the textile industry, the need for non-water-based dyeing technologies and eco-friendly process facilities in the dyeing and processing stages has increased. In recent years, supercritical fluid dyes have been developed and commercialized in Europe, centering on this demand. However, so far, such dyes have been mainly applied in the processing of PET fibers. Basic research has mainly involved investigation of dyeing by supercritical carbon dioxide or solubility of such dyes, and more in-depth research should be continuously carried out. In this review, we describe the types and characteristics of supercritical fluids that exhibit specific properties at pressures and temperatures over the critical point. In addition, the state of the art in the dyeing and processing technology using supercritical fluids and associated, processing problems, environmental regulation, and wastewater treatment issues are described in detail. We hope this review can contribute to the supercritical fluid technology being further developed as an environment friendly dyeing processing method. Furthermore, we expect that the technique can be used as a means of ensuring different, high-quality dyed products.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.210-219
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• 2021

It was intended to conduct basic research to reduce development lead time and cost consumed in DTP process technology development. For the simulation of HTPE fabric, virtual engineering software was used to generate fiber model, yarn model, fabric model, and finite element model of HTPE fiber. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation and error rate between the stiffness numerical analysis results according to the direct DTP process parameters using reactive dyes in the generated finite element model and the stiffness measurements of the actual sample ac- cording to ASTM D1388. And, after dyeing the HTPE plain fabric according to the direct DTP process parameters, we want to analyze the dyeability of the HTPE fabric fabrics according to the direct DTP process parameters through the color fastness analysis. When looking at the results of the analysis of the finite element model, a higher value was shown when the distance between the nozzle and the fabric was 3mm than when the distance was 10mm. When the distance between the nozzle and the fabric was 10mm and 7mm, the reactive dye did not penetrate sufficiently, resulting in poor clarity when viewed with the naked eye.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.627-634
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• 2023

In recent decades, a number of simulation models for microsurgical training have been published. The human placenta has received extensive validation in microneurosurgery and is a useful instrument to facilitate learning in microvascular repair techniques as an alternative to using live animals. This study uses a straightforward, step-by-step procedure for instructing the creation of simulators with dynamic flow to characterize the placental vascular tree and assess its relevance for plastic surgery departments. Measurements of the placental vasculature and morphological characterization of 18 placentas were made. After the model was used in a basic microsurgery training laboratory session, a survey was given to nine plastic surgery residents, two microsurgeons, and one hand surgeon. In all divisions, venous diameters were larger than arterial diameters, with minimum diameters of 0.8 and 0.6 mm, respectively. The majority of the participants considered that the model faithfully reproduces a real microsurgical scenario; the consistency of the vessels and their dissection are similar in in vivo tissue. Furthermore, all the participants considered that this model could improve their surgical technique and would propose it for microsurgical training. As some of the model's disadvantages, an abundantly thick adventitia, a thin tunica media, and higher adherence to the underlying tissue were identified. The color-perfused placenta is an excellent tool for microsurgical training in plastic surgery. It can faithfully reproduce a microsurgical scenario, offering an abundance of vasculature with varying sizes similar to tissue in vivo, enhancing technical proficiency, and lowering patient error.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage at the interface of cast post and tooth according to the type of cement. Forty anterior teeth with single root were used. The teeth were cut 2 mm coronal from the cementoeamel junction and chamfer finish line was made on 1 mm coronal from the cementoeamel junction. After the routine endodontic treatment, post space was prepared using #5.5 Parapost drill to a depth of 7 mm. After the pick up impression, core building was made to 3 mm of clinical crown with burnout wax, then post and core was cast with nonprecious metal. The teeth were divided into four groups of ten each. In Group I, post and core were cemented with Fleck's(Zinc phosphate cement) In Group II, post and core were cemented with Fuji I(Glass ionomer cement) In Group III, post and core were cemented with Superbond C & B(Composite resin cement) In Group IV, post and core were cemented with Panavia 21(Composite resin cement) All cemented teeth were stored in normal saline at $37^{\circ}C$ for 7 days and thermocycled from $5^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$ for 500 cycles with a dwell time of 30 seconds. After thermocycling, teeth were immersed in 1% Basic fuchsin dye for 48 hours. All 40 teeth were then embedded in the epoxy resin and cut buccolingually with a cutting instrument. The degree of penetration of dye at interface was graded on a scale of 0 to 4 using a stereomicroscope at 25 to 40 times magnification. Through the findings of this study, the following conclusion were obtained. 1. All the groups showed the microleakage at the interface of cast post core and tooth. 2. Group I showed the highest microleakage score among the groups with a significant difference(p<0.05). 3. Group II showed higher microleakage score than Group III and Group IV with a significant difference(p<0.05). 4. Group IV showed the lowest microleakage score but there were no significant difference with Group III(p>0.05).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.12
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• pp.1-5
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• 1972

In order to compare the analytical efficiency of the Kjeldahal, Dye binding and Biurett method for the determination of nitrogen content in the brown rice, correlation coefficients were calculate with the analytical data obtained by the above mentioned 3 different methods for the brown rice of 36 varieties or lines grown at 5 different nitrogen levels (0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0kg/10a). Analysis of variance were made for the data of 6 varieties among those 36, and compared the precision of the data obtained by the 3 analytical methods. The expenditure (in terms of chemicals and labour) required for the 3 methods are also compared. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The correlation between D. B. C. and Kjeldahl value were generally more significant than the correlation between the value of Biurett and the value of Kjeldahl. But, the D. B. C. method generally overestimates than the Kjeldahl method at both extreme low and extreme high nitrogen contents, and the Biurett method includes more dispersed error than other two methods, though the optical values are parallel to the Kjeldahl nitrogen values at any levels of nitrogen applied. 2. The varietal difference in nitrogen value obtained by the 3 methods were different at the different nitrogen level applied. That is the interaction between variety and analytical method, and between the nitrogen level and analytical method were significant statistically. 3. The coefficient of variance (C, V.) was largest in the data analyzed by Biurett method and next in the data analayred by D. B. C. method. In the data analyzed by Biurett, the C. V. increased along onglong increase of nitrogen applied. But, in the data obtained by D. B. C. or Biurett the C. V. increased along the decrease of nitrogen applied. 4. From the comparison of the expenditure (in terms of chemicals and labour) required for the analysis of 100 samples by 3 methods, it was noticed that, the Biurett or D. B. C. method largely curtail the chemical expenditure and labour costs. Especially the Biurett method could curtail more labour costs.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.110-114
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• 2010

The equilibrium of adsorption of basics dyes RB 5 and BG 4 from a single dyes in the mixtures on the sodium-exchanged clay of the Maghnia (Algeria) was studied. The maximum adsorption capacities of BR5 and BG4 in single dyes were 465.13 and 469.90 mg/g respectively. In the simultaneous adsorption of BR5 and BG4 from mixture solutions, three different initials concentrations ratios R (R=$C_{(BR5)}/C_{(BG4)}$) were tested: 2.5/1, 1/1 and 1/2.5 using ADMI method. The isotherms adsorptions of dyes from the mixtures are characteristics of competition phenomenon. A very strong interaction between BR5 and BG4 for the active sites of adsorption of surface of clay is obtained for R = 1/1. The ratio R' (R'=$Qe_{(mixture)}/Qe_{(single)}$) of the adsorption capacity of BR5 and BG4 in the mixture were reduced by factor of 0.86, 0.74 and 0.84 for the initials concentrations ratios R (R=$C_{(BR5)}/C_{(BG4)}$) of 2.5/1, 1/1 and 1/2.5 respectively. The variation of the ratio of the adsorption capacity R‘ of BR5 and BG4 in the mixture solutions with initial concentration ratios R indicates that BR5 dye is slightly favourable in the competition adsorption than BG4. Langmuir and Freundlich models fit very well with adsorption behaviour of single dyes as well as the dyes in mixture solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.125-137
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• 2012

This study examines the stage costumes of the creative musical 'Hyecho', which was performed six times in the Chung Ang Art Center hosted by Chung-Ang University's performance & media agency from December 20 to 22 in 2006. The stage costumes were made based on these basic design elements of stage costumes that were dyed : line, silhouette, material, and color. First, the creative musical 'Hyecho' presents a new form of fusion theatre, which blends Korean traditional music and dance with videos. Thereby, the musical has opened a new phase in Korea's creative performing arts. Second, in musical performances that combines dance and songs, stage costumes should be made not only to attract the audience's eyes, but also not to interrupt actors' vocalizations and movements by taking their physical features into account. Also, costumes should be made in consideration of their relationships with visual elements, including stage settings and lighting. Third, the musical features fusion-style stage costumes, which combines Hanbok, the Korean traditional costume, and Indian traditional costumes with modern costumes. For the line and silhouette, costumes show the beauty of curves through the curves of Hanbok and India's traditional costumes and also through irregular pleats of pants. Also, by using cotton materials, which is easy to dye and not readily deformed, costumes feature colors that are found in nature through a gradation dyeing technique. In doing so, it offers visual amusement to the audience by making stage costumes look like a beautiful painting. Fourth, the stage costumes of the chorus feature costumes that use lining and pleated skirts using belts, and various accessories, including necklaces that use strings in order to express evil spirits. Since there is not much time to change costumes during a performance, using such items are helpful to show the unique characteristics of actors effectively during the limited time. Also, coordinating with the lighting director allows the costume designer to make better costumes for the chorus and make the performance more dramatic. Finally, it was not necessary to wash the costumes of the chorus of the fusion musical Hyecho 2006 since it was performed only six times. However, when using dyed costumes for the long-term performance, it might cause problems such as bleaching that result from the washing of costumes and low durability that can result in the deformation of costumes. As performing arts are made in various forms and are diversified, it is needed for stage costumes to change accordingly through new attempts and various ways of expression.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 2012

In this study, commercial poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film was dyed with reactive dichroic dyes under mild conditions using organic solvents in stead of strong basic aqueous solution. After drawing of 500% of this PVA film, the polarizing efficiency and the single piece transmittance were measured. The degree of saponification of the commercialized PVA film was determined by using NMR and FT-IR spectromety. The commercial PVA film, with ca. 100% of the degree of saponification determined by NMR spectrometry, was dyed with the reactive dichroic dyes, which have 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-triazine moiety. As a result, we found that the PVA film dyed with the reactive congo red showed relatively good polarization efficiency, and the PVA film dyed with the reactive direct black 22 exhibited relatively good single piece transmittance.