• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.272-280
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• 1994

Total 400 St.Jude Medical Bileaflet Valves were implanted in 336 pts from January 1983 to June 1993; 64 were aortic, 205 were mitral, 64 were double valve and 3 were tricuspid position. The follow up period extended from 6 months to 10 years[mean 24.3 months]. Male to female ratio was 1:1.7. There were total 27 deaths[cardiac related 20, cardiac non-related 7]. Overall mortality was 2.9%/pt-yr. There were 10 early deaths[3.0%] and 10 late cardiac related deaths [3.0%]. Prosthetic valve related complications occurred in 19 patients[5.7%] and among them, seven died; four died of thromboembolic events, two died of anticoagulants therapy related hemorrhagic complications and one died of bacterial endocarditis. NYHA class improved significantly especially in aortic valve replacement and double valve replacement. In AVR cases, the mean NYHA was 2.8 preoperatively and 1.3 postoperatively. And in DVR cases, 3.3 preoperatively and 2.2 postoperatively. The decision to employ a particular prosthesis was made according to the anticipated or known complications of the valve. The St.Jude Medical Valve retains all the hazards of other mechanical valves, most notably, thromboembolism. But the hemodynamic performance of St.Jude Medical Valve compared most favorably with other substitute valves in many reports. 0ur experience didn`t show any differences compared other authors in terms of valve related complication. So we concluded St. Jude Medical Valve can be primarily considered in the selection of artificial valve except in the patients when the usage of anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2007

We evaluated the use of citrus fruit fermented by lactic acid bacteria, as a feed supplement for flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) cultivation. For the fermentation, a lactic acid bacterial strain W-44 showing antibacterial activity was isolated from kimchi. From the phylogenetic analysis based on, 16S rDNA sequence, the strain W-44 was identified as Lactococcus lactis. After the fermentation of citrus fruit with L. lactis W-44, the contents of naringenin and hesperetin, bioactive flavonoid aglycones, were increased about ten-fold and six-fold, respectively. The effects of fermented citrus fruit-based feed additives (CFBFA) were tested on the growth of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. There were significant differences in average total length and body weight between the experimental and control group. The growth rate of the experimental group fed with the 0.2% CFBFA-supplemented diet was increased 4.5% and 20.9% more than the control group in total length and body weight, respectively. These results suggest that the fermented citrus fruit could be used as a functional feed additive for flounder cultivation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2009

The genetically modified leaffolder-resistant (Cry1Ac1) rice plant was evaluated for the changes of resistance by comparing the occurrence of major diseases with a japonica type Korean rice variety, Nakdong which was the mother plant of the transgenic rice event, in greenhouse and field conditions. There was no difference in the occurrence of sheath blight and Helminthosporium blight between the two varieties in the fields. We couldn't find any difference of resistance for fungal blast and bacterial leaf blight by artificial inoculation in greenhouse. There was also no difference in the susceptibility to sheath blight in artificial inoculation tests confirming the results in the fields. The possibility of gene transfer of Bar and Cry1Ac1 from the genetically modified rice plant to naturally infected pathogens such as Fusarium moniliforme and Pyricularia oryzae in the field conditions was tested by PCR. And the possible transfer of those genes by continuous inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani was also tested. However, we couldn't find any possibility of transfer of the genes in natural and artificial conditions.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2004

The emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics during therapy is a matter of great problem in clinical medicine. This may be because many veterinarians have used inappropriate antibiotics without bacteriological culture. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine isolation of anaerobic bacteria as pathogens from veterinary clinical specimens as well as susceptibility pattern for choosing antibiotics. Various anaerobic bacteria were isolated from clinical specimens of dogs, cats, rabbits at Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University from May 2001 to October 2002. The total number of isolated anaerobic bacteria was 13 isolates; Bacteroides spp. (3 isolates), Fusobacterium spp. (2 isolates), Peptostreptococcus spp. (2 isolates), Porphyromonas gingivalis (2 isolates), Prevotella spp. (3 isolates), and Propionibacterium acnes (1 isolate). For evaluating the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates disk diffusion method was used. All isolates were susceptable to all tested antibiotics except only one Fusobacterium varium was resistant to norfloxacin.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.90-94
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• 2011

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a very serious disease in rice growing regions of the world. There are no effective ways of protecting rice from the disease. In this study, the bacteriophage (phage) mixtures infecting Xoo were investigated as biological control agent on BLB. The effects of pH, heat and ultraviolet on the stability of phages were investigated to check and increase the possibility of practical use in the field. Phages were rather stable between pH 5 and pH 10. The infectivity dropped sharply when the phages were incubated at $50^{\circ}C$ and more than 90% of the phages were inactivated after two minutes of ultraviolet treatment. The phages were stable for 7 days at the rice plant leaves, and the phages survived 10 times more than other treatments when mixed with skim milk. Although the skim milk increased the stability of the phages, the control efficacy was not effective. However, the phage mixtures reduced the occurrence of BLB when they were treated with Tecloftalam WP or Acibenzolar-S-methyl simultaneously. The results indicated that the Xoo phages could be used as an alternative control method to increase the control efficacy and reduce the use of agrochemicals.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

During the period from 1999 to 2008, we surveyed the major diseases incidence of rice in Korea. Leaf blast showed 0.85% of the diseased leaf area in 2000 and then consistently decreased to 0.02% by 2008. However, panicle blast irregularly appeared by the years depending on weather conditions for disease development from heading to milk stage of rice. Diseased lesion height of sheath blight had the lowest (10.1%) incidence in 2001 and the highest (21.4%) incidence in 2007. A negative corelation ($r=-0.88^*$) was measured between diseased lesion height of sheat blight and sunshine hours from mid- to late August. In Chunbuk, Gyeongbuk, and Gyeongnam provinces, brown spot occurrence declined since 2001, however, in Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeonnam provinces, it increased since 2005. False smut drastically decreased after showing the highest incidence of 7.59% in panicles in 2000. The correlation coefficient between diseased panicles of false smut and rainfall during the late August was calculated as $0.94^{**}$. Bacterial leaf blight severely increased in the chronically infested fields in Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Gyeongnam, and Chungnam province since 2003.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.312-316
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• 2012

In order to understand the effect of hydrostatic pressure (HP) on Bacillus subtilis isolated from makgeolli, the survival of B. subtilis after HP treatment (400 MPa for 5 min) in various substrates including phosphate buffer, tryptone soya broth at pH 7 and 4, and makgeolli at pH 4 was evaluated depending on bacterial forms (spores and vegetative cells) and adaptation conditions ($25^{\circ}C$ for 3 h, or $10^{\circ}C$ for 24 h). Spores were generally resistant to HP (<1 log reduction) regardless of conditions. In contrast, vegetative cells were generally susceptible to HP (up to 3 log reduction-except makgeolli) and were more susceptible after 3 h at $25^{\circ}C$ compared to 24 h at $10^{\circ}C$. In vegetative cells inoculated makgeolli (7 log CFU/mL), the colonies were not detected after 24 h at $10^{\circ}C$. Consequently, B. subtilis in makgeolli easily existed as spores and the spores were resistant to HP. Results demonstrate that HP was more promising in the inactivation of vegetative cells.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2011

Garre's osteomyelitis is associated with bacterial infection and bone necrosis resulting from obstruction of blood supply. The most common cause for Garre's osteomyelitis is odontogenic infection that originates from periodontal tissue or dental pulp. Subperiosteal abscess may also cause Garre's osteomyelitis in the progress of the infection. Mandible is more often affected than maxilla, most commonly in the permanent first molar region of mandible. Clinically, it results in a hard swelling over the jaw, producing facial asymmetry. Meanwhile, radiograph shows a characteristic feature of irregular pulpal cavity, showing new periosteal proliferation located in successive layers to the condensed cortical bone on stimulated site. The treatment method for Garre's osteomyelitis are removal of the infection source, root canal treatment, antibiotic medication, and incision and drainage. This report presents a case of Garre's osteomyelitis under 15 years old. The patient was successfully treated by antibiotic medication accompanied with root canal treatment. Since the symptom of pediatric patients is less severe than adult, careful diagnosis with history taking and clinical examination is necessary. Furthermore long-term follow-up examination is needed to prevent recurrence even after the symptom disapears.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2010

Arowana (Scleropages formosus) is the most valuable group of ornamental fishes and very much in demand in the ornamental fish trade and commands high price ranging from hundreds to thousands of dollars per fish. In this paper, we described a case of mortality of arowana from a private aquarium in Korea. A bacterial pathogen from fish organs (brain, kidney, liver) was cultured, identified and confirmed using Vitek System 2, API 20E test, multiplex PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The morphological and biochemical properties of the bacterium isolated from the brain, kidney and liver of the fish were similar to Aeromonas sobria. Positive amplification products using the multiplex PCR assay for detection of A. sobria were obtained from these organs. The 16S rRNA gene of the isolates from fish was identical and exhibited 100% sequence similarity with A. sobria (AY987762.1) strain available from GenBank. This bacterium contained hemolysin gene, a virulence factor that plays an important role in outbreaks of disease and is pathogenic to humans as well as in fish. Although this opportunistic bacterium was isolated from a fish without any external symptoms, this pathogen may act as a reservoir and enhance chances of zoonosis to human such as during handling.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.618-621
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• 2010

A giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) that was reared for public exhibition in a private commercial aquarium in Seoul, Korea, was recently found dead. The fish had evidenced symptoms including anorexia, lethargy, and depression persisting for two weeks. A bacterial pathogen from fish organs (kidney, liver, spleen) was cultured, identified and confirmed as Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, using a Vitek System 2, API 20E test, multiplex PCR, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In this paper, we have described the isolation and identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae from a giant grouper reared in a private aquarium in Korea.