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Ecological Characteristics of Bacteriophages Infecting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Their Use as Biocontrol Agents

벼 흰잎마름병균 파지의 생태학적 특성 및 이를 이용한 생물방제

  • Yu, Sang-Mi (Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Noh, Tae-Hwan (Reclaimed Land Agricultue Research Div. Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Min (Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Jeon, Tae-Woog (Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, and Plant Medical Research Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Kee (Plant Pathology Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Se-Won (Plant Pathology Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • You, Oh-Jong (Microbial Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Byung-Seok (Microbial Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Hoon (Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University)
  • 유상미 (전북대학교 환경생명자원대학 생명공학부) ;
  • 노태환 (국립식량과학원 간척지농업과) ;
  • 김동민 (전북대학교 환경생명자원대학 생명공학부) ;
  • 전태욱 (전북대학교 환경생명신기술연구소 및 식물의학연구센터) ;
  • 이영기 (국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 이세원 (국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 유오종 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과) ;
  • 김병석 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과) ;
  • 이용훈 (전북대학교 환경생명자원대학 생명공학부)
  • Received : 2010.03.02
  • Accepted : 2011.03.17
  • Published : 2011.04.30

Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a very serious disease in rice growing regions of the world. There are no effective ways of protecting rice from the disease. In this study, the bacteriophage (phage) mixtures infecting Xoo were investigated as biological control agent on BLB. The effects of pH, heat and ultraviolet on the stability of phages were investigated to check and increase the possibility of practical use in the field. Phages were rather stable between pH 5 and pH 10. The infectivity dropped sharply when the phages were incubated at $50^{\circ}C$ and more than 90% of the phages were inactivated after two minutes of ultraviolet treatment. The phages were stable for 7 days at the rice plant leaves, and the phages survived 10 times more than other treatments when mixed with skim milk. Although the skim milk increased the stability of the phages, the control efficacy was not effective. However, the phage mixtures reduced the occurrence of BLB when they were treated with Tecloftalam WP or Acibenzolar-S-methyl simultaneously. The results indicated that the Xoo phages could be used as an alternative control method to increase the control efficacy and reduce the use of agrochemicals.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae에 의해서 발생하는 벼 흰잎마름병은 세계적으로 벼 재배지역에서 큰 피해를 주고 있다. 그러나, 이 병의 효과적인 방제 수단은 적은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 벼 재배지의 관개수에서 분리한 Xoo 파지를 이용하여 흰잎마름병을 생물적으로 방제하고자 하였다. 먼저 포장에서의 사용가능성을 확인하기 위하여 pH, 온도, 자외선에 대한 Xoo 파지의 안정성을 조사하였다. Xoo 파지는 pH 5-pH 10 사이에서는 안정적이었고, $50^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 이상 처리시 대부분 불활성화 되었다. 자외선을 조사하였을 때는 약 2분간의 노출에서도 불활성화 되었다. 벼의 유묘에 살포한 파지는 세균이 없이도 7일간 벼 잎에서 활성을 유지하였고, 스킴 밀크에 혼합하여 살포하면 PBS 완충액에 넣어 살포한 것 보다 10배 이상의 생존율을 보였다. 그러나 이러한 생존율의 증가에도 불구하고 포장에서의 방제효과는 저조하였다. 하지만 파지 혼합액을 Tecloftalam WP, ASM 등과 혼합하여 동시에 살포하면 방제효과가 월등히 증가하였다. 이상의 결과는 Xoo 파지가 흰잎마름병의 방제에 사용될 수 있으며, 약제의 사용 빈도나 농도를 줄여 줄 수 있을 것임을 의미한다.

Keywords

References

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