• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.691-702
• /
• 2022

This study verifies the diversification effect when non-financial asset such as fractional music royalties investment which is recently get interest from masses, is included in traditional global asset allocation portfolio. From Jan 2019 when Music Royalties index is announced to Jun 2022, compared traditional global asset allocation portfolio and the portfolio included with music royalties. To eliminate the enhancement effect from portfolio strategy itself rather than including non-financial asset, used the four basic portfolio strategy such as buy & hold, constant rebalanced, mean variance, risk parity. As a result, all the portfolios included with music royalties shows less risk with higher returns. This means the sharpe ratio has enhanced and that results the portfolio diversification effect is placed. The empirical analysis of the study found academic significance in that the portfolio included with music royalties investment has diversification effect, and show the possibilities the not only on the music royalties, other non-financial asset can be shown the portfolio diversification effect.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.368-377
• /
• 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi complex extract(Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract) on the mediators related to degenerative arthritis in a monosodium iodoacetate-induced rat model of degenerative arthritis. Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract was administered orally at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks before direct injection of monosodium iodoacetate (3 mg/50 µl of 0.9% saline) into the intra-articular space of the rats' right knees. The rats subsequently received the same doses of oral Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract for another 4 weeks. It was evaluated that the treatment effects based on serum bio-markers, and morphological and histopathological analysis of the knee joints. Compared with those in negative control rats, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract treatments significantly reduced the serum levels of inflammation, bone metabolism markers (i.e., TNF-α, MMP-3, COX-2, PGE₂, COMP, and Aggrecan). Otherwise, it was significantly increased the production of CTX-2 in cartilage absorption mediators. In addition, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract treatments effectively preserved the knee cartilage and synovial membrane. As a result, it indicates that the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract improved degenerative arthritis symptoms. Thus, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex can be used in food material for the management of degenerative arthritis.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.91-104
• /
• 2020

In this study, the value of the medical resort was divided into hedonic value, hospitality value, safety and personal information protection value, and profitability value by exploring and typifying the successful cases and related services of the medical resort in order to provide the direction of development and policy implications of the medical resort for the medical tourism industry. For those who have used the medical resort, I wanted to verify the impact of the value of medical resort on perception of medical resort and its intention to use it. As a result of this study, it was found that hedonic value and hospitality value of medical resort have a strong influence on usefulness perception and well-being perception of medical resort, that safety and personal information protection value of medical resort was only affected by usefulness perception, and profit value of medical resort was only affected by well-being perception. In addition, the usefulness perception and well-being perception of medical resorts were shown to have an impact on the intention of using medical resorts, especially in the case of well-being perception of medical resorts. The above findings are meaningful in that they expanded the medical resort-related research area for the medical tourism industry and provided useful implications for the development of medical resorts that meet the convenience and needs of medical tourists.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.218-228
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of feeding anthocyanin-rich black cane treated with ferrous sulfate and molasses on animal performance, rumen fermentation, microbial composition, blood biochemical indices, and carcass characteristics in meat goats. Methods: Thirty-two Thai-native×Anglo-Nubian crossbred male goats (14.47±2.3 kg) were divided equally into two groups (n = 16) to investigate the effect of feeding diet containing 50% untreated anthocyanin-rich black cane silage (BS) vs diet containing anthocyaninrich black cane silage treated with 0.03% ferrous sulfate and 4% molasses (TBS) on average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI). At the end of 90 d feeding trial, the goats were slaughtered to determine blood biochemical indices, rumen fermentation, microbial composition, and carcass characteristics differences between the two dietary groups. Results: Goats fed the TBS diet had greater ADG and ADG to DMI ratio (p<0.05). TBS diet did not affect rumen fluid pH; however, goats in the TBS group had lower rumen ammonia N levels (p<0.05) and higher total volatile fatty acid concentrations (p<0.05). Goats in the TBS group had a higher (p<0.05) concentration of Ruminococcus albus but a lower (p<0.05) concentration of methanogenic bacteria. The TBS diet also resulted in lower (p<0.05) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances concentration but higher (p<0.05) total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase concentrations in blood plasma, while having no effect on plasma protein, glucose, lipid, immunoglobin G, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Meat from goats fed the TBS diet contained more intramuscular fat (p<0.05) and was more tender (p<0.05). Conclusion: In comparison to goats fed a diet containing 50% untreated anthocyanin-rich black cane silage, feeding a diet containing 50% anthocyanin-rich black cane silage treated with 0.03% ferrous sulfate and 4% molasses improved rumen fermentation and reduced oxidative stress, resulting in higher growth and more tender meat.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2014

Objectives : Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic inflammation and cancer. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts from the herbal teas such as Lonicera japonica Thunberg (L. japonica), Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (C. morifolium), Mentha arvensis L. (M. arvensis), and P.rhizoma. Methods : Anti-oxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay. And DNA cleavage assay was performed to evaluate an anti-oxidative effect. Anti-inflammatory effect was performed using NO generation assay and western blot in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. Results : L. japonica scavenged DPPH radical by 9.8% at 12.5 ${\mu}g/ml$, 24.8% at 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, 34.3% at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 61.1% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 75.8% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, C. morifolium and M. arvensis removed DPPH radical by 15.6% and 10.4% at 12.5 ${\mu}g/ml$, 34.8% and 22.8% at 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, 66.9% and 43.3% at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 87.4% and 69.1% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, and 92.1% and 73.2% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. However, P. rhizoma did not affect on DPPH radical scavenging. The $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity was highest in L. japonica, but lowest in P. rhizoma among the herbal teas. In addition, the extracts from L. japonica, C. morifolium and M. arvensis inhibited oxidative DNA damage via its anti-oxidant activity. In anti-inflammatory effect, the extracts from C. morifolium inhibited NO production. In addition, it suppressed the $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : Together, this study indicates that L. japonica, M. arvensis and C. morifolium possess the protective effect against the oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, C. morifolium exerts an anti-inflammatory effect.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2014

Objectives : Gami-Chunggisan extract (GCE) is one of the oriental traditional medicine. We investigated the antioxidant effect and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products from the GCE. Methods : GCE was prepared by extracting with 80% ethanol. We analyzed total polyphenol and antioxidant activities. To evaluate antioxidant activity, we measured 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Also we measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) on Raw264.7 cells. We researched reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines from concentration of GCE on Raw264.7 cells. Results : Total polyphenol quantity of GCE was included 46.6 mg/g. The GCE showed ABTS free radical scavenging ability with more than 89% at $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In addition the DPPH free radical scavenging ability from the GCE was activated over 93% at $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Production of the ROS was decreased by approximately 26%, upon the GCE treatment at concentration of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The GCE at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration showed inhibitory effect on NO production by 38%. Production of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were decreased by approximately 56% and 36%, respectively upon GCE treatment at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Also, production of TNF-${\alpha}$ was decreased by approximately 79% at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Moreover, the GCE showed inhibitory effects on the expression of the IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ genes in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusions : From the results above, we conclude that the GCE indicated significant antioxidant effects and induced reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was verification of the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant effect of Cheongungdajosan-gamibang extract (CG) in mouse macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : We have basically using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cheongungdajosan-gamibang, amount of nitric oxide(NO) was measured using the NO detection kit and the IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Also, free radical scavenging assay has tested for DPPH and ABTS radical activity as well as the contents of total polyphenol. Results : In this study, 96.6% or higher cell viability was observed in all tested groups from 1, 10, $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$ in RAW 264.7 cells. The RAW 264.7 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CG 1, 10, $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$. The CG decreased nitric oxide (NO) production activity dose dependently, especially at $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$ of 55%. The production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were decreased by 51%, 78% and 35% in CG treated $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. CG showed dose-dependent suppression activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, especially at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of 37%. DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS cation decolorization were activated over 86% and 88% in CG at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. Conclusions : According to the results, we thought that CG showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities on the RAW 264.7 cells in mouse macrophage. Therefore, this research is expected to provide the fundamental data about the natural material analysis of relating to the anti-inflammation and antioxidant.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2017

Objective : Nelumbo nucifera, its rhizome and semen have been used as a traditional medicine which was studied on antioxidant, hepatoprotective effect, anti-obesity and the others. However, Nelumbinis Flos have not studied. We investigated protective effects on oxidative DNA damage and anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbinis Flos. Methods : The antioxidant activity was conducted by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2, 2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. Total phenolic content was analyzed. Also, phenolic compounds were detected by HPLC/UV. The inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage was determined using ${\Phi}X-174$ RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay. The anti-inflammatory effect of Nelumbinis Flos was measured by the amount of nitric-oxide (NO) produced and protein levels of iNOS, and COX-2 in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. Results : The results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of extraction were $97.02{\pm}0.88%$ and $96.42{\pm}0.25%$. Reducing power (fold of L-ascorbic acid as control) was $100.14{\pm}0.31$ at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Total phenol content was $8.70{\pm}0.02mg/g$. Chlorogenic acid, catechin and epicatechin were found by HPLC. Nelumbinis Flos has inhibitory effect in dose-manner against oxidative DNA damage. In addition, it showed the anti-inflammatory effect by suppression of NO production as well as protein levels of iNOS, and COX-2. Conclusion : This study suggested that Nelumbinis Flos showed potential antioxidant and suppression activities of various factors were related in NO produced. Therefore, Nelumbinis Flos as natural plant resources that may help reduce inflammation and alleviate DNA damage.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The objective of the paper was to study cutting method of Gardeniae frutus, that tends to show symptom of separations in a packing, in accordance with the comparison experiment of quantification and antioxidant effect proceed with the intact Gardeniae fructus(Gf), seed of Gardeniae fructus (Gs) and the pericarp of Gardeniae fructus (Gp) separately. Methods : The Gf, Gs, and Gp were extracted using 80% MeOH, followed by quantizing geniposide contained in each group. A MTT assay was conducted and ROS generation and NO production were measured for comparing its antioxidant effect. Results : As a result of quantizing geniposide contained in the Gf, Gp, and Gs, respectively, the geniposide content was shown to be the highest in the Gs. MTT assay showed that no cytotoxicity was observed in the groups treated with Gf, Gp, and Gs, respectively, at a dose of 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. The ROS generation was shown to have more significantly decreased in the group pretreated with Gf 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ than in the group treated with LPS. The NO level was shown to have more significantly decreased in the group pretreated with Gp 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ than in the group treated with LPS. Conclusion : As the geniposide content and antioxidant effect of Gf varies according to its each part, it is recommended that Gf should be distributed as an intact form other than segregation in packing.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2022

There has been a growing demand for water based-type PSA due to environmental regulations for solvent-type PSA. And accordingly, there is a growing expectation as well for tackifiers used to compensate for the problem of deterioration of physical properties. Therefore, In this study, water-based tackifiers were synthesized by changing the contents of hard and functional acrylic monomers CHMA, IBOA, and AA. And these were added to the pressure-sensitive adhesive at 10 phr and their physical properties were compared. Tackiness slightly decreased as CHMA increased and IBOA decreased. Since the intermolecular bonding force increased due to the increase in AA content, the lower the AA content showed better results. Peel strength increased as the tackifiers were added because the fluidity of the polymer chain increased. And higher AA content showed better results because more hydrogen bonds were formed. The holding power tended to decrease as CHMA increased because the content of IBOA relatively decreased which has a large influence on the holding power. And higher AA content showed better results.