• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.598-604
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• 2010

Electron donating ability (EDA), reducing power, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, antimicrobial activity, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effects of twenty-two sorghum varieties were examined using ethanol extracts (70%, v/v). The electron donationg abilities (EDA) of Mesusu and Bulgeunjangmoksusu (94% at 10 ${\mu}g$/mL) indicated higher antioxidant activity compared to those of other varieties and standard antioxidants such as BHT (13%) and BHA (74%). The reducing power of Mesusu ($OD_{700}$=0.71) suggested higher antioxidant activity, which was dependent on sample concentration. Bitjarususu showed the highest content of total phenolics (22.9 mg GAE/g); however, extracts from Heuinsusu exhibited the lowest content of total phenolics (16.4 mg GAE/g). Jangmoksusu showed the highest total flavonolic contents (3.5 mg QE/g), and Sigyeongsusu and Chal (GS) susu displayed the most antibacterial activity (MIC=8 ${\mu}g$/mL) against Escherichia coli. Extracts of Bulgeunjangmoksusu, Moktaksusu, and Ginjangmoksusu showed the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect (98%) at the concentration of 5 ${\mu}g$/mL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.967-972
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• 2006

The antioxidative and antimicrobial activities were determined on the mushroom (Sarcodon aspratus) extracts in order to find out new food functional components. The antioxidative activities of water and ethanol extracts from the Sarcodon aspratus were measured by peroxide values (POV), electron-donating ability (EDA) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), nitrite-scavenging ability and superoxide dismutase-like activity (SODA) by pyrogallol. The antioxidative activity of the ethanol extract measured by POV was higher than those of the water extract, BHT, and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. The EDA of the water extract and ethanol extract using DPPH showed the highest values of 76.94% and 73.06%, respectively. The nitrite-scavenging abilities (pH 1.2, 1,000 ppm) of the water and ethanol extracts were 72.61% and 62.69%, respectively, and the nitrite-scavenging ability of the water extract was higher than that of the ethanol extract in all pH values. The SODA of the ethanol extract was higher than that of the water extract. The Sarcodon aspratus extracts had antimicrobial effects on Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

Flowers and shoots of three species of Dendranthema boreale, Dendranthema indicum, Dendranthema zawdskii var. lucidum, were extracted with 80% ethanol by reflux, and polyphenol content, scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals, ferrous ion chelating effects and inhibition effects on lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum, especially in the flower part. Scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS was also highest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum flower with less activity in shoot. Ferrous ion chelating effects was highest with D. boreale flower and lowest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum flower. Inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation was highest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum shoot with 41.01% inhibition activity showing 32 days after reaction, which is higher than synthetic antioxidant BHT. Due to higher antioxidant level and activity of shoot and flower of D. zawdskii var. lucidum is promising material for natural plant antioxidant. It was also shown that antioxidant activity is different according to plant part ever in same plant, and proper plant species should be used for antioxidant after careful studies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3317-3326
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• 2011

Physicochemical properties of Achyranthes japonica and Smilax china extracts were investigated for the purpose of functionality research on the natural bio-resources. Extraction contents were order of distilled water>methanol>ethanol solvent, the highest free aminoacids were proline from Achyranthes japonica, phosphoserine and glutamic acid from Smilax china, respectively. BI and TAC by spectrophotometric absorbance were order of methanol>ethanol>water in Smilax china leaf extract, but water>methaol>ethanol in Achyranthes japonica leaf extract. EDA was high in ethanol extract from Smilax china leaf and in methanol extract from Smilax china root, and in water extract from Achyranthes japonica. TBA value of Achyranthes japonica leaf and Smilax china leaf-ethanol extracts on olive oil was 82.1% and 84.0%, respectively, for that of an artificial antioxidant BHT. Antimicrobial effect was observed in Achyranthes japonica stem-methanol extract on Bacillus subtillis, in Smilax china leaf-ethanol extract on Bacillus subtillis, Vibrio vulnificus and Salmonella enterica, respectively. And the adsorption of Pb(II) on Achyranthes japonica was higher than that of Cd(II) on Smilax china under the same metal ion concentration.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.639-642
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• 2006

The root extract of Scilla scilloides (which has been used as a traditional folk medicine in Korea) was evaluated with regard to antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities. The roots of S. scilloides were minced and extracted with 95% ethanol (root:ethanol=25:75, w/v). The inhibitory effects of S. scilloides root extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 35556, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 12021, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Candida parapsilosis KCCM 35428 were tested. The results indicate that the antimicrobial effects of both 0.1 and 1.0% extract of S. scilloides were greater against the growth of S. aureus ATCC 35556 and C. parapsilosis KCCM 35428 than the growth of S. enteritidis ATCC 12021 and E. coli O157:H7. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measurement of the inhibition of hyaluronidase activity in vitro. It appears that both 0.1 and 1.0% concentrations of extract have inhibitory effects on hyaluronidase relative to the control. Finally, the anti-oxidative effect of 1.0 and 10% extract solutions were measured according to the thiocyanate method and were compared with 1.0% BHT. The results indicate that the anti-oxidative effect of 10% S. scilloides root extract (anti-oxidative index (AOI); $72.3{\pm}4.2$) is not significantly different from that of 1.0% BHA (AOI; $76.8{\pm}3.5$) (p<0.05). However, it appears that the anti-oxidative effect of S. scilloides root extract is at least three-fold greater than that of BHA when accounting for the amount of dissolved solids in each.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.297-310
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• 2014

Objectives: This study is designed to investigate the effects of Banhahubak-Tang Extract (BHTe) on stress. Methos: BHTe was fed to ICR male mice ($20{\pm}2g$) orally with the dose of 100 mg/kg/day for five days. Mice were then exposed to sociopsychological stress by observing foot shock stressed mice for one hour for five days while restrained. Results: 1) The BHTe-administered group showed a tendency of decreasing of serum corticosterone secretion compared with the control group. 2) The BHTe-administered group showed an increase in noradrenalin secretions in the dorsal cortex of the brain, but it was not significant. 3) BHTe administration had no effect on the brain level of lipid peroxidation. 4) BHTe administration decreased the serum level of lipid peroxidation. 5) BHTe administration decreased the Cu,Zn-SOD in the brain. 6) BHTe administration had no effect on catalase activity in the brain. 7) BHTe administration had no effect on the brain level of GSH. 8) BHTe administration increased the serum level of DPPH free radical scavenging activity, but not significantly enough to make a comparison with BHT. 9) The elevated plus-maze test is designed to detect the effect of anxiolytic drugs. The BHTe group showed a significant increase in latency time. Conclusions: These results suggest that BHTe can effectively rid the subject of the effects of sociopsychological stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.841-848
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• 2018

The flavonoid content and antioxidant effects of extracts from Stachys sieboldii Miq. and Lycopus lucidus Turcz were compared. The flavonoid content of the acetone + methylene chloride (A+M) extract of L. lucidus Turcz was 233.2 mg/g, suggesting that the extract was greater than that of S. sieboldii Miq. In the DPPH assay and the A+M and methanol (MeOH) extracts from L. lucidus Turcz had greater scavenging effects than those of S. sieboldii Miq. (p<0.05). The A+M extract from L. lucidus Turcz (0.5 mg/ml concentration) had an 82% scavenging effect in the DPPH assay. In the ABTS assay, A+M extracts from both S. sieboldii Miq. and L. lucidus Turcz (0.5 mg/ml concentration) had scavenging effects of 90% and 88%, respectively (p<0.05), suggesting that both A+M extracts had greater scavenging effects than those of both MeOH extracts. In a 120 min ROS production assay, all tested extracts dose-dependently decreased the cellular ROS production that was induced by $H_2O_2$, as compared to those produced by exposure to the extract-free control. The A+M extracts from both S. sieboldii Miq. and L. lucidus Turcz had greater inhibitory effects on cellular ROS production than those of both MeOH extracts at all concentrations tested. Treatment with the A+M extracts from S. sieboldii Miq. and L. lucidus Turcz (0.25 mg/ml concentration) inhibited the cellular ROS production by 60% and 86%, respectively. These results suggest that the A+M extracts of Stachys sieboldii Miq. and L. lucidus Turcz inhibit cellular oxidation and may contain valuable bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.687-693
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• 2017

This research analyzed cell survival rate according to antioxidative effect and cytotoxicity using Sasa quelpaertensis and Ethanol extracts. Sasa quelpaertensis used extracts of $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract and 70% ethanol liquid each. For total polyphenol content, tannin content, and flavonoid content, polyphenol content of $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract was 26.6 mg/g while that of 70% ethanol extract liquid was 22.3 mg/g, which means polyphenol content was higher in $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract. Tannin content was 72.1 mg/g in $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract which was higher than 61.2 mg/g in 70% ethanol extract liquid. Total flavonoid content was higher in 70% ethanol extract liquid (25.4 mg/g) than in $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract (17.8 mg/g). Further, the researcher measured DPPH radical elimination and ABTS radical elimination. As a result, as the concentration of each extract increased, DPPH radical elimination and ABTS radical elimination increased. In the DPPH radical elimination, L-ascorbic acid was eliminated at 500 ppm and showed no change even though the concentration increased, whereas it increased in BHT and Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extracts according to concentration. ABTS radical elimination indicated the similar phenomenon, whereas BHT showed maximum elimination at 500 ppm and decreased gradually as the concentration increased. On the other hand, it gradually increased in Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract and showed 90% elimination at 10,000 pm, and it increased in $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract. Using human skin fibroblasts (3T3) to check the cell survival rate of Sasa quelpaertensis leaves showed that cell survival rate decreased between 85.6 and 66.6% in $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract. The cell survival rate was between 95.4 and 92.1% when using 70% ethanol extracts. Sasa quelpaertensis has efficacy as a natural antioxidant as well as a material hyangjang.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.4 s.147
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• pp.272-277
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine whether Juglandis Semen (JAS) extract exerts protective effect against oxidant-induced inhibition of $Na^+-pump$ activity in cerebral cortex. $Na^+-pump$ activity was estimated by measuring ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption. The oxygen consumption significantly inhibited by 1mM t-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP), which was prevented by addition of 2% JAS extract. The oxygen consumption was increased by an increase in $Na^+$ concentration from 5 to 100 mM, $K^+$ concentration from 0.5 to 10 mM, and $Mg^{2+}$ concentration from 0.2 to 5 mM. These changes in ion concentrations did not affect the inhibitory effect of tBHP and protective action of JAS on oxygen consumption. tBHP (l mM) produced a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in cerebral cortex, which was prevented by 2% JAS extraction. These results suggest that JAS exerts protective effect against tBHP-induced inhibition of $Na^+-pump$ activity in the cerebral cortex, probably through action as antioxidant.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.162-169
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• 2010

The solvent extracts of Prunus persica Flos were investigated for the activities of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation to apply as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. The electron donating ability of both ethanol (PPE) or acetone (PPA) extracts of P. persica Flos was above 90.0% at the concentration of 500ppm. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of P. persica Flos extracts (PPE, PPA) were approximately 40.0% at 1,000 ppm. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of P. persica Flos extracts (PPE, PPA) was approximately 30.0% at 1,000 ppm and equivalent to that of ascorbic acid. Hyaluronidase inhibition activity related to the anti-inflammation effect was 35.0% with the treatment of P. persica Flos extracts (PPW, PPE, PPA) at 1,000 ppm, respectively. In the experiment of anti-inflammation effect, P. persica Flos extracts (PPW, PPE, PPA) inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. In the antimicrobial activity test against the human skin-resident microflora such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes, a clear zone was identified from 4mg/disc in P. persica Flos (PPE) extract.