• 한국자기학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 1995

$ThMn_{12}$ 구조를 갖는 $NdFe_{10.7}TiM_{0.3}(M=B,\;Ti)$의 결정학적 및 자기적 성질을 X선 회절법과 VSM, $M\"{o}ssbauer$분광법으로 연구하였다. $NdFe_{10.7}TiM_{0.3}(M=B,\;Ti)$합금은 알곤가스 분위기의 아크 용해로에서 제조하였다. $NdFe_{10.7}TiM_{0.3}$의 결정구조는 순수 단일상의 tetragonal구조를 갖고 있으며 $a_{0}=8.587\;{\AA},\;c_{0}=4.788\;{\AA}$의 격자상수를 결정하였다. $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectrum은 13 K 부터 770 K 영역까지 취하였으며 Curie 온도는 $NdFe_{10.7}TiM_{0.3}$의 경우 $570{\pm}3\;K$로 결정하였다. $NdFe_{10.7}TiM_{0.3}(M=B,\;Ti)$은 $8i_{1},\;8i_{2},\;8j_{1},\;8j_{2}$ 및 8f의 5 set의 Fe 이온의 subspectra로 분석하였다. $NdFe_{10.7}TiM_{0.3}$의 실온에서 Fe-site $8i_{1},\;8i_{2},\;8j_{1},\;8j_{2}$ 및 8f는 16.4, 8.2, 14.8, 21.3 및 39.3%의 면적비를 각각 가지고 있었다. 초미세자기장은 $H_{hf}(8i)>H_{hf}(8j)>H_{hf}(8f)$비로 감소함을 알았다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.153-163
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• 1985

In the electroless nickel plating bath which contained nickel sulfate, sodium hypophosphite, boric acid and triethanolamine, effect of their concentration on the rate of deposition was tested by gravimetric method and polarization method. The polarization method that polarize small range of voltage anodicaly and cathodicaly at the mixed potential in the electroless plating bath can calculate mixed current (depositing rate) from $i_{mp}=\frac {i}{\eta}\;\frac{RT}{nF}\;or\;i_{mp}=\frac{i}{\eta}\;\frac{1}{2.3}(\frac{b_a\;\;b_c}{b_c+b_a})$ Where $i_{mp}$ is the depositing current, i is the polarized current, ${\eta}$ is the polarized voltage, $b_a\;and\;b_c$ are the Tafel slop of anodic and cathodic polarization curves respectively. The calculated mixed current ($i_{mp}$) is proportional to the depositing rate obtained by gravimetric method and corresponded mostly to the real depositing rate by multifying supplementary constant. The polarization method can be used for founding inclination of reaction on various concentration of each composition. Decreasing or increasing concentration of triethanolaminc as a complexing agent , the depositing rate is decreased and when the bath contained 25-50mL/L of triethanoloamine, the depositing rate is increased. The depositing rate is increased with increasing the concentration of boric acid, and when the bath contained 0.5M of boric acid, the depositing rate is increased abruptly. The optimum composition of the electroless nickel bath was estimated 0.1M of nickel sulfate, 0.25M of sodium hypophosphite, 0.5M of boric acid, and 25-50mL/L of triethanalamine.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2001

Objects : The purpose of this study is find out significant (clinical) effect of applying acupuncture on $zh{\grave{a}}h{\grave{a}}i$(K6, 照海) of ${\bar{U}m-kyo-maek$(陰?脈) and $sh{\bar{e}}nm{\grave{a}}i$(B62, 申?) of Yang-kyo-maek(陽?脈) to a patient of circadian sleep disorder. Methods : We apply acupuncture on $zh{\grave{a}}h{\grave{a}}i$(K6, 照海) and $sh{\bar{e}}nm{\grave{a}}i$(B62, 申?) to a patient of circadian sleep disorder during 2 weeks. We check sleeping time day and night during 14 days. Acupuncture on $zh{\grave{a}}h{\grave{a}}i$(K6, 照海) and $sh{\bar{e}}nm{\grave{a}}i$(B62, 申?) has significant effect to circadian sleep disorder patient. Results : Acupuncture on $zh{\grave{a}}h{\grave{a}}i$(K6, 照海) and $sh{\bar{e}}nm{\grave{a}}i$(B62, 申?) has significant effect to circadian sleep disorder patient. Conclusions : 1. The physio-pathologic phenomenon of sleeping is relative to ${\bar{U}m-kyo-maek$(陰?脈) and Yang-kyo-maek(陽?脈) 2. Acupuncture therapy on $zh{\grave{a}}h{\grave{a}}i$(K6, 照海) and $sh{\bar{e}}nm{\grave{a}}i$(B62, 申?) has significant effect to circadian sleep disorder.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.637-647
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• 2023

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, 𝔞 an ideal of R, M an arbitrary R-module and X a finite R-module. We prove a characterization for Hⁱ_𝔞(M) and Hⁱ_𝔞(X, M) to be 𝔞-weakly cofinite for all i, whenever one of the following cases holds: (a) ara(𝔞) ≤ 1, (b) dim R/𝔞 ≤ 1 or (c) dim R ≤ 2. We also prove that, if M is a weakly Laskerian R-module, then Hⁱ_𝔞(X, M) is 𝔞-weakly cofinite for all i, whenever dim X ≤ 2 or dim M ≤ 2 (resp. (R, m) a local ring and dim X ≤ 3 or dim M ≤ 3). Let d = dim M < ∞, we prove an equivalent condition for top local cohomology module H^d_𝔞(M) to be weakly Artinian.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2004

Let : [0, 1] $\times$ [0, $\infty$) $\longrightarrow$ [0, $\infty$) be continuous and a ${\in}$ C([0, 1], [0, $\infty$)),and let ${\xi}_{i}$ $\in$ (0, 1) with 0 < {\xi}$_1$ < ${\xi}_2$ < … < ${\xi}_{m-2}$ < 1, $a_{i}$, $b_{i}$ ${\in}$ [0, $\infty$) with 0 < $\Sigma_{i=1}$ /$^{m-2}$ $a_{i}$ < 1 and $\Sigma_{i=1}$$^{m-2}$ < l. This paper is concerned with the following m-point boundary value problem: $\chi$″(t)＋a(t) (t.$\chi$(t))＝0,t ${\in}$(0,1), $\chi$'(0)＝$\Sigma_{i=1}$ $^{m-2}$ /$b_{i}$$\chi$'(${\xi}_{i}$),$\chi$(1)＝$\Sigma_{i=1}$$^{m-2}$$a_{i}$$\chi$(${\xi}_{i}$). The existence, multiplicity and uniqueness of positive solutions of this problem are discussed with the help of two fixed point theorems in cones, respectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.332-342
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• 2000

연구배경 : 염증매개 사이토카인은 염증성 폐질환의 중요한 매개물질이다. 폐 상피세포는 염증세포에서 분비되는 사이토카인에 의해 interleukin, chemokines, colony stimulating factors와 growth factor등을 생산 및 분비함으로써 국소 염증 부위에서의 사이토카인 network에 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 폐 상피세포에서 염증매개 사이토카인의 발현 기전에 대한 이해는 염증성 폐질환의 기전규명과 이에 기초한 새로운 치료법의 개발에 생각된다. 대부분의 사이토카인은 NF-${\kappa}B$전사인자에 의해 발현되는데 폐 상피세포에서 염증매개 사이토키인의 발현과 NF-${\kappa}B/I{\kappa}B$ 경로와의 관련성에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 방법 : BEAS-2B, A549, NCI-H157, NCI-H719 세포에서 IL-1$\beta$와 TNF-$\alpha$ 자극에 의한 IL-8과 TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA의 발현 양상을 평가하였고 이들의 발현과 관찰하였고 NF-${\kappa}B/I{\kappa}B$ 경로와의 관련성을 평가하기 위하여 IL-l$\beta$와 TNF-$\alpha$ 자극에 의한 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성화 및 $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$와 $I{\kappa}B{\beta}$의 분해 양상을 관찰하였다. 폐 상피세포의 종류에 따른 NF-${\kappa}B/I{\kappa}B$ 경로 조절의 기전을 규명하고자 IL-1$\beta$와 TNF-$\alpha$ 자극에 의한 $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$의 인산화와 기저상태에서 IKK$\alpha$의 발현을 평가하였다. 결과 : BEAS-2B, A549, NCI-H157 세포에서는 IL-1$\beta$와 TNF-$\alpha$ 자극으로 $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$와 $I{\kappa}B{\beta}$가 분해되었고 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성화가 관찰되었으며 IL-8과 TNF-$\alpha$mRNA의 발현이 유도되었다. NCI-H719 세포에서는 IL-1$\beta$와 TNF-$\alpha$ 자극으로 $I{\kappa}B$ 분해에 의한 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성화 및 염증매개 사이토카인의 발현이 관찰되지 않았다. BEAS-2B, A549, NCI-H157 세포에서는 IL-1$\beta$와 TNF-$\alpha$ 자극으로 ${\kappa}B$의 인산화가 관찰되었지만 NCI-H719 세포에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 기저상태의 IKK$\alpha$ 발현은 세포간에 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : 폐 상피세포에서 NF-${\kappa}B/I{\kappa}B$ 경로는 염증매개 사이토카인 발현에 매우 중요한 역할을 하고, 일부 세포에서는 NF-${\kappa}B/I{\kappa}B$ 경로 조절의 차이를 보이는데 이는 IKK보다 상위 단계의 세포내 신호전달체계의 이상에 기인한 것으로 생각된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2007

We demonstrate that paclitaxel, an antitumor agent derived from yew tree, inhibits LPS- and $IFN-{\gamma}$-induced NF-kB/Rel activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Previously, paclitaxel ($>10{\mu}M$) has been known to induce iNOS gene expression in macrophages. However, in the previous report we described that the pretreatment of macrophages with low concentration of paclitaxel ($0.1{\mu}M$) for 8 h inhibited LPS-induced iNOS gene expression. Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with paclitaxel significantly inhibited NF-kB/Rel transcriptional activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further confirmed that pretreatment of macrophages with paclitaxel inhibited NF-kB/Rel DNA binding. Taxotere, a semisynthetic analog of paclitaxel, also inhibited LPS- and $IFN-{\gamma}$-induced iNOS gene expression. Collectively, these series of experiments indicate that paclitaxel inhibits iNOS gene expression by blocking NF-kB/Rel activation.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.731-739
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• 2010

In this paper, we prove stability of the reciprocal difference functional equation $$r\(\frac{{\sum}_{i=1}^{m}x_i}{m}\)-r\(\sum_{i=1}^{m}x_i\)=\frac{(m-1){\prod}_{i=1}^{m}r(x_i)}{{\sum}_{i=1}^{m}{\prod}_{k{\neq}i,1{\leq}k{\leq}m}r(x_k)$$ and the reciprocal adjoint functional equation $$r\(\frac{{\sum}_{i=1}^{m}x_i}{m}\)+r\(\sum_{i=1}^{m}x_i\)=\frac{(m+1){\prod}_{i=1}^{m}r(x_i)}{{\sum}_{i=1}^{m}{\prod}_{k{\neq}i,1{\leq}k{\leq}m}r(x_k)$$ in m-variables. Stability of the reciprocal difference functional equation and the reciprocal adjoint functional equation in two variables were proved by K. Ravi, J. M. Rassias and B. V. Senthil Kumar [13]. We extend their result to m-variables in similar types.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2001

Let $\mathcal{B}$ be a Banach space of analytic functions defined on the open unit disk. Assume S is a bounded operator defined on $\mathcal{B}$ such that S is in the commutant of $M_zn$ or $SM_zn=-M_znS$ for some positive integer n. We give necessary and sufficient condition between compactness of $SM_z+cM_zS$ where c = 1, -1, i, -i, and the structure of S. Also we characterize the commutant of $M_zn$ for some positive integer n.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2005

The aim of this work is to generalize $L_1$-approximation in order to apply them to a discrete approximation. In $L_1$-approximation, we use the norm given by $${\parallel}f{\parallel}_1={\int}{\mid}f{\mid}d{\mu}$$ where ${\mu}$ a non-atomic positive measure. In this paper, we go to the other extreme and consider measure ${\mu}$ which is purely atomic. In fact we shall assume that ${\mu}$ has exactly m atoms. For any ${\ell}$-tuple $b^1,\;{\cdots},\;b^{\ell}{\in}{\mathbb{R}}^m$, we defined the ${\ell}^m_1{w}$-norn, and consider $s^*{\in}S$ such that, for any $b^1,\;{\cdots},\;b^{\ell}{\in}{\mathbb{R}}^m$, $$\array{min&max\\{s{\in}S}&{1{\leq}i{\leq}{\ell}}}\;{\parallel}b^i-s{\parallel}_w$$, where S is a n-dimensional subspace of ${\mathbb{R}}^m$. The $s^*$ is called the Chebyshev center or a discrete simultaneous ${\ell}^m_1$-approximation from the finite dimensional subspace.