• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.535-545
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of earring(nothing, small, medium, large), neckline(round, low), and hairstyle(bound, unbound) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 16 pictures manipulated with the combination of earring, neckline, and hairstyle. The objects of the study were 192 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. The results of this study were as follows. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, concentration of attention, attractiveness, gracefulness, and cuteness. In the concentration of attention, earring and neckline showed independent effect. In the attractiveness, neckline showed independent effect. In the gracefulness, earring and hairstyle showed independent effect. Significant interaction effects of earring and neckline on concentration of attention, attractiveness and gracefulness were found. Interaction effects of neckline and hairstyle on cuteness were found. The study results are highly expected to be used as useful sources in developing total coordination.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.312-319
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• 2008

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsiveness. Current estimates suggest that 4-12% of school age children are affected by ADHD, which hampers proper social relationship and achievements in school. Even though the exact etiology of the disorder is still in the middle of active investigation, the availability of pharmacological treatments for the disorder suggest that at least the symptoms of ADHD are manageable. To develop drugs with higher efficacy and fewer side effects, it is essential to have appropriate animal models for in vivo drug screening processes. Good animal models can also provide the chances to improve our understanding of the disease processes as well as the underlying etiology of the disorder. In this review, we summarized current animal models used for ADHD research and discussed the point of concerns about using specific animal models.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

Port, one of nation's key infrastructures, is a point of road and sea transports meeting. As a key base of inter-modal transportation systems, the port is of ever increasing importance for realizing nation's vision of making Korea as an economic and logistics hub in the Northeast Asia. At present, Korean ports handle 99.7% of gross trade volumes in Korea, which requires considerable attention on its safety issues. However, due to the critical characteristics of the port and insufficient attention paid to it, the port industry meets more disasters compared to other industries. Therefore, this paper tries to analyze the disasters happened at the port to have better understanding on its reasons, further to use as learned lessons to prevent from potential disasters that may arise at the port.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 2013

Objective: This article aims to report the results of ergonomic evaluation of some university laboratories. Background: Laboratory researchers are at risk for musculoskeletal injuries during routine laboratory procedures. However, little attention has paid to the working conditions of laboratory researchers, especially in Korea. Method: A checklist and questionnaire was developed and used to analyze the work conditions of 27 laboratories of chemistry, biology and pharmacy. Results: It was found that glove box, clean bench, and computer workstation are better than microscopy, and fume hood tasks, from ergonomic point of view. Conclusion: No domestic guideline is available for ergonomic intervention of laboratories. Further attention and studies are anticipated to improve the working conditions of laboratories.

• Language and Information
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-63
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• 1999

Korean manner-of-motion verbs have different characteristics from locomotion verbs syntactically and semantically, and they are aptly encoded as having the primitive semantic element MOVE, not GO of Jackendoff(1990)'s Conceptual Semantics framework. This point is shown on the basis of their behavior, the inability to take the Goal 'NP-lo' phrases, the Purposive 'S-le' clauses, the 'NP-ey' phrases, and the atelic interpretation. It is further shown that the apparent locomotion verb behavior of some manner-of-motion verbs, 'exocentric' phenomenon in their meaning composition, is merely a transferred aspect of manner-of-motion verbs. Three kinds of strategies, transformational, quasi-transformational, and lexical ones, are examined to describe this phenomenon, and the lexical one is determined to be the most appropriate. The remaining part of this paper pursues the possibility of adopting Tenny's(1987, 1994) 'Aspectual Interface Hypothesis' in establishing an argument linking system with special attention to 'measuring-out', but concludes that the hypothesis can be accepted only in a restricted part of verbs, and with a modified notion of measuring-out like Jackendoff's(1996).

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.319-327
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• 2022

Transformers are the most famous deep learning models that has achieved great success in natural language processing and also showed good performance on computer vision. In this survey, we categorized transformer-based models for computer vision, particularly object detection tasks and perform comprehensive comparative experiments to understand the characteristics of each model. Next, we evaluated the models subdivided into standard transformer, with key point attention, and adding attention with coordinates by performance comparison in terms of object detection accuracy and real-time performance. For performance comparison, we used two metrics: frame per second (FPS) and mean average precision (mAP). Finally, we confirmed the trends and relationships related to the detection and real-time performance of objects in several transformer models using various experiments.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate whether there is intensionally changing eye - gaze on the cafe space images with floor finishing materials. In the Yarbus' experiment, he argued that changing information that an observer is asked to obtain from an image changes pattern of eye movements. Based on the scan path evidence, this research have questions as (1) the difference of visual attention on finishing floor material stimulus, (2) visual attention of initial activity time and type of movement paths on AOIs, and (3) visual relation floor area with another AOIs. Eye movements were recorded with the SMI REDn Scientific, which sampled eye position at 30Hz and lasted 2 minutes(120s). Although viewing was binocular, only the right eye was tracked. Of the 66 observers(mean age 22 years, standard deviation: ${\pm}1.82$) who participated in the experiment done by the four point calibration and validation procedures at the beginning tasks. Analyzing qualitative data from the number of fixation and duration on AOIs divided into four parts (AOI I-Floor, AOI II-Wall, AOI III-Ceiling, and AOI IV-Counter) in the stimulus. The results from this experiment analyzed as follows. First, it was significant in the difference of the average number of AOIs fixation times observed for the spatial image using the wood tile flooring material and the polishing tile. The wood tile flooring of stimulus had higher fixation number on AOI-II, AOI-III, and AOI-IV than the polishing tile. On seeing AOI-I was higher attention in the polishing tile stimulus. Second, the observers examined AOI-II intensively in both stimuli. However, the visual intensity was also followed by on the AOI-IV and AOI-I in the wood tile flooring stimulus, and on AOI-I, AO-IV in the polishing tile. Third, visual attention data on each AOIs have divided into the time range of "5 sec" for both images. In the wood tile stimulus, the horizontal movement path followed by AOI-II, AOI-IV, and AOI-II. In the polished tile stimulus, the movement path followed by moving vertically to AOI-II, AOI-I, and AOI-II. This study approached meaningfully and found out the characteristics of visual attention, according to the different intentions of visual attention, the relationship pathways of visual mechanism appeared and also activated by eye-tracking experiments.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.27-33
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• 2010

We have successfully demonstrated a high-pin-count and thin embedded-LSI package to realize next generation's mobile terminals. The following three design key points were applied: (i) Using Cu posts, (ii) Using the coreless structure, (iii) Using a Cu plate as the ground plane. In order to quantitatively determine the contribution of the three points, the five-stage process for reducing the number of metal layers is described by means of the electrical simulation. The point-(i) and (ii) are effective from the viewpoint of the power integrity (PI); that is, these points play important roles in reducing the number of metal layers, and especially the point-(ii) contributes at least twice as the point-(i). The point-(iii) is not effective in the PI, but has a few effects on the signal integrity (SI). For reducing the number of metal layers, we should, at first, pay attention whether the PI characteristics fulfill the specification, and then we should confirm the SI characteristics.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1E
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• pp.41-48
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• 1997

The very purpose of subband codec is the attainment of data rate compression through the use of quantizer and optimum bit allocation for each decimated signal. Yet the question of floating-point quantization effects in subband codec has received scant attention. There has been no direct focus on the analysis of quantization errors, nor on design with quantization errors embedded explicitly in the criterion. This paper provides a rigorous theory for the modelling, analysis and optimum design of the general M-band subband codec in the presence of the floating-point quantization noise. The floating-point quantizers are embedded into the codec structure by its equivalent multiplicative noise model. We then decompose the analysis and synthesis subband filter banks of the codec into the polyphase form and construct an equivalent time-invariant structure to compute exact expression for the mean square quantization error in the reconstructed an equivalent time-invariant structure to compute exact expression for the mean square quantization error in the reconstructed output. The optimum design criteria of the subband codec is given to the design of the analysis/synthesis filter bank and the floating-point quantizer to minimize the output mean square error. Specific optimum design examples are developed with two types of filter of filter banks-orthonormal and biorthogonal filter bank, along with their perpormance analysis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5948-5971
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• 2019

Estimating loss rates with the packet traces captured from some point in the middle of the network has received much attention within the research community. Meanwhile, existing intermediate-point methods like [1] require the capturing system to capture all the TCP traffic that crosses the border of an access network (typically Gigabit network) destined to or coming from the Internet. However, limited to the performance of current hardware and software, capturing network traffic in a Gigabit environment is still a challenging task. The uncaptured packets will affect the total number of captured packets and the estimated number of packet losses, which eventually affects the accuracy of the estimated loss rate. Therefore, to obtain more accurate loss rate, a method of strengthening packet loss measurement from the network intermediate point is proposed in this paper. Through constructing a series of heuristic rules and leveraging the binomial distribution principle, the proposed method realizes the compensation for the estimated loss rate. Also, experiment results show that although there is no increase in the proportion of accurate estimates, the compensation makes the majority of estimates closer to the accurate ones.