• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.368-372
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated on antioxidative activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity of various solvent extracts of Lespedeza bicolor. The total polyphenol content of the methanol extract was 192.6 mg/g and flavonoid content of the acetone extract was 40.6 mg/g, as the highest content. In DPPH radical scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the ethanol and methanol extract were exhibited $0.69mg/m{\ell}$ and $0.89mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. However, in nitric oxide(NO) scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the acetone was exhibited $0.72mg/m{\ell}$ as the highest activity. Moreover, the acetone extract showed strong NO production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cytotoxicity measurement by MTT assay, the extracts were exhibited Raw 264.7 cell viabilities of 92.57~129.04% as nontoxic result in concentration of $65{\sim}650{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. As a result, the acetone extract of L. bicolor could be applicable to functional materials for anti-inflammatory related fields.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to compare the color and microstructure of powder, redness, brownness, and antioxidative activity in extruded ginseng, white ginseng and red ginseng extracts. The colors of extruded dry ginseng powder (moisture content 30%, barrel temperature $110^{\circ}C$, and screw speed 200 rpm) were similar to those of red ginseng. Intact cell wall structure was examined in dried root ginseng at $70^{\circ}C$ (A), white ginseng with skin (D), white ginseng without skin (E), and red ginseng (F) under a scanning electron microscope. The cell wall was not detected in samples B and C (dry ginsengs extruded with 25% and 30% moisture contents, respectively). Intact starch granules were detected in samples A, D, and E under a scanning electron microscope. Melted starch granules were detected in samples B, C, and F. Colors (L, a, b) of 50% EtOH extracts were similar in samples C and F. Browniness and redness of extracts were high in extruded dry ginseng and red ginseng extracts. Extruded dry ginseng (B) showed higher electron donation ability and phenolic content than the other samples.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated on antioxidative activities and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of methanol extract and its fractions from roots of Arctium lappa. The total phenolic compound and flavonoid content of the ethylacetate fraction was found to be 818.29 mg/g and 360.59 mg/g as the highest content. In the measurement of DPPH radical scavenging ability and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, the ethylacetate fraction was higher than the other fractions and the extract. In addition, comparative analysis of phenolic compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS system under the multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) with negative-ion electrospray ionization mode. The main phenolic compounds in the extract and fractions of roots from Arctium lappa were cynarin and chlorogenic acid. The main phenolic compound of the ethylacetate fraction was cynarin. n-Butanol fraction had a significantly higher chlorogenic acid content than other samples. In conclusion, DPPH radical scavenging ability and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the cynarin-riched ethylacetate fraction showed the highest activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1582-1585
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• 2004

The antioxidative ability on the basis of reduced glutathione sulphydryl level, the inhibition activities of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and the effects of types of media and growth phase of the cells on the cellular GSH level have been determined. Correlation between reduced glutathione sulphydryl level and antioxidative ability of Lactobacillus spp. was analyzed: Lactobacillus casei HY 2782 contained 25.15 $\mu$mole/g of GSH, the cellular GSH level of L. casei HY 2782 reached maximum after 24 h of cultivation and tended to decrease on further cultivation up to 72 h. There was a significantly higher level of cellular GSH when grown in de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth than in tryptone phytone yeast extract (TPY) broth or bromcresol pruple dextrose (BCP) broth (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. have been shown to be significantly different among strains in the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test (p<0.01). L. casei HY 2782 and L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 revealed a high degree of antioxidative effect in linoleic acid oxidation system. Spearmans' rank correlation coefficient between inhibitory activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and cellular GSH levels of Lactobacillus spp. was 0.65, which means a significant positive correlation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2007

Efficacy of antioxidative activity and nitrite scavenging ability of methanol extract from Salvia plebeia was investigated. Electron-donating ability of extract at RC$_{50}$ was 51.10 ${\mu}$g/ml. After addition of 0.92 mg/ml extract, autooxidation of pyrogallol decreased to 62.11% by superoxide dismutase-like activity. In antioxidative activity of extract against linoleic acid during incubation times of 1,2, and 4 days at 40$^{\circ}$, lipid peroxidation values significantly decreased by 72.86%, 77.18%, and 78.32% with addition of 0.2 mg/ml, respectively. Total phenolic content was determined as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) and values revealed as 202.35${\pm}$ 1.26 GAE ${\mu}$g/ml of extract. Nitrite scavenging ability showed the most remark-able effect at pH 1.2, exhibited to 44.29% by addition of 0.2 mg/ml. These results suggest that methanol extract from Salvia plebeia can be used as bioactive and functional materials.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.6 s.84
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• pp.677-683
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• 2004

The electron donating ability and nitrite scavenging activity were measured in ethanol extracts from the raw, simple cooked and seasoned materials of Bibimbab (mixed rice), a Korean traditional one-dish meal. The ethanol extracts of raw fragrant edible wild aster exhibited the highest electron donating ability $(80.28\%)$, as measured by the DPPH method. When Bibimbab was compared with Kimbab and hamburgers, which are popular food, it showed the highest antioxidative activity by the DPPH method. The nitrite scavenging ability was measured in an environment similar to in human digestive organs, i.e. pH $1.2\~6.0$. Generally, the antioxidative activity decreased in the sequence pH 1.2, 3.0 and then 6.0. The simple cooked materials, with the exception of fragrant edible wild aster, increased the antioxidative potential. The seasoned materials also had a tendency to increase the antioxidative potential. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Bibimbab showed the highest nitrite scavenging activity. Therefore, the nutritional superiority of Bibimbab was confirmed through its electron donating ability, as measured by the DPPH method, and nitrite scavenging effect.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1045-1051
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• 1997

Three kinds of model melanoidins adjusted to have the same brown color intensity were made from glucose-glycine, glucose-lysine, xylose-arginine and their antioxidative properties were determined. The antioxidative activities of these model melanoidins in linoleic acid emulsion system were determined by ferric thiocyanate method, conjugated diene contents, peroxide value and electron donating ability by DPPH. Xylose-arginine melanoidin showed the strongest antioxidative activity and electron donating ability. The antioxidative effect of melanoidin could be reliably predicted by determining peroxide value and DPPH method. Each melanoidin was separated on Sephadex G-50 column, and brown color intensity, reducing power, ninhydrin positive reaction and antioxidative activity of each fraction were determined. The antioxidative activities of melanoidin fractions showed strong correlation with their brown color intensity and especially to their reducing power. In spite of same brown color intensity, there is no big differences between these model melanoidins, thus xylose-arginine showing strongest antioxidative activity followed by glucose-lysine and glucose-glycine melanoidin. Xylose-arginine melanoidin also showed the strongest electron donating activity and broad range of reducing power when fractionated on Sephadex G-50, which was different tendency from the other model melanoidin.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2010

Puer tea is a traditional beverage originating from Yunnan area of China. We have analyzed 11 different commercial tea brands provided by Daboo Culture and Art Center. This study was carried out to evaluate the contents of polyphenols, antibacterial activity, antioxidantive ability and physiological activities of extracts from Puer tea. The electron donating ability was ranged from 57.26~99.16% and SOD-like activity was ranged from 1.4~10.4%. The inhibitory effect on the growth of cancer cell lines was examined by MIT assay. The Puer tea extract exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect at the concentration of 2% for all cancer cells tested.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.533-538
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• 2008

In order to fine antioxidant and whitening agent source from nature, the comparisons of antioxidative activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity were carried out for various ethanol extract on Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Polygonati Rhizoma and Ephedrae Herba. Comparing for three ethanol extracts, the highest electron donating ability was found at Polygonati Rhizoma (86.6%), but, the highest SOD-like ability, at the Ephedrae Herba (47.8%). Xanthine oxidase experiment exhibited 95.7% of hindrance effect in Ephedrae Herba, and 84.0% in Polygonati Rhizoma. A tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay was conducted to evaluate the whitening effects of the extracts, The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 6.5% in the Polygoni Multiflori Radix, 32.6% in the Polygonati Rhizoma, 64.0% in the Ephedrae Herba. Based on these results, we suggest that the ethanol extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Polygonati Rhizoma and Ephedrae Herba can be used as food and cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 2008

In order to fine antioxidant and whitening agent source from nature, the comparisons of antioxidative activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity were carried out for various ethanol extract on Pueraria Radix, Poria Cocos, and Coptidis Rhizoma. Comparing for three ethanol extracts, the highest electron donating ability was found at Poria Cocos (81.2%), but, the highest SOD-like ability, at the Coptidis Rhizoma(58%). Xanthine oxidase experiment exhibited 23.3% of hindrance effect in Pueraria Radix, and 79.3% in Poria Cocos. To evaluate at the whitening effect, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was conducted. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was detected at 17.9% in the Puerariae Radix, 5.2% in the Poria Cocos and 83.3% in the Coptidis Rhizoma. From these results, we suggest that the ethanol extracts from Pueraria Radix, Poria Cocos, and Coptidis Rhizoma can be used for cosmetic ingredients.