• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.106-115
• /
• 2014

■ Objectives The purpose of this case study is to report that a hypertension with intracerebral hemorrhage of tae-eumin was treated with 'Cheongsim Yeunja-tang' and then the symptoms were improved and blood pressure was decreased. ■ Methods Although the patient who had hypertension with intracerebral hemorrhage took antihypertension drugs, intermittent increase of blood pressure was shown. We diagnosed him as Tae-eumin and treated with Cheongsim Yeunja-tang. We daily checked blood pressure and evaluated the symptoms. ■ Results After the treatment with Cheongsim Yeunja-tang, blood pressure was decreased and symptoms were improved. ■ Conclusion The result shows Cheongsim Yeunja-tang has antihypertensive effect and improve hypertension symptoms of Tae-eumin patient with intracerebral hemorrhage.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2018

Eritadenine (EA), derived from Lentinus edodes (LE), reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and phospholipids in bloods, and fatty acid depositions in animals and humans. Previously, we reported that EA inhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro. Now, we report that EA reduced blood pressures in spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). EA-containing LE mycelial culture enzyme extract (EA-LEMSCEE) was prepared from LE mycelial solid cultures and the hot-water extract of LE fruit bodies. Both EA and EA-LEMSCEE inhibited ACE activity in immortalized human umbilical endothelial cells (EA.hy926). EA-LEMSCEE treatments (7.5 mg/kg, 22.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in SHR. At five weeks of treatment, EA-LEMSCEE treatment significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, similar to the positive control (captopril, CP; 4 mg/kg) treatment. In addition, the LEMSCEE without EA decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared to the control, but not significant. EA-LEMSCEE decreased renin and ACE activities, and angiotensin II (Ang II) contents in SHR compared to the control. After five weeks of treatment, the effect of EA-LEMCEE was similar to that of CP. These results indicate that EA and EA-LEMSCEE reduce blood pressure by inhibiting the renin and ACE activity of SHR. Furthermore, these results imply that EA or EA-LEMSCEE could be used as an antihypertension agent in humans.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.399-402
• /
• 2002

Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) belongs to the class of zinc protease and plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In this experiment, we investigated the inhibitory activities of medicinal plant extracts on ACE. Fifty medicinal plants were selected and the extracts were prepared by refluxing with 70% methanol. Among the extracts, eleven medicinal plant extracts such as Sedum sarmentosum Bunge, Petasites japonicus(s.et z.) Max, Rubus coreanus, Morus bombycis Koidz, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Glycyrhiza glabra, Equisetum hyemale, Portulaca oleracea L., Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai, Sorbus commixta Hedl, Allium thunbergii showed more than 50% inhibitory activities, and Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., lnula helenium, Acanthopanax senticosus Harms, Dendrobium moniliforme, Juglans mandshurica, Zizyphus jujuba, Leonurus artemisia, Aster scaber Thunb, Vitex rotundifolia, Platycodon grandiflorum, Prunus persica, Ligularia fischeri showed $40{\sim}49%$ inhibitory activities. Therefore these extracts which contain high ACE inhibitory activities may be useful as antihypertension agents and to the treatment of hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.426-433
• /
• 2009

Fish scales have potential in functional food preparation due to their antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. We investigated the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Tilapia mossambica scale extracts. Hydrolysates of tilapia scales were prepared by enzymatic extraction using five proteases (${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin, Alcalase, Kojizyme, Protamex and trypsin) after scales were treated with hot water for 3 hr. Scale enzymatic hydrolysates prepared using both hot water and enzyme treatments exhibited elevated hydrolysis (about 25%-55%) compared to only enzyme treatment (about 15%-45%). Enzymatic hydrolysates (1 mg/mL) prepared by both hot water and enzyme treatments also showed significantly increased ACE inhibitory activities from about 20%-75%. The pattern of ACE inhibitory activities was similar to the degree of hydrolysis. Alcalase and ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin hydrolysates displayed the highest ACE inhibitory activities ($IC_{50}$ = 0.83 mg/mL and 0.68 mg/mL, respectively). In addition, the ACE inhibitory effects of $IC_{50}$-chymotrypsin hydrolysates increased with decreasing molecular weight (5 kDa>, 10 kDa> and 30 kDa>), with the 5 kDa> fraction displaying the highest ACE inhibitory activity (about 89.9% and $IC_{50}$ = 0.1 mg/mL). We suggest that the peptide compounds of enzymatic hydrolysates prepared from tilapia scale enhances ACE inhibitory activity and might be useful as an antihypertensive material.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.417-425
• /
• 2009

The potential utility of fish scales to the functional food industry has been investigated due to its antioxidant and antihypertensive characteristics. In this study, we report on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of gelatin hydrolysates processed from Branchiostegus japonicus scales, which are also high in protein content (about 46.1%). We prepared the enzymatic gelatin hydrolysates with four proteases (${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin, Alcalase, Neutrase and trypsin) from B. japonicus scale gelatin, which was prepared according to different reaction times, substrate/enzyme ratios and substrate concentrations. The enzymatic hydrolytic degrees of the gelatin increased time-dependently up to 6 hrs, while the Alcalase gelatin hydrolysates showed the highest hydrolysis degrees compared to the others. Furthermore, gelatin hydrolysates of Neutrase and ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin showed the highest DPPH radical and $H_2O_2$ scavenging activities ($IC_{50}$ value; 9.18 mg/mL and 9.74 mg/mL), respectively. However, the activities were not significant (P<0.05). We also observed that the four gelatin hydrolysates significantly increased ACE inhibitory activities from approximately 20% to 60% (P<0.05), Among them, the Alcalase gelatin hydrolysates showed the higher ACE inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$ value; 0.73 mg/mL) compared to the others. These results suggest that the enzymatic gelatin hydrolysates prepared from B. japonicus scales may possess a potentially useful function as an ACE inhibitory agent. As such, the utility of B. japonicus scales should be given due consideration for application in the functional food industry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.2997-3003
• /
• 2009

The pharmacological profile of KR-31081, a nonpeptide $AT_1$ selective angiotensin receptor antagonist, was investigated by receptor binding studies, functional in vitro assays with rabbit aorta. KR-31081 inhibited the specific binding of $[^{125}I]\;[Sar^1,\;Ile^8]$-angiotensin II to human recombinant $AT_1$ receptor with an 8.6-fold greater potency than losartan ($IC_{50}$: 1.43 and 12.3 nM, respectively), but it did not inhibit the binding of [$^{125}I$] CGP 42112A to human recombinant $AT_2$ receptor ($IC_{50}$: higher than $10{\mu}M$ for both). The Hill coefficient for the competition curve of KR-31081 against $AT_1$ receptor was not significantly different from unity (0.99). Scatchard analysis showed that KR-31081 interacted with human recombinant $AT_1$ receptor in a competitive manner, as with losartan. In functional studies with rabbit aorta, KR-31081 competitively inhibited the contractile response to angiotensin II ($pK_B$ values: 8.66) with 20-70% decrease in the maximum contractile responses, unlike losartan that showed competitive antagonism without any change in the maximum contractile responses to angiotensin II ($pA_2$ values: 7.59). These results suggest that KR-31081 is a highly potent $AT_1$ selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist with a mode of insurmountable antagonism to be developed as the exploratory potential of this compound.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.737-742
• /
• 2000

As functionality investigation of a soybean fermentation food, a angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptide was separated during natto fermentation by Bacillus natto and inhibitory effect was investigated. After incubation at each 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$, 5$0^{\circ}C$, 6$0^{\circ}C$ for the 0~72 hr, protein content, protease activity and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition were determined. The protein content and protease activity were increased and reached maximum at 60 hr fermentation with 4$0^{\circ}C$ and decreased after the 60 hr fermentation during natto fermentation. The optimum condition for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors was appeared at fermentation for 60 hr at 4$0^{\circ}C$. Crude extract of natto was partially purified by Amicon membrane YM-3 and Sephadex G-10, G-25 gel filtration, stepwise. The inhibitory rate was increased in a concentration dependent manner, espcially the most potent activity about 74.74% at 1.0 mg peptide content. The most prominent amino acid of the peptide from natto was alanine, followed by phenylalnine, histidine.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.698-704
• /
• 2009

To evaluate a potential possibility of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver as a functional food, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitory activities of leaf, bark, stem and 4 compounds isolated from E. ulmoides were tested. The 4 compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and reverse phase column chromatography. Compound I was pinoresinol-4,4'di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (PG) and compound II was dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4,${\gamma}$'-di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (DAG) originating from Eucommial Cortex. The highest amount of PC was present at raw and roasted bark as 135.13 mg% and 163.67 mg%, and the highest amount of DAG was present at raw and roasted leaf as 117.93 mg% and 133.93 mg% respectively. In an ACE inhibition test, 10 mg/ml of roasted leaf, raw and roasted bark extracts of E. ulmoides Oliver were 77.49%, 75.72% and 75.36% respectively, and 10mg/ml of PC and DAG were shown to be 78.51 and 81.20% respectively. $IC_{50}$ values of PG and DAG were 0.6${\pm}$0.2 and 0.5${\pm}$0.2 mg/ml respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.831-837
• /
• 2010

KR-31125 (2-butyl-5-dimethoxymethyl-6-phenyl-7-methyl-3-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) is a potent inhibitor of angiotensin II type 1 ($AT_1$) receptors in human recombinant $AT_1$ receptors and rabbit aorta. These in vitro studies revealed that KR-31125 inhibited specific [$^{125}I$] [$Sar^1$, $Ile^8$]-angiotensin II binding to human recombinant $AT_1$ receptors in a concentration dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ value of $19.72{\pm}2.65$ nM. However, no interaction with $AT_2$ receptors was detected as displayed by the competition binding of [$^{125}I$] CGP 42112A to human recombinant $AT_2$ receptor. The binding action was also confirmed as a competitive mode that was identical to the previously studied compound, losartan. In addition, KR-31125 caused a nonparallel shift to the right in the concentration response curves to angiotensin II with a 30-80% decrease in the maximum contractile responses ($pK_B$: 7.63). Compared to the previous studies with losartan that showed a parallel right shift in the maximum contractile responses to AII ($pA_2$: 7.59), KR-31125 presented a different mode of action with a similar potency to losartan. These results demonstrate that KR-31125 is a highly potent and $AT_1$ selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist that can be applied to the fields of new diagnostic and research tools with upcoming in vivo study results.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.304-310
• /
• 2014

Antioxidative, immunostimulating, and antihypertensive activities of hot water extracts of fermented Hizikia fusiformis were evaluated. Fermentation with lactic acid bacteria generally increased the biological activities of H. fusiformis. Fermentation with isolated Weissella sp. SH-1 resulted in 13.83-62.15% DPPH radical scavenging activity and 34.90-59.25% SOD-like activity. The maximal inhibition of ACE was 82.25%, and the maximal reduction in NO production was 46.53%. Fermentation with Lactobacillus casei resulted in 11.98-72.84% DPPH radical scavenging activity and 14.17-33.62% of SOD-like activity. The maximal inhibition of ACE was 73.31%, and the maximal reduction in NO production was 65.20%. These results hint at the applicability of fermentation with lactic acid bacteria to improve the diverse biological activities of H. fusiformis and to develop functional materials or foods.