• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2013

In this study, the anti-oxidative and anti-obesity activities of two medicinal herb extracts, Tetrapanax papyriferus (TP) and Siegesbeckia pubescens (SP), were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, lipase enzyme inhibition assay, and the cell culture model system. Both methanol extracts of TP and SP showed DPPH radical scavenging activities dose-dependently, and the $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activities of the two medicinal herbs were 65.23 and 47.79 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Furthermore, both extracts suppressed effectively lipase enzyme activity dose-dependently. Moreover, TP and SP extracts significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, triglyceride (TG) contents on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Their anti-obesity effect was modulated by cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer binding proteins ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), $C/EBP{\beta}$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) gene and protein expressions. Furthermore, TP and SP possessed a synergistic effect on anti-obesity activity. The identification of the active compounds that confer the anti-obesity activity of TP and SP might be needed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.337-347
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• 2017

In this study, free radical scavenging activity and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments were carried out using Dioscorea japonica (D. japonica) and Chenopodium album (C. album) extracts to evaluate their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. In the free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity, $EC_{50}$ of D. japonica and C. album were measured as 2.386 and 0.524 mg/mL, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of the mixed sample of D. japonica and C. album was the highest when the D. japonica and C. album ratio was 2 : 1. The IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ ELISA assay showed that IL-6 in mouse spleen cells treated 1 mg/mL of samples, D. japonica and C. album decreased the production of IL-6 concentration by 27.17%, 72.30%. In the case of $TNF-{\alpha}$, D. japonica and C. album decreased 61.97% and 77.85% of $TNF-{\alpha}$ production, respectively. Through these results, we confirmed that D. japonica and C. album have antioxidant and anti - inflammatory effects and could be applied to natural medicine cosmetic having anti - inflammatory effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.4 s.34
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• pp.57-63
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• 1999

Pericarpium castaneae extracts have variously potent activities, such as anti-oxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity. in vivo and in vitro studies both indicate that pericarpium castaneae extracts acts as a free radical scavenger($IC_{50}:7.6{\mu}g/ml$) stronger than gallic acid($IC_{50}:12.5{\mu}g/ml$) and ellagic acid($IC_{50}:15{\mu}g/ml$) which could prevent cutaneous UV damages and skin aging. The extracts showed a good effect as a anti-oxidant($IC_{50}:50{\mu}g/ml$). It was shown that the appearance of wrinkle in human skin was reduced by topical application of pericarpium castaneae extracts. And the treatment of human skin with the extracts increased the elasticity and moisture of the skin. We investigated the effect of the pericarpium castaneae extracts on production of extracellular matrix using cultured A431 fibroblast cells. The results indicated that the extracts had no detectable effect on collagen synthesis. But synthesis of cell adhesion protein was increased by the extracts. The results suggest that increase of cell adhesion protein synthesis by pericarpium castaneae extracts has closely related to reduction of wrinkle in skin.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.389-395
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• 2012

The study elucidated carbohydrase inhibition, anti-cancerous, free radical scavenging properties and also investigated the DNA and protein protection abilities of methanolic root extract of Rumex crispus (RERC). For this purpose, pulverized roots of Rumex crispus was extracted in methanol (80% and absolute conc.) for 3 hrs for $60^{\circ}C$ and filtered and evaporated with vacuum rotary evaporator. RERC showed high phenolic content ($211{\mu}g$/GAE equivalent) and strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ($IC_{50}$ = 42.86 (absolute methanol) and $36.91{\mu}g/mL$ (80% methanolic extract)) and reduced power ability. Furthermore, RERC exhibited significant protective ability in $H_2O_2/Fe^{3+}$/ascorbic acid-induced protein or DNA damage and percentage inhibition of the HT-29 cell growth rate following 80% methanolic RERC exposure at $400{\mu}g/mL$ was observed to be highest ($10.2%{\pm}1.03$). Moreover, methanolic RERC inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and amylase effectively and significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusively, RERC could be considered as potent carbohydrase inhibitor, anti-cancerous and anti-oxidant.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.57-64
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• 1999

Pericarpium castaneae extracts have variously potent activities, such as anti-oxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity. in vivo and in vivo studies both indicate that pericarpium castaneae extracts acts as a flee radical scavenger ($IC_{50}$/: 7.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) stronger than gallic acid($IC_{50}$/: 12.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and ellagic acid($IC_{50}$/: 15$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) which could prevent cutaneous UV damages and skin aging. The extracts showed a good effect as a anti-oxidant ($IC_{50}$/: 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). It was shown that the appearance of wrinkle in human skin was reduced by topical application of pericarpium castaneae extracts. And the treatment of human skin with the extracts increased the elasticity and moisture of the skin. We investigated the effect of tile pericarpium castaneae extracts on production of extracellular matrix using cultured A431 fibroblast cells. The results indicated that the extracts had no detectable effect on collagen synthesis, But synthesis of cell adhesion protein was increased by the extracts. The results suggest that increase of cell adhesion protein synthesis by pericarpium castaneae extracts has closely related to reduction of wrinkle in skin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1320-1331
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• 2009

Oxidative stress and inflammation are important events in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases including arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension. Cynomorium songaricum (CS) has been used as a traditional Korean herbal medicine, and it is currently used in traditional clinics to treat frequent urination, spermatorrhea, weakness of the sinews and constipation in the folk medicine. The aim of this study was to determine whether fractionated extracts of CS inhibit free radical generation such as DPPH radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, production of nitrite an index of NO, $PGE_2$, iNOS, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cytotoxic activity of extracts on RAW 264.7 cells was measured using 5-(3-caroboxymeth-oxyphenyl)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt (MTS) assay. Our results indicated that the most superior extract which scavenged DPPH radical, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RNS was CS ethyl acetate extract (CSEA). Moreover, CSEA significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO, $PGE_2$ production and iNOS, COX-2 expression accompanied by an attenuation of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 formation in macrophages. Furthermore, CSEA treatment also blocked LPS-induced intracellular ROS production and the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$. These findings indicate that CSEA inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines via the suppression of ROS production and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Take together, these results indicate that CSEA has the potential for use as an natural anti-oxidant and an agent of anti-chronic inflammatory diseases.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Objectives : The heartwood of Sappan Lignum has been used since ancient times as an ingredient in folk medicines against anti-bacterial and anti-anemia purposes. Many bioactive constituents have been derived from this biomass such as chalcones and homoisoflavonoids. In the current investigation, the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties using DPPH and $ABTS^+$ radicals scavenging, ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) inhibition assays were evaluated by different extraction methods of Sappan Lignum. Methods : In our continuing investigation for bioactive natural ingredients, the antioxidant and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory properties of Sappan Lignum extracts were prepared from different extraction methods and the biological efficacies were investigated in vitro. The antioxidant properties were evaluated employing radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radicals. In addition, the anti-diabetic effects of Sappan Lignum extracts were tested via ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and AGEs formation inhibitory assay. The total phenolic contents were determined using a spectrophotometric method. Results : All the tested samples showed dose-dependent radical scavenging and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities. Among the tested extracts, the 80% methanolic extract of Sappan Lignum was showed the most potent activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $82.3{\pm}1.7{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ against DPPH radical scavenging assay. While, $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity of 80% methanolic extract was higher than those of other extracts. Also, ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory and AGEs formation effects of each extacts and total phenolic contents were evaluated. Conclusions : These results suggested that Sappan Lignum can be considered as a new effective source of natural antioxidant and anti-diabetic materials.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Goryeon-hwan (GRH), which is mentioned in ≪Donguibogam≫ that treats leukorrhea. Methods: In this study, the antioxidant efficacy of GRH was evaluated by measuring the total polyphenol and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and ROS production through RAW264.7 cells. The concentration of GRH cytotoxicity was confirmed through the cell viability of RAW264.7 cells, and the production of NO, the production of Cytokine through ELISA assay, and the expression of genes through Real-time PCR were measured to evaluate anti-inflammatory efficacy. Protein phosphorylation and protein expression were measured through Western blot analysis. Results: As a result of the experiment, GRH contained polyphenol and flavonoid, and concentration-dependent increased DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity and decreased ROS production. The anti-inflammatory efficacy measurement results showed a significant decrease in NO and Cytokine production in the GRH administration group compared to the control group. In terms of gene expression and protein expression, there was a significant decrease in iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α depending on the concentration, and a significant increase in HO-1 and NQO1. Protein phosphorylation measurements showed a concentration-dependent significant decrease in the GRH group at ERK and p38. Conclusions: As a result, the study experimentally confirmed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of GRH, suggesting that it may be used as a treatment for various gynecological inflammatory diseases including vaginitis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.805-811
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• 2016

The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-proliferating activity of the water extract mixture of Cordyceps militaris (CM) and Allium tuberosum (AT). The water extract mixture rate of CM and AT was optimized by means of a sensory evaluation test. The optimized mixture rate were decided at 70% of CM, 30% of AT, and 10% of apple concentrate as an additive. The values of total acidity, pH, sugar contents, and turbidity of the water extract mixture were 0.1%, 4.28, 9.10 °Brix, and 1.48 respectively. The water extract mixture had effective DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power effect, and ABTS radical activity. DPPH radical activities of the water extract and the water extract mixture were 43.2% and 51.7% respectively; their reducing power (OD₇₀₀) was 1.14 and 1.43 respectively; and ABTS^.+ radical activities were 47.1% and 62.2% respectively. Also, the water extract mixture showed a higher anti-proliferating effect than the AT extract on human prostate cancer cells. These results provided experimental evidence that the water extract mixture of CM and AT is a better source of anti-oxidant and anti-cancer ingredients than a single extract of CM. In conclusion, the water extract mixture of CM and AT will be beneficial in development of a functional drink.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.469-475
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• 2006

A series of yakuchinone B 1f and its analogs 1a-e was synthesized and evaluated for free radical scavenging, suppression of LPS-induced NO generation, cytotoxicity and anti-excitotoxicity in vitro. Compound 1c exhibited potent anti-excitotoxicity, while all compounds 1a-f showed considerable effects of free radical scavenging, suppression of LPS-induced NO generation, and cytotoxicity in microglia.