• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2008

Objectives : To estimate the value of the Gyungokgo as therapeutic agent preventing against aging with an analysis of the ingredients and the bio-activating effects by enzymologic methods. Methods : A quantitative analysis of general ingredients' of the Gyungokgo's extract was done first. The effects on electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, nitric oxide inhibition, xanthine oxidase inhibition, whitening effect have been investigated in the physiological activity measurement of function experiment. Results : The contained hydrolyzed amino acid is Valine, Aspartic acid, Arginine, Isoleucine and the contained free amino acid is Arginine, Phenylalanine, Valine, Glycine. The derivative of free amino acid is Phosphoserine, Carnocine, ${\gammer}$-Aminoisobutyric acid. And the Gyungokgo contains 14 species of minerals, K>Na>Ca>Mg>Fe>Al>Mn. Then, to assure of the Gyungokgo's anti-oxidation, these following subjects -polyphenol, electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, nitric oxide inhibition, xanthine oxidase inhibition, tyrosinase inhibation- are analyzed and show high activity especially the most in chloroform extracts, (every ingredients written by the order of high amount) Conclusions : The Gyungokgo contains many materials functioning as anti-oxidation, neurotransmitter, anti-fatigue and immune agent.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2016

The need for natural cosmetic ingredients has been increasing over the world nowadays. Agarose, a natural polymer from red seaweeds, has high hydrophilic character and a function of scaffolder. As skin moisturizer, agarose is adequate for percutaneous absorption. While, blueberry fruits extract possesses rich procyanidins and anthocyanins which show health benefits, anti-oxidant effect, anti-aging and anti-melanogenesis. Stability, sensory preference, skin trouble of the emulsion formula are important for cosmetic product development. In this study, we manufactured an emulsion formula for skin moisturizers using the two ingredients and tested emulsion stability and skin trouble. Total phenolic contents of the blueberry fruits extract were evaluated as well as tyrosinase inhibitory and collagenase inhibitory activities. $IC_{50}$ values of blueberry fruits extract for anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase activities were 168 and $112{\mu}g/mL$, respectively using gallic acid as a control ($64.8{\mu}g/mL$). The stability (pH and viscosity) of the formula containing 2% blueberry fruits extracts and 0.1% agarose was measured at five different temperatures (room temp., $25^{\circ}C$, $55^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $55^{\circ}C$) under the sun light at 2 day intervals for 12 days. There has been little pH change at the different temperatures. According to the sensory evaluation, there was no significant flavor, discoloration and physical changes of the formula at $25-65^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that emulsion formula containing blueberry extract and agarose could be used as a candidate for lotion and essence products.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2018

Purpose : In this study, we intended to observe the anti-wrinkle and moisturizing effects of dried pomegranate juice concentration powder (PCP) using in vitro test. Materials and methods : Antioxidant effects of PCP were determined by free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH assay) and the cytotoxicity of PCP was examined in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human primary dermal fibroblast-neonatal (HDF) cells. To investigate the moisturizing effect of PCP, hyaluronan synthesis was examined in HaCaT cells. Activity of procollagen production were assessed in HDF cells and elastase inhibition properties of PCP were evaluated in cell free condition, to determine their anti-wrinkle effects. Metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) activity was also assessed following UVB irradiation, in the current in vitro experiment. Results : No PCP treatment related significant cytotoxic effects were demonstrated against to the both HDF and HaCaT cells. PCP showed favorable free radical scavenging activities in dose-dependent manner. In PCP-treated HaCaT cells, hyaluronan synthesis was non-significantly but markedly increased, and pro-collagen productions were significantly increased in HDF cells, at all three different concentrations (0.25, 0.75 and 1 mg/ml), and elastase inhibitory activities were observed by PCP treatment. A significant decrease in UVB-induced MMP-1 activity was also observed in 1 mg/ml PCP-treated HDF cells as compared to those of UVB-exposed cells. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that PCP has favorable antioxidant, anti-wrinkle and moisturizing effects without meaningful cytotoxicity on HDF and HaCaT cell lines.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1567-1573
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• 2020

Ultraviolet (UV) is one of the major factors harmful to skin health. Irradiation with ultraviolet accelerates the decline of skin function, causing the skin to have deep wrinkles, dryness, decreased procollagen production, and degradation of collagen. Novel materials are needed to prevent the aging of the skin by blocking the effects of UV. Safflower seed oil (Charthamus tinctorius L., SSO) contains significantly high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and phytochemicals. SSO has been traditionally used in China, Japan, and Korea to improve skin and hair. Our objective in this study was to determine the effect of SSO and its active compound acacetin on UVB-induced skin photoaging in HaCaT cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). SSO inhibited UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) at both protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells and HDF. MMP-1 is known to play important roles in collagen degradation and wrinkle formation. Acacetin, a type of flavonoid, is present in SSO. Similar to SSO, acacetin also inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells and HDF. MMP-1 mRNA is primarily regulated by the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Acacetin regulated the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and c-jun, but did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and AKT. Taken together, these results indicate that SSO and its active compound acacetin can prevent UVB-induced MMP-1 expression, which leads to skin photoaging, and may therefore have therapeutic potential as an anti-wrinkle agent to improve skin health.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2004

피부 노화를 예방할 수 있는 기능성 화장품은 지질과산화를 초래하는 활성산소종(ROS)의 생성 억제와 제거 또는 collagen과 elastin의 사슬 절단 및 교차결합의 변형을 억제하는 효능이 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 피부 조직 중 malonedialdehydt (MDA)와 collagen이 항노화 작용이 있는 기능성 화장품의 검색 지표로서의 사용 가능성을 알아보고자 10, 25 주령 랫드의 정상 피부와 창상을 유도한 피부를 7일간 관찰하였다. 육안적인 관찰에서는 10 주령군의 11마리 랫드 중 10마리에서, 노령 랫드군의 11마리 중 8마리에서 창상이 폐쇄되었다. 10 주령 랫드와 비교했을 때 노령 랫드에서 흉터의 길이는 긴 반면에 외피의 폐쇄, collagen 밀도, 외피의 두께, 총 hydroxyproline (hyp)과 MDA 농도가 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다( p〈0.05 ∼ p 〈 0.005). 10 주령에서 진피의 규칙적으로 배열된 collagen 섬유다발과 많은 섬유아세포의 관찰과는 반대로 25 주령 이상 랫드에서는 collagen 섬유다발 사이에 많은 낭포, 소와 및 섬유아세포 수의 감소, 느슨한 외피와 진피의 결합과 얇은 외피가 관찰됨으로서 25 주령 이상의 랫드에서 감소된 hyp 양은 감소된 collagen 밀도 및 형태학적 변화와 일치하였다. 따라서 collagen 합성과 축적의 지표인 hyp의 측정은 항 피부노화 예방 및 개선제의 모니터링 연구에서 매우 유용하며 또한 피부 노화의 검객 지표로 사용이 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2003

Objectives : Peroxynitrite($ONOO^-$), formed from the reaction of $O2^-$ and NO, is a cytotoxic species that can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. It has been involved in the aging process and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate scavenging activities of $ONOO^-$ and its precursors, NO and $O_{2^-}$ and its scavenging mechanism of Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR). Methods : To investigate scavenging activities of $ONOO^-,\;NO,\;O_{2^-}$ and its scavenging mechanism, we used fluorescent probes like DCFDA, DAF-2 and DHR 123. The $ONOO^-$ scavenging activity on ZR was assayed by measuring oxidized dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) by fluorometry. The scavenging efficacy was expressed as IC50, showing the concentration of each sample that is required to cause 50% inhibition of DHR 123 oxidation. In a separate study, the protective effect of ZR on $ONOO^-$-induced nitration of bovine serum albumin was investigated through immuno-assay with a monoclonal anti-nitryrosine antibody, and a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody from sheep. Results : ZR markedly scavenged authentic $ONOO^-,\;O_{2^-}$ and NO. It also inhibited $ONOO^-$ induced by $O_{2^-}$ and NO which are derived from SIN-1. The data demonstrated that ZR led to decreased $ONOO^-$ mediated nitration of tyrosine through electron donation. It also inhibited the nitration of bovine serum albumin induced by $ONOO^-$ in a dose-dependent manner. Furtheremore, it blocked LPS-induced ROS and RNS generation. Conclusions : These results suggest that ZR can be developed as an effective $ONOO^-$ scavenger for the prevention of aging process and age-related diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2023

Background: The beneficial effects of compound K (CK) on different chronic diseases have been shown to be at least related to antioxidant action. Nevertheless, since its antioxidant activity in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is still unknown, here we investigated whether CK alleviates oxidative stress-stimulated damage in RPE ARPE-19 cells. Methods: The cytoprotective consequence of CK in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-treated cells was evaluated by cell viability, DNA damage, and apoptosis assays. Fluorescence analysis and immunoblotting were performed to investigate the inhibitory action of CK on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results: H₂O₂-promoted cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial impairment, and apoptosis were significantly attenuated by CK in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation level and its shuttling to the nucleus were increased, which was correlated with upregulated activation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, zinc protoporphyrin, a blocker of HO-1, significantly abrogated the preventive action of CK in H₂O₂-treated ARPE-19 cells. Conclusion: This study indicates that activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling by CK plays an important role in rescuing ARPE-19 cells from oxidative cellular damage.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.405-408
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• 2004

레티노이드 효과가 나타나는 것을 목적으로 하여 다양한 히드록삼산 유도체를 합성하였고, 레티노익산 수용체에 대한 전사 활성을 측정하여 스크리닝하였다. 합성된 화합물 중에서 N-(4-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl) [4-(tort-butyl)phenyl] carboxamide (2f)가 수용체에 대한 가장 강력한 적합성을 나타내었다. 히드록삼산 구조에서 산도를 나타내는 히드록시기는 쉽게 이온화하여 음이온을 형성한다. 형성된 히드록삼산의 음이온은 레티노익산의 음이온과 유사한 역할을 한다. 이와 같이 히드록삼산 화합물이 레티노이드 효과를 나타내는 예는 이전에 알려진 바가 없다. 화합물 2f의 레티노이드 효과는 레티노이드와 연관된 유전자의 발현 증가 효과로 한번 더 검증하였다. 노화 원료로서의 가능성을 확인하기 위해서 MMP-1의 발현 억제능을 레티노익산, 레티놀과 비교하여 살펴보았다. 10 uM 농도에서 화합물 2f는 MMP-1의 발현을 억제하였다. 이와 같은 결과로 화합물 2f는 항노화 원료로서의 가능성을 가지고 있다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2004

인삼(Panax ginseng C. A Meyer)의 뿌리는 전통적인 항-노화 및 항-주름제로 동양에서 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 인삼의 어떤 성분이 주름 형성을 억제하는데 효과적인지는 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 최근 인삼의 주요 활성 성분으로 생각되는 ginsenosides가 20가지 이상 분리되었다. 이들 중 본 연구원들은 인삼에 의한 항-주름의 작용기작을 밝히기 위해 세포간질(extracellular matrix, ECM) 물질대사에 있어 ginsenoside Rg3의 진피에서의 효과를 시험하였다. 본 연구에서, ginsenoside Rg3의 항-주름 효과를 연구하기 위해 진피의 세포간질 구성 성분과 성장 인자를 ELISA (enzyme-1in14ed immunosorbent assay) 측정법으로 평가하였다. Ginsenoside Rg3은 human dermal fibroblasts 배양에서 type I procollagen과 fibronectin(FN) 생합성을 농도 증가에 비례하여 촉진시키고(p < 0.05, n=3), 농도에 비례하여 TGF-$\beta$1 수준을 증가 (p < 0.05, n=3) 시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. RT-PCR 분석에서 AP-1 전사 인자(transcription factor)의 일부인 c-Jun의 mRNA 수준이 human dermal fibroblasts에서 ginsenoside Rg3에 의해 감소되었다. 이들 결과들은 ginsenoside Rg3이 fibroblasts에서 TGF-$\beta$1과 AP-1의 발현을 변화시킴으로써 type I collagen과 FN합성을 촉진시킴을 보여준다.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2004

The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by the UV irradiated skin fibroblast and the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by these enzymes is known as one of the main reasons of photoaging. In this paper, to investigate the relationship between aging and Selaginella tamariscina extract (STE), we investigated the effects of antioxidant and expression of UVA-induced MMP-1 in human dermal fibroblasts. STE was found to show scavenging activities of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $IC_{50}$/ values of 65.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical and 40.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. UVA induced MMP expression was reduced 75.5% by treatment with STE, and MMP-1 mRNA expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore STE was able to significantly inhibition of MMP expression in protein and mRNA level. All these results suggested that STE may act as an anti-aging agent by antioxidation and reducing UVA-induced MMP-1 production.