• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2007

Culture broth of a streptomycete isolate, Streptomyces sp. CS684 showed antibacterial activity on methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). Among purified substances from the organism, CSU-1, which is active against MRSA and VRE, is a $C_{37}H_{62}O_{12}Na\;(M^+,721.3875)$, and identified as laidlomycin. The anti-MRSA and anti-VRE activity of CSU-1 was stronger than oxacillin and vancomycin. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CS684 is very similar to Streptomyces ardus NRRL $2817^T$, whereas the ability of Streptomyces sp. CS684 to produce laidlomycin was shown to be unique.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.145-170
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the anti inflammatory and anti allergy effects of Vitex rotundifolia Linne fil. extract(VRE). Results : 1. In vitro test, VRE was used to determine the modulation of cytokine secretion, the activation of inflammatory and allergic factor and the inhibition of gene expression. The cell survival rate of Raw 264.7 and Jurkat T cells didn't decrease and accordingly cytotoxicity wasn't observed. In anti-allergic assay, the secretion of IL-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-${\gamma}$ were suppressed on Jurkat T cells induced by dust mites. And the gene expression of COX-2 was suppressed in HMC-1 stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187. In anti-inflammatory assay, the gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 were suppressed on LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells. And the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 were suppressed on EoL-1 cells induced by dust mites. P38 and ERK activation of MAPK decreased generally. VRE showed potent inhibitory activity of NO production. 2. In vivo test, we used NC/Nga mouse induced by atopic dermatitis to observe the effects of VRE on the weight, water and feed, blood test, weight of organs, total IgE and histological change of main organs. Quantity of water and feed were not changed, therefore it didn't affect the weight directly, and no change was observed in related main organs, thus maybe there is no organ toxicity by test substances. And the symptoms were decreased significantly, and the thickness of epithelial cell layer and the number of mast cells were inhibited significantly by the difference of dosage. The number of total complete blood cells and IgE in serum were not changed significantly. Conclusion : These results suggest that VRE has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. Therefore VRE could be used effectively on improvement or treatment of atopic dermatitis. However, further study is needed to prove which component of VRE indicates effective pharmacological action.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2006

VISA and VRE are the main causes of surgical infection, urinary tract infections and bacteremia in hospitals. In this study; we selected VISA (Vancomycin Intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus) isolated from the clinical isolates. One of the isolated strains indicated the high resistance to severel anti-biotics (Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Mupirocin, Synercid, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Lincomycin, Cefotaxim, Meropenem). Antimicrobial activity of Bifidobacterium spp. against VISA and VRE were measured. About $10^4$ cells of VISA or VRE were mixed with 1,5 and 9 ml of Bifidobacterium and the final volume was adjusted to 10 ml with brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The cell suspension was incubated for 3, 6, 9, and 24 hr, serially diluted and then plated on BHI agar plate. As numbers of Bifidobacterium were increased viable cell count of VISA and VRE decreased. The strongest antimicrobial activity of the Bifidobacterium was observed after 9hr incubation in any mixture, almost completely inhibiting the growth of VISA and VRE.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

Shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., has been considered a health food for centuries in Asia and is known to contain the isothiocyanate compound sulforaphane. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of a sulforaphane-containing solution (SCS) isolated from shepherd's purse. SCS had significant anti-inflammatory activity indicated by the decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (interleukin $1{\beta}$ [IL-$1{\beta}$], IL-6, and IL-10), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. In addition, SCS decreased the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) levels, which confirmed the anti- inflammatory activity of SCS. Further, SCS inhibited vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and Bacillus anthracis. The minimal inhibitory concentration was $250{\mu}g/ml$ for VRE and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ for B. anthracis. Taken together, these data indicate that SCS has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-superbacterial properties, and thus it can be used as a functional food or pharmaceutical.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.704-709
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• 2009

The emergence of methicillin-resistant of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has led to an urgent need for the discovery and development of new antibacterial agents. As part of an ongoing investigation into the antibacterial properties of the natural products, (2S)-7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(${\gamma}$, ${\gamma}$-dimethylally)-f1avanone (2S-DMDF), isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens, was found to be antibacterial active MRSA and VRE. Sophora flavescens has been used as antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory. Therefore, this study investigated the antibacterial activity of 2S-DMDF against all the bacterial strains tested. In this result, at the end point of an optically clear well, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 0.97 to 15.6 mg/ml for 2S-DMDF, from 125 to 256 mg/ml for ampicillin, and from 64 to 512 mg/ml for gentamicin with MRSA, also, 7.8 to 15.6 mg/ml for 2S-DMDF, from 125 to 256 mg/ml for ampicillin, and from 512 to 1024< mg/ml for vacomicin with VRE. These findings indicated that the application of the tested 2S-DMDF alone might prove useful in the control and treatment of MRSA and VRE infections.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2011

The purpose of this investigation was to extract the bioactive agents from Alpinia officinarum Hance. The methanol with ethylacetate extracts alone and combined were examined for their activities against VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) and pathogenic yeast in vitro. The incidence of infections caused by VRE and other pathogenic microorganisms and the importance of using novel synergistic drug combinations has become important. Previously, we reported the antimicrobial effects of the butanol extract from Lonicera japonica and have evaluated combinations of solvent extracts, with a focus on the MeOH and EtOAc extracts from A. officinarum. In the present study, enhanced inhibitory effects were achieved by employing a combination of the two solvent extracts. The MeOH and EtOAc combination was especially effective against four VRE strains: E. faecalis (K-10-22), E. faecaium (K-11-212), E. faecalis (K-10-57) and E. faecalis (K-10-361) with MIC values of 12.5, 12.5, 6.25 and 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Thus, the combination was more effective than other antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin or tetracycline against bacteria including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus. In addition, the combination was effective against yeasts such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2015

다제내성균의 증가는 사용할 항생제가 적거나 심지어 선택할 항생제가 없기 때문에 감염환자의 치료에 커다란 위협이 되고 있다. 최근 다양한 천연 추출물이 내성세균에서 항균효과 및 상승효과를 보인다는 보고가 많다. 어성초(Houttuynia cordata)는 항균, 항바이러스 및 항산화 효과를 보이는 전통적 약초이다. 이에 저자들은 임상의 주요 내성균에 대한 어성초의 항균효과를 알아보고, 이들의 적절한 항균효과 측정방법을 평가하고자 한다. 우선 현재 가장 많은 문제를 야기하는 주요 내성균인 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), carbepenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) 각각 10 균주를 선택하여, CLSI 기준으로 디스크 확산법 및 미량액체배지희석법으로 감수성 시험을 하였다. CLSI 기준으로 시행한 디스크 확산법에서 $4,096{\mu}g/mL$에서 $30,000{\mu}g/mL$ 까지의 농도에서 모든 균의 억제대는 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 액체배지 희석법에서는 MRSA, VRE, CRAB의 $MIC_{90}$이 각각 $4,096{\mu}g/mL$, $8,192{\mu}g/mL$, $4,096{\mu}g/mL$를 보였다. 결론적으로 어성초는 MRSA, VRE, CRAB 등 주요 임상 내성균에서 우수한 항균효과를 보이며 천연물의 항균효과를 평가에 디스크 확산법보다 액체배지 희석법이 유용하다고 할 수 있다. 만약 디스크 확산법으로 항균효과를 측정하려면 천연물에 대한 균 접종 농도의 변경 등 새로운 기준이 요구된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2011

Zabofloxacin is a novel broad spectrum fluoroquinolone with excellent anti-pneumococcal activity. We investigated the in vitro activity of zabofloxacin against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria and the in vivo activity against systemic infection in mice. Zabofloxacin was very active against gram-positive bacteria except QRSA (Quinolone-resistant S. aureus) and VRE(Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci). Especially, zabofloxacin was extremely potent against clinical isolates of Streptococci. Zabofloxacin was as active as gemifloxacin against systemic infection in mice. In view of its improved antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria and good pharmacokinetic profiles in animals, the clinical usefulness of zabofloxacin should be established by further studies.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권9호통권89호
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• pp.1278-1283
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• 2007

시중에서 사용되고 있는 일반 소독제를 대상으로 하여 병원 미생물의 내성 빈도를 검토한 결과는 약 30%였다. 그 중에서 푸드세프 (산화제 중 할로겐 계 소독약)와 동인테고 (양성 계면 활성제) 및 Iodo 175 (양성 계면 활성제)는 병원 미생물에 대해 낮은 감수성을 나타냈었을 뿐 아니라, 시험에 사용된 다른 소독제에 비하여 높은 내성 빈도를 나타내었다. 소독제 내성 균주를 사용해서 항생제 내성을 MIC test와 paper disc 방법으로 확인한 결과 30%의 내성 빈도를 나타내었다. 다른 항생제에 비해 aminoglycoside 계의 항생제인 gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin에서 높은 내성 빈도를 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구실에서 제주도 손바닥 선인장으로부터 추출${\cdot}$분획한 MBT-01108 물질을 소독제와 항생제에 내성을 획득한 내성균에 상용했을 경우 내성이 생기지 않을 뿐 아니라, 내성균이 자라지 못하였다. 또한 현재 문제시되고 있는 다제 내성균인 MRSA, R-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, VRE, E. coli O157에 사용했을 경우에도 마찬가지의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이상에서 살펴 본 바와 같이 손바닥 선인장에서 추출 ${\cdot}$ 분획한 MBT-01108 물질은 기존의 항생제와는 다른 기작으로 작용을 할 것으로 생각되고, 신규 항균 활성 물질의 약제 개발에 그 유용성이 매우 클 것으로 기대되며 여러 가지 항균성 생활 제품의 개발에도 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

손바닥선인장 추출물은 한의학에서 항염증 작용, 화상, 부종, 소화 불량 등 몇 가지의 생리학적 기능이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 손바닥선인장 줄기를 메탄올을 이용하여 추출한 후 그 추출물을 이용하여 항균활성을 확인한 결과 병원균 등 일반 세균에서 항균활성을 확인하였다. 특히, 약제내성균 및 혐기성 균인 여드름 원인균 뿐만 아니라 효모, 곰팡이 등 진균류에서도 항균활성을 나타내어 넓은 항균 스펙트럼을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 열 처리, 저장온도 및 저장기간이 항균활성에 영향을 미치지 않았으므로 온도 및 기간에 안정함을 확인할 수 있었고, 식품 보존제로서의 가능성 확인 시험에서도 기존의 식품 보존제보다 안전성이 있는 항균활성 물질로 평가되었다.