• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.26-42
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Manbunbang extract (MBB). Methods: In order to understand the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of MBB, expression of cytokines and its levels in RAW 264.7 cell lines, as well as changes of cytokine gene expressions in serum, spleen, and liver tissues in acute inflammation induced mouse model were investigated. Results: 1. MBB significantly suppressed the expression levels of IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$ and COX-2 mRNAs at 100 and 50 ${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$ concentrations, and IL-6 and NOS-II genes at 100, 50 and 10 ${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$ concentrations in RAW 264.7 cell lines, compared to those of the control. 2. MBB significantly reduced the production level of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ at 100 and 50 ${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$ concentrations in RAW 264.7 cell lines compared the those of the control. 3. MBB significantly reduced the production of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels in sera of acute inflammation induced mice. 4. MBB significanlty suppressed the expression level of IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in spleen tissues as well as IL-6 mRNA in liver tissues in acute inflammation induced mice. Conclusion: From the results above, anti-inflammatory effect of MBB through its immune regulation could be experimentally explained. Wide treatment of inflammatory diseases such as pelvic inflammation using MBB are recommended.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2022

In this study, a functional study was conducted to confirm the inhibitory effect of IL-6 and TFN-α, which are allergic inflammation inhibitory effects, using natural extracts 640 types of substances. Of the 640 types, 36 substances showed 100% cell viability, and among the extracts showing the IL-6 inhibitory effect, 8 substances showed an inhibitory effect similar to that of cyclosporin A, and 5 substances showed an inhibitory effect on TFN-α. In particular, two types of extracts showing a common inhibitory effect on IL-6 and TFN-α showed an anti-allergic anti-inflammatory effect and a strong anti-allergic anti-inflammatory effect in Hagocho and Snow lotus extract. It is thought that these contents can be used as a functional natural cosmetic material for allergy-inflammation suppression using natural extracts.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2022

Objectives: Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (RRP) has been used as a traditional remedy to treat gynecology and endocrine diseases. Recently, studies on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of RRP have been reported, so it was judged that RRP extracts would have an anti-depressive effect. Methods: We investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-depressive effect of RRP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression and LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. RRP inhibited the LPS-stimulated excessive release of nitrite in the BV2 cells. RRP also significantly inhibited the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Results: RRP significantly suppressed the LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-𝜅B activation. In addition, administration of RRP not only inhibited the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) but also increased the total travel distance in the open field test (OFT). Also, RRP inhibited the elevation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in brain of LPS-injected mice. Conclusions: Considering the overall results, our study showed that RRP exhibited the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-depressive activities via deactivation of MAPKs and NF-𝜅B.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to assess the role of cytokines in the activation of peritoneal macrophages from Toxoplasma-infected mice. Peritoneal macrophages from Toxoplasma-infected mice (10 cysts of Beverley strain/mouse) were harvested 8 weeks after infection, and incubated with the mitogen-induced lymphokine, recombinant mouse $interferon-{\gamma}(IFN-{\gamma})$, recombinant mouse tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}{\;}(TNF-{\alpha})$ alone or in combination with 4$IFN-{\gamma}(IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha})$ for 24hr at 37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$. Macrophage activation was measured by the amount of $H_20_2{\;}and{\;}N0_2^{-}$ production, and antiToxoplasma activities of macrophages. $IFN-{\gamma}{\;}or{\;}IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}-treated$ macrophages from Toxoplasma-infected mice revealed significantly higher $H_20_2$ production than resident macrophages from Toxoplasma-infected mice. The production of $N0_2^{-}{\;}by{\;}TNF-{\alpha}-,{\;}IFN-{\gamma}-{\;}or{\;}IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}-treated$ macrophages from Toxoplasma-infected mice were significantly higher than that by resident macrophages, whereas lymphokine-treated group produced similar amount as that produced by resident macrophages. Anti-Toxoplasma activities of cytokinetreated macrophages from Toxoplasma-infected mice were Significantly higher than those of resident macrophages. $IFN-{\gamma}-treated$ macrophages were significantly increased production of $H_20_2{\;}and{\;}N0_2^{-}$, and anti-Toxoplasma activities of macrophages between normal and Toxoplasma-infected mice, whereas the other cytokine-treated groups were not significant differences between them. These data suggested that IFN-{\gamma}was the only one of cytokines capable of significantly activating the peritoneal macrophages from Toxoplasmainfected mice.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.129-135
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study was undertaken to determine whether the water extract of Achyranthis Radix, which is the roots of Achyranthes japonica (Achyranthis Radix, AR), is efficacious against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. Methods : Mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen and orally treated with AR-W (50 and 100 mg/kg/bw) from days 21 to 42 after immunization. Arthritis was evaluated by arthritic score, histological examination of knee joint and serological markers such as TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and anti-type II collagen (C II)IgG. Results : The results showed that comparing with untreated CIA mice, treated with AR-W significantly suppressed the clinical score and joint tissue pathological damages, reduced the serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and anti-C II IgG in CIA-mice. These results suggest that AR-W can effectively alleviate inflammatory response on CIA, and anti-inflammatoy of AR-W can be attributed, at least partially, to the inhibition of inflamamtory mediators, $PGE_2$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, in CIA. Conclusions : This study suggests that AR-W has a therapeutic potential in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

The hawthorn fruit (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider) is used as a traditional medicine in Korea. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of the water fractionated portion of hawthorn fruit on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cellular model. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production in the water fraction and LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells were determined with an ELISA. The cytotoxicity of the water fraction and LPS was measured with an MTT assay. Expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) mRNA were analyzed with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The water fraction of hawthorn fruit was determined to be safe and significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and suppressed COX-2, (TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 expression. The observed anti-inflammatory effects of the water fraction of hawthorn fruit might be attributed to the down-regulation of COX-2, (TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.152-165
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• 2008

Purpose: It is the purpose of this study to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of cheukbaekjurpihwan(CBJPH) extract on LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced inflammatory mediators in murine peritoneal macrophages. Methods: To evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of CBJPH extract, the production of cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$(tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL(interleukin)-6, IL-12) and NO(nitric oxide) was measured in vitro and in vivo. And western blot analysis has been done to look into the mechanism. Results: CBJPH extract reduced LPS-induced NO, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6, IL-12 productions in peritoneal macrophages. CBJPH extract inhibited the activation of JNK(c-Jun N-terminal kinase), but didn't inhibit the activation of MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) such as p38, ERK1/2(extracelluar signal-regulated kinase1/2) and the degradation of $I_{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$(inhibitory kappa B-alpha) in the LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. CBJPH extract suppressed LPS-induced endotoxin shock and the productions of TNF-${\alpha}$, but not of IL-6, after an oral administration of CBJPH extract Conclusion: CBJPH extract suppressed the productions of LPS-induced NO and cytokines by preventing JNK from phosphorylation, which may provide a clinical basis for anti-inflammatory properties of CBJPH.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2008

With extracts from Cheongmoknosang, anti-inflammatory effect was examined in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. LPS (10 ng/ml) treatment increased the production of inflammatory cytokines, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ but the ethanol extracts from Cheongmoknosang slightly decreased the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and also reduced the expression of iNOS and the production of COX-2. It seems that anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from Cheongmoknosang is partly due to the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression by inhibiting nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-l in Raw 264.7 cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of MeOH Ex. of Salvia miltiorrhiza (MESM) against oral pathogenic bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), removal effect of biofilm produced by Streptococcus mutans, effect of gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and effect of production of proinflammatory cytokine of MESM were tested. MESM showed moderated antibacterial activity against oral pathogenic bacteria. About 89±8% of biofilms produced by S. mutans were removed by MESM at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Gene expression of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis were 8~9 folds reduced by MESM. Gene expression of IL-8 induced by Fusobacterium nucelatum were 12 folds reduced by MESM. Production of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 were significantly suppressed by MESM. Conclusively, MESM showed potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect against oral pathogenic bacteria.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.97-102
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• 2009

Objectives : We determined the anti-inflammatory activity of KCNS-001 that is a herbal formula including 6 medicinal plants and that are used to mitigate atopic dermatitis in oriental medicine. Methods : To evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of KCNS-001, we measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The concentrations of ROS and relative level of NO were measured with DPPH assay and Griess reagent, respectively. COX-2 and TNF-$\alpha$ were detected by enzyme immuno assay (EIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results : ROS and NO production were reduced by KCNS-001 in a dose-dependent manner. KCNS-001 significantly inhibited activity of COX-2 and suppressed the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$). Conclusions : These results indicate that the KCNS-001 may have an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of various inflammatory disease.