• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권sup1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

The causes of liver disease in children and abnormal liver function test are more diverse than those in adult. Therefore, the first step to evaluate the liver disease is the understanding the liver disease and interpreting the appropriate liver function test in children. The characteristics of each test and various conditions which we encounter in outpatients settings will be discussed in this article, especially focused on elevation of aminotransferase level without identifiable causes.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 1993

The present study examined the effects of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on acetaminophen (AA)-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats and also examined the effects of these compounds on the biliary excretion of phenolphthalein (PP) and the hepatic glucuronidation. Male Sprague-Da-wley rats were pretreated with BHA (0.75% in diet for 10 days) were given single dose of AA (600mg/kg, ip) and liver function was determined 24 hr later. Serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histopathology were used as indices of hepatotoxicity.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.174.1-174.1
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• 2003

The protective effects of acteoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside, on cabon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and the possible mechanisms involved in this protection were investigated in mice. Pretreatment with acteoside prior to the administration of carbon tetrachloride significantly prevented the increased serum enzymatic activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase in a dose-dependent manner. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.301.2-301.2
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• 2002

The present study was done to determine the effect of trolox C. a hydrophilic analogue of vitamin E. on alteration in cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-dependent drug metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion. Rats were subjected to 60 min of hepatic ischemia and 5 h of reperfusion. Rats were treated intravenously with trolox C (2.5 mg/kg) or vehicle (PBS. pH 7.4), 5 min before reperfusion. Serum alanine aminotransferase and lipid peroxidation levels were markedly increased after ischemia and reperfusion. This increase was significantly suppressed by trolox C. (omitted)

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.558-560
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• 2005

Hepatoprotective effects of white ginseng extract (WGE), and IH-901 (20-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol) derived from intestinal metabolite of ginsenoside $Rb_1$ were studied using two experimental animal models with chemical-induced hepatic damage. Administration of WGE (200 and 500 mg/kg) and IH-901 (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mM/kg) significantly decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in acute hepatitic mice induced by $CCl_4$. Administration of WGE (l00 mg/kg) and IH-901 (0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 mM/kg) significantly decreased AST and ALT levels in acute hepatitic rats induced by D-galactosamine. AST and ALT levels of IH-901 groups decreased. These results suggested WGE and IH-901 may have protective effects against chemical-induced hepatic damage.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2008

The present study aimed at assessing the protective effect of water extract from fruit body of the Grifola frondosa (GFW) on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats orally administered with GFW 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg for 14 days were treated with $CCl_4$ to induce hepatotoxicity. Pretreatment with GFW remarkably prevented the elevation of serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, $\gamma$-GTP, and liver lipid peroxides in $CCl_4$-treated rat and GFW administration in liver injured rats by $CCl_4$ showed significant (p<0.05) protection of liver as evidenced from normal serum enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In the ultrastructural changes, administration of $CCl_4$-induced damage of hepatocytes with vacuolation, a highly damaged endoplasmic reticulum, and degenerating nuclei. However, pre-administration with GFW preserved normal ultrastructure of hepatocytes. These results suggest that GFW had an effect to inhibit $CCl_4$-induced liver injury in rat, and that it could be used as an effective hepatoprotective agent against chemical-induced liver damage.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 2003

본 연구는 축사 내에서 집약적으로 사육되고 있는 꽃사슴의 녹용 성장기간 중의 혈액성분변화와 녹용성장과의 관련성 해석을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 녹용성장기간 중 혈액성분의 변화를 측정하기 위하여 우리 내에서 사육 중인 4${\sim}$6년 생 꽃사슴 웅록 25두를 무작위로 선별하여, 낙각 직후부터 10일 간격으로 절각일(50일)까지 혈액을 채취하여 미네랄과 효소 활성치를 측정하였다. 칼슘과 인의 농도는 녹용성장기간 중 커다란 변동이 없었으며 나트륨, 칼륨, 염소의 농도는 낙각 직후와 녹용성장에 따른 경시적인 유의차가 나타났다. AST, ALT, amylase, CK, GGT 및 LDH의 농도는 낙각 직후와 녹용성장에 따른 유의차는 인정되지 않았으나, ALK-P의 농도는 녹용성장이 진행되면서 계속 증가하여 낙각 후 50일 경에는 최고치를 나타내어 낙각시의 농도와 유의차가 나타났으며(p〈0.01), CK와 LDH의 활성은 다른 동물들보다 높게 나타났다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.905-910
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• 2002

To investigate an eliminatory effect of mixed extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunb, Gastrodia elata and Alnus japonica etc., on the ethanol-induced hangover, 12 hr-fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220±20 g were given mixed extract (10 mL/kg, p.o.) and administered ethanol at a dose of 3 g/kg bw (25% in distilled water) orally 30 min postdosing. Blood was collected from caudal artery at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hr and then the animals were sacrificed at 24 hr after the ethanol treatment. From 0 to 12 hr, the administration of mixed extract significantly decreased the area under the serum alcohol concentrations-vs.-time curves by 21 % compared with control group. In these experiments, liver function indices, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities, showed unaltered results in all treated groups compared with the normal group. These results suggest that oral intake of the mixed extract may be effective on elimination of ethanol-induced hangover.

• 환경생물
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2015

$12^{\circ}C$에서 DO 농도가 $0.7mg\;L^{-1}$일 때 조피볼락의 폐사가 발생하였으며, 소요시간은 274분이었다. $20^{\circ}C$에서는 DO 농도가 $0.8mg\;L^{-1}$일 때 조피볼락의 폐사가 발생하였으며, 소요시간은 148분이었다. DO 농도의 감소는 스트레스 요인으로 작용하여 $12^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$에서 1차적으로 코티졸 및 글루코스 농도를 상승시켰다. 또한 Ht, Hb, AST, ALT, 이온 농도, 삼투질 농도도 $12^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$에서 폐사 직전에 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2016

Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes toxoplasmosis, which has very few therapeutic treatment options. The most effective therapy is a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine; however, their utility is limited because of drug toxicity and serious side effects. For these reasons, new drugs with lower toxicity are urgently needed. In this study, the compound, (Z)-1-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methyleneamino]-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (nitrofurantoin), showed anti-T. gondii effects in vitro and in vivo. In HeLa cells, the selectivity of nitrofurantoin was 2.3, which was greater than that of pyrimethamine (0.9). In T. gondii-infected female ICR mice, the inhibition rate of T. gondii growth in the peritoneal cavity was 44.7% compared to the negative control group after 4-day treatment with 100 mg/kg of nitrofurantoin. In addition, hematology indicators showed that T. gondii infection-induced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, biochemical parameters involved in liver injury, were reduced by nitrofurantoin significantly. Moreover, nitrofurantoin exerted significant effects on the index of antioxidant status, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). The nitrofurantoin-treated group inhibited the T. gondii-induced MDA levels while alleviating the decrease in GSH levels. Thus, nitrofurantoin is a potential anti-T. gondii candidate for clinical application.