• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.157-164
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• 2001

Radix Asteris has been used in Korea for many centuries as a treatment for respiratory disease. The effect of Radix Asteris on tracheal smooth muscle is not known. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Radix Asteris on histamine induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats and guinea pigs. Guinea pig(500g, male) and Sprague Dawley rats (250g, male) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the thoracic trachea from each rat and guinea pig was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5g loading tension. The dose of histamine (His) which evoked 50% of maximal response ($ED_{50}$) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for histamine $(10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-4}M)$. Contractions evoked by His ($ED_{50}$) were inhibited significantly by Radix Asteris. In guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was 120.5% (p<0.01) after $100{\mu}l/ml$ Radix Asteris. In rat tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was 135.4% (p<0.01) after $100{\mu}l/ml$ Radix Asteris. Propranolol $(10^{-7}M)$ slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Radix Asteris. Following treatment with propranolol, the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Radix Asteris fell to 44.6% in guinea pig induced by histamine contraction and by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Radix Asteris fell to 18.7% (p<0.05) in rat induced by histamine contraction. Indomethacin and methylene blue$(10^{-7}M)$ did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Radix Asteris. These results indicate that Radix Asteris can relax histamine induced contraction of guinea pig and rat tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves sympathetic effects.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.295-304
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was done to investigate whether two oriental prescriptions, saganmahwang-tang (SMT) and prescription C (P-C) significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells. Methods : Cofluent HTSE cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of SMT or P-C to assess the effect of each agent on 3H-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Also, the effects of SMT and P-C on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. Results : SMT significantly inhibited mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, without cytotoxicity. P-C significantly increased mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, with significant cytotoxicity. SMT inhibited Ach-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. P-C did not affect Ach-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. Conclusion : Results su99est that SMT and P-C have regulating effects on mucin secretion from airway goblet cells. Further investigation is needed, because of the value in finding novel agents to this purpose, and these oriental medical prescription have potential for such a role.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.734-739
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• 2004

In the present study, the author intended to investigate whether two oriental medical prescriptions named socheongryong-tang(SCRT) and Kamichihyo-san(KCHS) significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells. Confluent HTSE cells were metabolically radiolabeled with ³H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of SCRT or KCHS to assess the effect of each agent on ³H-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Also, the effects of SCRT and KCHS on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. The results were as follows: (1) SCRT significantly inhibited mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, without cytotoxicity; (2) KCHS significantly increased mucin release without cytotoxicity; (3) SCRT and KCHS did not affect contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. We suggest that the effects of SCRT and its components should be further investigated and it is of great value to find, from oriental medical prescriptions, novel agents which have the possible inhibitory effects on mucin release from the viewpoint of management of hypersecretion of airway mucus.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.238-244
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• 2004

Objective : This study is intended to investigate whether the two oriental medical prescriptions, CheongGeumGangHwa-tang(CGGH) and GwaRuJiSil-tang(GRJS), significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells. Materials and Methods : Confluent HTSE cells were metabolically radio labeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of CGGH or GRJS to assess the effect of each agent on 3H-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Also, the effects of CGGH and GRJS on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. Results : (1) CGGH and GRJS significantly increased mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, without cytotoxicity : (2) CGGH and GRJS did not affect contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. Conclusions : These results suggest that the effects of CGGH and GRJS should be further investigated, and that it would be gainful to invesigate, from among oriental medical prescriptions, what novel agents have these mild expectorant effects on mucin secretion from airway goblet cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.156-162
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• 2006

In the present study, the author intended to investigate whether two oriental medical prescriptions named GSGT and GCPT significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells. Confluent HTSE cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presen+ce of GSGT or GCPT to assess the effect of each agent on 3H-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed dy measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Also, the effects of GSGT and GCPT on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. (1) GSGT did not affect mucin release without cytotoxicity ; (2) GCPT significantly stimulated mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, with significant cytotoxicity ; (3) GSGT and GCPT did not affect contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. We suggest that the effects of GCPT and its components should be further investigated and it is of great value to find, from oriental medical prescriptions, novel agents which have potent expectorant effects on mucin secretion from airway goblet cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.296-302
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• 1996

Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride, a traditional herb medicine, has been used in Korea and China for many centuries as a treatment for respiratory disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride on histamine-induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats. Guinea pigs(500g , female) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the thoracic trachea from each guinea pig was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5g loading tension. The dose of histamine which evoked 50% of maximal response $(ED_{50})$ was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for histamine $(10^{-7}-10^{-4}M)$. Contractions evoked by histamine ($ED_{50}$) were inhibited significantly by Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride. The mean percent inhibition was 53.7% (P<0.05) after 1.5mg／ml Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride, and 87.7% (P<0.01) after 5.0mg／ml Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride. Propranolol $(10^{-7}M)$ slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride. Following treatment with propranolol the mean present inhibition caused by 1.5 and 5.0mg／ml Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride. Indomethacin and methylene blue $(10^{-7}M)$ did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride These results indicate that Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride can relax histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves in part symphathetic nerve system.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.63-75
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• 2008

Objectives: In the present study, the author intended to investigate whether Gamijinhae-tang (Jiaweizhenke-tang) (GJHT) significantly affects both contractility of tracheal smooth muscle and mucin secretion from airway epithelial cells. Materials and Methods: Effect of GJHT on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle of rabbit was investigated. Confluent hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of GJHT to assess the effect of the agent on 3H-mucin secretion. At the same time, confluent NCI-H292 cells were chased for 30 min in the presence of GJHT to assess the effect of the agent on MUC5AC secretion by ELISA. Total elution profiles of control spent media and treatment sample (radioactive mucin) through Sepharose CL-4B column were analyzed. Also, effect of the agent on MUC5AC gene expression in cultured NCI-H292 cells was investigated. Possible cytotoxicities of the agent were assessed by measuring both lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from HTSE cells and examining the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. Results: (1) GJHT inhibited Ach-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle; (2) GJHT significantly increased mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells. However, it did not affect MUC5AC secretion from NCI-H292 cells, only chiefly affecting the 'mucin' secretion; (3) GJHT did not significantly affect the expression levels of MUC5AC gene in cultured NCI-H292 cells; (4) GJHT did not significantly inhibit the survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. However, it slightly increased LDH release from HTSE cells. Conclusion: The author suggests that effects of GJHT with their components should be further investigated and it is valuable to find, from oriental medical prescriptions, novel agents which might regulate mucin secretion from airway epithelial cells.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Radix Stemonae on histamine induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in guinea pigs. Guinea pig(500g, male) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the thoracic trachea from guinea pig was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5g loading tension. The dose of histamine (His) which evoked 50% of maximal response ($ED_{50}$) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for histamine ($10^{-7}∼10^{-4}M$). Contractions evoked by His ($ED_{50}$) were inhibited significantly by Radix Stemonae. In guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was 87.4% (p<0.01) after $100{\mu}l/ml$ Radix Stemonae. Following treatment with propranolol, the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Radix Stemonae fell to 16.2% in guinea pig induced by histamine contraction. Indomethacin and methylene blue($10^{-7}M$) did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Radix Stemonae. These results indicate that Radix Stemonae can relax histamine induced contraction of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves sympathetic effects.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.318-333
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• 2008

Objectives : In this study, the author tried to examine whether Cheogjogupye-tang (淸燥救肺湯, CGPT) and Yieum-jeon (理陰煎, YEJ) significantly affect in vitro and in vivo mucin secretion, MUC5AC gene expression in airway epithelial cells and contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle of rabbit. Materials and Methods : For in vitro experiment, confluent hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were chased for 30 minutes in the presence of CGPT and YEJ to assess the effects of the agents on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with removal of oriental herbal medicine extract from each agent-treated sample by centrifuge microfilter. Also, the effects of the agents on TNF-alpha or EGF-induced MUC5AC gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Possible cytotoxicities of the agent were assessed by examining both LDH release from HTSE cells and the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. For in vivo experiment, hypersecretion of airway mucin and goblet cell hyperplasia was induced by exposure of rats to $SO_2$ over 3 weeks. Effects of CGPT and YEJ orally administered for 1 week on in vivo mucin secretion from tracheal goblet cells of rats and hyperplasia of goblet cells were assessed using ELISA and histological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with alcian blue, respectively. Also, the effects of CGPT and YEJ on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. Results : (1) CGPT significantly inhibited in vitro mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells. However, YEJ did not affect in vitro mucin secretion; (2) CGPT and YEJ did not affect hypersecretion of in vivo mucin and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells; (3) CGPT and YEJ slightly increased the expression levels of TNF-alpha or EGF-induced MUC5AC gene in NCI-H292 cells; (4) CGPT and YEJ inhibited acetylcholine-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle of rabbit; (5) CGPT and YEJ did not affect LDH release from HTSE cells and the survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. Conclusion : The results from the present study suggest that CGPT and YEJ mainly affect the expression of mucin gene rather than secretion of mucin and do not show remarkable cytotoxicity to respiratory epithelial cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1746-1751
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• 2004

This study was done to investigate the effects of Gamichihyo-san and Gamiijung-tang on airway mucus secretion. After administer Gamichihyo-san(GCHS) and Gamiijung-tang(GIJT) extract to Golden Syrian Hamster for 8-10 weeks, we examined mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells. Following results were obtained; GCHG significantly stimulated mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, with minute cytotoxicity GIJT did not affect mucin release and have no cytotoxicity; GCHG and GIJT did not affect contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. These results suggest that Gamichihyo-san might be usefully applied for airway mucus secretion.