• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2021

Purpose: The aims of the present study were 1) to quantitatively evaluate the extent of sinus pneumatization and 2) to determine the factors affecting sinus pneumatization. Methods: Based on implant treatment records, a list of patients who underwent implant placement on the posterior maxilla was obtained. Among them, patients with pre-extraction and post-extraction (before implant placement) panoramic radiographs were selected. After excluding radiographs with low resolution and image distortion, the radiographs before and after extraction were superimposed using computer software. Subsequently, the extent of sinus pneumatization (the vertical change of the sinus floor) was measured. Simple and multiple mixed models were used to determine the factors affecting sinus pneumatization. Results: A total of 145 patients were eligible for the present investigation. The average extent of sinus pneumatization was 1.56±3.93 mm at 176 tooth sites. Male sex, single tooth extraction, extraction of an endodontically compromised tooth, a class I root-sinus relationship, and sinus membrane thickening >10 mm favored pneumatization, but without statistical significance. The maxillary second molar presented the greatest pneumatization (2.25±4.39 mm) compared with other tooth types. This finding was confirmed in the multiple mixed model, which demonstrated a statistically significant impact of the extraction of a second molar compared with the extraction of a first premolar. Conclusions: Maxillary sinus pneumatization was 1.56±3.93 mm on average. The extraction of a second molar led to the greatest extent of pneumatization, which should be considered in the treatment plan for this tooth site.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.487-496
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of STEAM program using authoring tool on elementary school students' creative personality and science-related attitude. For this study, after analyzing curriculum from the first term of 6th grade and extracting the learning elements and topic, I developed lesson plans and App contents. As a result of applying STEAM program using Storyline to 6th grade elementary school class. dividing two groups-experimental group, comparison group-for this study, tested t-test, the test result of experimental group got a meaningful result statistically. There was positive effect on improving elementary school students' creative personality and science-related attitude.

• School Mathematics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 2002

In this study, we studied some examples using GSP(Geometer's SketchPad) in the process of problem solving that is explained by G. polya. After reconsidering examples, we tried to show that using GSP can help student's intuitive thinking, investigative activities, reflective thinking. Especially, in the three phase of problem solving(understanding the problem, devising a plan, looking back), mathematics teachers may using GSP in order to helping student's understanding. Besides, we tried to suggest the direction to use GSP more adequately in the teaching and Beaming mathematics. First of all, Mathematics teachers using GSP in their class must have ideas how to use it. And they have to be careful on the didactical transposition of mathematical knowledge in the computer-based learning. They also have to lead students move from activities with GSP materials to carrying out the problem solving plan and reflection activities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.671-676
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• 2015

The aim of this thesis was to develop PBL(Problem-Based-Learning) problems to supply the problems to classes and to confirm the effectiveness of PBL for PBL applications to element design in engineering schools. Modern industrial society needs competent people with abilities in cooperative learning, self-controlling learning, united knowledge application, and creative problem-solving. Universities need to offer opportunities for improving the problem-solving ability and cooperative learning to learners to train competent people that society demands. PBL activity is a proper learning method for the execution of the above offer. The study subjects were 32 sophomore students in H University who took 'Engineering design 1', which is Element design. Five PBL problems were applied to the class for 15 weeks. They wrote and submitted a reflective journal when they finished the every given PBL activity. In addition, they wrote a class evaluation form after the $5^{th}$ PBL problem's activity ended. The study showed that the students experienced the effectiveness of PBL in many fields, such as the comprehension of the studied contents(71.87%), the comprehension of cooperative learning (87.5%), authentic experience, problem-solving skills (90.63%), presentation skills (96.87%), communication ability, self-directed study ability, and confidence (96.87%). The students realized that PBL learning activities are important because students could develop into future intelligent engineers that modern industrial society demands through PBL learning activities.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

The goal of this study is to propose an efficient model for recognizing and classifying tree images to measure the accuracy that can be applied to smart devices during class. From the 2009 revised textbook to the 2015 revised textbook, the learning objective to the fourth-grade science textbook of elementary schools was added to the plant recognition utilizing smart devices. In this study, we compared the recognition rates of trees before and after retraining using a pre-trained inception V3 model, which is the support of the Google Inception V3. In terms of tree recognition, it can distinguish several features, including shapes, bark, leaves, flowers, and fruits that may lead to the recognition rate. Furthermore, if all the leaves of trees may fall during winter, it may challenge to identify the type of tree, as only the bark of the tree will remain some leaves. Therefore, the effective tree classification model is presented through the combination of the images by tree type and the method of combining the model for the accuracy of each tree type. I hope that this model will apply to smart devices used in educational settings.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.161-169
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose an smart device based robot programming education program and analyzing students' perceptions such as satisfaction, Expectancy-Value of IT convergence learning after the robot education program according to elementary gifted students' level. Smart device based robot programming education program designed based on schematic of the convergence suggested by WTEC and consist of creative phase, integration/fusion phase, innovation phase, outcome phase for learning practical process of the IT convergence. We are conducting a smart device based robot programming education class to consist of 126 gifted students and analysing the difference of perception. According to analysis of the result, core and advanced students' perception on satisfaction score shows also high. However, advanced level students' satisfaction score shows higher than core students' satisfaction score. Also, advanced level students' expectancy-value score on IT convergence learning shows higher than core students' score.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.85-100
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is development of 'F1 in Schools Program' for elementary school student and validation of the program. Fifteen students were originally chosen from the W elementary school in Cheongju, Chungcheogbuk-Do. The children were tested on their understanding of science and 'F1 in Schools Program'. After developing the 'F1 in Schools Program', it was used in the classroom to evaluate applicability and to examine the responses from students, parents and schools. The program consists of 60 classes and the time of each class is 40 minutes. This study was conducted for 10 days from January 22nd, 2007 to February 2nd, 2007. CAD(Computer Aided Design), CFD(Computation Fluid Dynamics), CAM(Computer Aided manufacturing) and CNC Machine were used in this study and proved to be good materials for students in that they increased the students' participation and imagination. However, the children's cognitive and creative abilities as well as manuals written in English hampered the process. Most students, parents, schools seemed to be satisfied with use of the program. However, the schools showed that there was not enough understanding of the program as a whole. The processes with which students build and inspect using the $CO_2$Model Car not only improves the processing of the model but also enhanced the students scientific understanding related to the car speed.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2002

For an effective listening to music, a repeated listening to music should be possible without any restriction of time and space as well as to music for a music class and the various multi-media learning materials for listening to music is required. However, an individualized and repeated listening is difficult and an individualized listening materials are lacking. To solve these problems, learning system for listening to music in elementary school sharing learning materials required for it and including learning factors of listening to music is required. Therefore, this study analyzes learning factors of listening to music in elementary school and the learning system for listening to music is designed and developed to make elementary students have their own active listening to music and feel achievement and confidence by teacher's evaluation of their writings after listening to music and experience a joyful musical activity. And it is applied to elementary school.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-60
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• 2020

Cyber bullying is increasing these days and becoming a serious social problem that gives rise to issues such as school violence and cyber crimes. We had developed a serious game-based education program for teenagers who are familiar with computer games. After pilot test the educational effect was also found to be high. I have found the followings in this case study. Serious game is effective media for cyber bullying prevention education. Second, cooperation between content experts and game development experts is essential to develop educational games.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.277-285
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• 2011

This research examines the effect of robots for improving creativity in elementary art classes. A creative art program with robot was developed based on research of robots and their effects on creativity, and an elementary art curriculum analysis. The program ran for 16 class periods. In this research, fifty seven 4th grade students participated, and an analysis of covariance was carried out based on before and after creativity tests. The research result shows that students who used the robot program achieved a significant improvement in their creativity over students who did not use the robot program in art classes. It proves that robots can be effective tools for improving creativity in elementary art classes.