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  • Title/Summary/Keyword: Acute Leukemia

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Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia - Tertiary Care Experience

  • Sultan, Sadia;Zaheer, Hasan Abbas;Irfan, Syed Mohammed;Ashar, Sana
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.357-360
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    • 2016
  • Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an acquired clonal frequent malignant disorder of myeloid progenitor cells. Our aim was to study demographical and clinicopathological features of adult Pakistani AML patients at presentation. Materials and Methods: In this single centre study extending from January 2010 to December 2014, data were retrieved from the patient records with a predetermined performa and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: Overall 125 patients were diagnosed at our institution with de novo AML during the study period. There were 76 males and 49 females (ratio 1.5:1), with an age range between 15 and 85 years and a mean age of 38.8±20.1years. The major complaints were fever (72.8%), generalized weakness (60%), bleeding (37.6%) and dyspnea (12%). Physical examination revealed pallor in 56.8%, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly in 16% and 12.8%, respectively, and lymphodenopathy in 10.4%. The mean hemoglobin was 8.19±2.12g/dl with a mean MCV of 86.0±9.83fl, a mean total leukocyte count of 43.1±68.5×109/l, an ANC of 3.09±6.66×109/l and a mean platelet count of 62.3±78.6×109/l. Conclusions: AML in Pakistani patients is seen in a relatively very young population with male preponderance, compared with the west. However, clinico-pathological features appear comparable to published data.

Association Between Polymorphisms of Dihydrofolate Reductase and Gamma Glutamyl Hydrolase Genes and Toxicity of High Dose Methotrexate in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  • Koomdee, Napatrupron;Hongeng, Suradej;Apibal, Suntaree;Pakakasama, Samart
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.7
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    • pp.3461-3464
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    • 2012
  • Methotrexate (MTX) is an important drug for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, related toxicity occurs in many organs which may cause interruption of treatment, morbidity, and mortality. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and gamma glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) are known to alter their enzymatic activity and thus affect the metabolism of MTX and influence the effectiveness. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic variations of DHFR and GGH genes may influence the risk of toxicity after high dose MTX. The study population comprised of 105 children with ALL who were treated according to the modified St Jude Total XV protocol. The patients received 2.5 or 5g/m2 of MTX for 5 doses during the consolidation phase. Genotyping of DHFR 829C>T and GGH-401C>T was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The GGH-401CT and TT genotypes were associated with increased risk of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia after high dose MTX (OR 2.97, 95%CI; 1.24-7.13 and OR 4.02, 95%CI; 1.58-10.26). DHFR 829C>T was not associated with toxicity. In conclusion, the GGH-401CT and TT genotypes were found to increase the risk of severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia after exposure to high dose MTX for childhood ALL therapy.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults - an Analysis of 51 Cases from a Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan

  • Sultan, Sadia;Irfan, Syed Mohammed;Parveen, Saira;Mustafa, Sanober
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.2307-2309
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    • 2016
  • Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease in which early lymphoid precursors proliferate and replace the normal hematopoiesis. It has distinctive clinical and biological features. In respect to adult ALL, available data from Pakistan are limited. Therefore we reviewed the demographical and clinicohematological profiles along with FAB stratification of adult patients with ALL presented at our hospital. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 51 adults (15years) patients with ALL were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014. Results: The mean age was 23.8±12.9years with the median age of 18.0 years. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The major complaints were fever (60.7%), generalized weakness (47.0%), overt bleeding (19.6%) and weight loss (13.7%). Physical examination revealed lymphodenopathy as a predominant finding detected in 43.1% followed by splenomegaly and hepatomegaly in 23.5% and 21.5%, respectively. The mean hemoglobin level was 9.0±2.75g/dl with a mean MCV of 82.2±15.4fl, a mean total leukocyte count of 31.1±64.0×109/l, a mean ANC of 2.1±3.0×109/l and a mean platelet count of 71.7±85.7×109/l. According to FAB classification, 47.1% were L1 type, 45.1% L2 and 7.8% L3 variant. Conclusions: Clinico-pathological features appeared comparable to published data. Febrile illness associated with lymphodenopathy was the commonest presentation. FAB classification revealed a predominance of ALL-L1 variant in Pakistani adult patients with ALL.

Is the MDR1 C3435T Polymorphism Responsible for Oral Mucositis in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?

  • Bektas-Kayhan, Kivanc;Kucukhuseyin, Ozlem;Karagoz, Gizem;Unur, Meral;Ozturk, Oguz;Unuvar, Aysegul;Devecioglu, Omer;Yilmaz-Aydogan, Hulya
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.10
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    • pp.5251-5255
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    • 2012
  • Background and Aim: Although the functional consequences of MDR-1 polymorphisms have been the subject of numerous studies, to the best to our knowledge, associations with clinical side effects of anticancer drugs have yet to be assessed. Our aim was to clarify any role of the C3435T polymorphism of the MDR1 gene in oral mucositis and its relation with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Materials and Methods: The distribution of the MDR-1 C3435T polymorphism in 47 patients with ALL was determined by RFLP and compared with that of 68 healthy controls. Results: There were no association in distribution of genotypes of MDR-1 C3435T polymorphism and the risk of ALL. Oral mucositis were detected in 78.7% (n=37) of the patients and significantly related to the MDR-1 CT genotype (p=0.042), as confirmed by logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that children carrying the CT genotype are more prone to develop oral mucositis, which might mean that the heterozygous genotype leads to accumulation of more reactive oxygen species. Since a limited number of patients was investigated, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Cytogenetic and Genetic Mutation Features of de novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Elderly Chinese Patients

  • Su, Long;Li, Xian;Gao, Su-Jun;Yu, Ping;Liu, Xiao-Liang;Tan, Ye-Hui;Liu, Ying-Min
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.895-898
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the cytogenetic and genetic mutation features of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly Chinese patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of cytogenetics and genetic mutations was performed in 113 cases (age range 50-82 years) with de novo AML. Results: The most frequent cytogenetic abnormality was t (15;17) (q22;q21), detected in 10.0% (n = 9) of successfully analyzed cases, followed by t (8;21) (q22;q22) in 8.89% (n = 8), and complex karyotypes in 5.56% (n = 5). Those with complex karyotypes included 4 cases (4.44%) of monosomal karyotypes. The frequencies of NPM1, FLT3-ITD, c-kit, and CEBPA mutations were 27.4% (31/113), 14.5% (16/110), 5.88% (6/102), and 23.3% (7/30), respectively. The complete remission rates of patients in low, intermediate, and high risk groups were 37.5%, 48.6%, and 33.3%, respectively (χ2 = 0.704, P = 0.703) based on risk stratification. Conclusion: Cytogenetics and genetic mutations alone may not be sufficient to evaluate the prognoses of elderly AML patients. The search for a novel model that would enable a more comprehensive evaluation of this population is therefore imperative.

Relapse-free Rate with Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated under the Thai National Protocol

  • Tharnprisan, Piangjit;Khiewyoo, Jiraporn;Sripraya, Piporn;Wiangnon, Surapon
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.1127-1130
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    • 2013
  • Background: The standard national protocol for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children was implemented in 2006. A systematic evaluation of the treatment outcome is needed. This study examined the relapse-free survival among childhood ALL cases treated with this protocol and related factors. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in children aged between 0-15 years, newly diagnosed with ALL between March 2006 and March 2011 at Srinagarind Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University. The patients were treated on the basis of stratified risk as per the Thai national protocol. Data were compiled from the hospital records. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe relapse-free survival and the Cox proportional hazard model to investigate the associated factors. Results: Of the 103 children recruited, 86 (83.5%) achieved complete remission. The total follow-up time was 3132.5 person-months. Eighteen (20.9%) relapsed. The incidence density was 0.6 per 100 person-months (95%CI: 0.4, 0.9). The respective relapse-free rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 93.0% (95%CI: 85.1, 96.8), 84.5% (95%CI: 74.0, 90.9) and 64.1% (95%CI: 45.6, 77.8). A factor associated with the relapse-free rate was age under 1 year (HR=6.0; 95%CI: 1.1, 33.8). Conclusions: The rate of being relapse-free in ALL children treated under the Thai national protocol at Srinagarind Hospital was better than with former protocols; however, it is still not as good as in developed countries. Further review of the treatment approach of ALL is needed.

Mortality, Length of Stay, and Cost Associated with Hospitalized Adult Cancer Patients with Febrile Neutropenia

  • Chindaprasirt, Jarin;Wanitpongpun, Chinadol;Limpawattana, Panita;Thepsuthammarat, Kaewjai;Sripakdee, Warunsuda;Wirasorn, Kosin;Sookprasert, Aumkhae
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.1115-1119
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    • 2013
  • Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious complication following chemotherapy and is associated with significant mortality and financial expenditure. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for longer length of stay (LOS) and mortality and cost of treatment among hospitalized adults with cancer who developed febrile neutropenia in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Information on illness of inpatients and casualties came from hospitals nationwide and from hospital withdrawals from the 3 health insurance schemes in fiscal 2010. The data covered 96% of the population and were analyzed by age groups, hospital level, and insurance year schemes in patients with febrile neutropenia. Results: A total of 5,809 patients were identified in the study. The mortality rate was 14%. The median LOS was 8.67 days and 69% of patients stayed for longer than 5 days. On bivariate analysis, age, cancer type, and infectious complications (bacteremia/sepsis, hypotension, fungal infections, and pneumonia) were significantly associated with longer LOS and death. On multivariate analysis, acute leukemia and infectious complications were linked with longer LOS and death significantly. The median cost of hospitalized FN was THB 33,686 (USD 1,122) with the highest cost observed in acute leukemia patients. Conclusions: FN in adult patients results in significant mortality in hospitalized Thai patients. Factors associated with increased mortality include older age (>70), acute leukemia, comorbidity, and infectious complications.

Clofarabine in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

  • Aleem, Aamer;Anjum, Farhan;Algahtani, Farjah;Iqbal, Zafar;Alsaleh, Khalid;AlMomen, Abdulkareem
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.1089-1092
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    • 2013
  • Background: Elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a poor outcome because of co-morbidities, poor tolerance to intensive chemotherapy and inherently more resistant disease. Clofarabine is a second generation nucleoside analogue which has shown promising activity in elderly patients with AML. This study was conducted to review the outcome of treatment with clofarabine in a group of such patients. Methods: The records of 5 elderly patients who were diagnosed to have AML and treated with clofarabine over a 12 month period were reviewed retrospectively. Results: There were 2 female and 3 male patients with a median age of 68 years (range 65-82). At the time of treatment, 2 patients had newly diagnosed AML not considered suitable for intensive therapy, while 3 patients had partial or no response to conventional chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 100%, all patients achieving a complete remission. Induction and consolidation were well tolerated. All patients developed neutropenia with a median duration of 20 days (range 17-42). One patient developed hand and foot syndrome and a generalized rash but recovered. There was no mortality and all patients remained in remission after a median follow-up of 5.2 months (Range 3-10). Conclusion: Clofarabine (alone or in combination) is active in elderly AML patients with an acceptable safety profile and should be considered a potential option in this group.

Differential Diagnosis of Oral Lesions for the Initial Diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (급성림프모구성 백혈병의 조기진단 시 구강병변 양상을 통한 감별의 중요성)

  • Seo, Mi Hyun;Ha, Ji Young;Huh, Kyung Hoe;Cho, Young Ah;Kim, Soung Min;Choi, Jin Young
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.107-111
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    • 2013
  • Careful examination of the oral cavity may reveal findings indicative of an underlying systemic condition, and allow for early diagnosis and treatment. Examination should include evaluation for mucosal changes, periodontal inflammation and bleeding, and general condition of the teeth. A 12-year-old man visited for molar pain during 3 months. He was diagnosed with having a possibility of hematopoietic malignancy, showing the loss of lamina dura, destruction of bony crypt, and high attenuation in the bone marrow. He was referred to department of pediatrics, additional study, including peripheral cell morphology and bone marrow exam, were performed, and diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic anemia. Despite chemotherapy to cure leukemia, he was expired 8 months after initial diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to promote and evoke the awareness regarding an initial examination of the dentist to make an effort to acquire accurate knowledge and information about life-threatening disease in usual dental practice.

Identification of Novel Functional Variants of SIN3A and SRSF1 among Somatic Variants in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

  • Min, Jae-Woong;Koh, Youngil;Kim, Dae-Yoon;Kim, Hyung-Lae;Han, Jeong A;Jung, Yu-Jin;Yoon, Sung-Soo;Choi, Sun Shim
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.465-475
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    • 2018
  • The advent of massively parallel sequencing, also called next-generation sequencing (NGS), has dramatically influenced cancer genomics by accelerating the identification of novel molecular alterations. Using a whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach, we identified somatic coding and noncoding variants that may contribute to leukemogenesis in 11 adult Korean acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, with serial tumor samples (primary and relapse) available for 5 of them; somatic variants were identified in 187 AML-related genes, including both novel (SIN3A, C10orf53, PTPRR, and RERGL) and well-known (NPM1, RUNX1, and CEPBA) AML-related genes. Notably, SIN3A expression shows prognostic value in AML. A newly designed method, referred to as "hot-zone" analysis, detected two putative functional noncoding variants that can alter transcription factor binding affinity near PPP1R10 and SRSF1. Moreover, the functional importance of the SRSF1 noncoding variant was further investigated by luciferase assays, which showed that the variant is critical for the regulation of gene expression leading to leukemogenesis. We expect that further functional investigation of these coding and noncoding variants will contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of AML and the development of targeted anti-cancer drugs.