• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2011

When designing a ship, ergonomic considerations are crucial when minimizing a navigator's fatigue due to the burden of work, and to appropriately operate the navigational equipment for each given situation by helping the operator to understand the surroundings as well as the physical functions of the ship. However, insufficient consideration of ergonomic elements in the actual design of ship Bridges is lowering the performance of safe navigation and allows for the possibility of operation or readout errors. Consequently, these errors lead to an increase in maritime accidents. Therefore, this study conducted a usability evaluation on the importance of and the usage frequency of navigational equipment, their influence on actual navigation, and the possibility of error upon operation or readout between training ship officers, to derive an optimized layout that includes the consideration of ergonomic factors for on-Bridge navigational equipment, which are currently arranged differently according to their type or size. The optimized layout of on-Bridge navigational equipment was carried out based on the evaluation results, using the Lingo program. Through the process of optimization, revised layouts of on-Bridge navigational equipments(control and display device) were suggested, considering emergency situations(ship collision, stranding, fire and explosion, sinking, etc.) during navigation.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2004

Background : The part to be very important that we make the physical development rightly at elementary school student days. Objective : This study investigated the relation of a physical health status which itself recognizes and an exercise performance situation out for an elementary school students. Methods : This cross-sectional study examined health and exercise performance status of 1,032 elementary school children. To examine children's a physical injury experience and injury occurrence characteristic and a personal computer utility condition, a body alignment status of the student which parents recognize and the relation of a fatigue and concentration level was an investigation with other factors. Results: An average age of the children was the 10.95 yr and an average weight was the 39.02 kg and an average height was the 145.17cm. The student to be experiencing currently an pain occurrence was 192(19.07%). It was most high to the grade 6(23.33%) compared with different grade(p<.01). Physical pain occurrence rate did not exist by gender(p>.05). There is most an pain occurrence region the ankle(38.0%). They had a 27.19% an physical injury experience of the students. A injury rate was revealed that were high as were the high grade(grade 6, 36.72%)(p<.01). A reason of the injury rate was high in a collision at the body(19.84%), falling down(18.68%) sequence at a traffic accident(22.96%)(p<.05). There were the significant relation to the school year the reason of the injury (p<.05). Currently there was the student to be taking special exercises a 57.97%. This that they have the relation with exercise with physical pain students to recognize 23.8%. The significant relation did not exist in the physical exercise execution and pain occurrence on the body(p>.05).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.125-140
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• 2013

This paper aims to give an overview of the methods to inherently prevent human errors and to effectively mitigate the consequences of such errors by securing defense-in-depth during plant management through the advanced man-machine interface system (MMIS). It is needless to stress the significance of human error reduction during an accident in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Unexpected shutdowns caused by human errors not only threaten nuclear safety but also make public acceptance of nuclear power extremely lower. We have to recognize there must be the possibility of human errors occurring since humans are not essentially perfect particularly under stressful conditions. However, we have the opportunity to improve such a situation through advanced information and communication technologies on the basis of lessons learned from our experiences. As important lessons, authors explained key issues associated with automation, man-machine interface, operator support systems, and procedures. Upon this investigation, we outlined the concept and technical factors to develop advanced automation, operation and maintenance support systems, and computer-based procedures using wired/wireless technology. It should be noted that the ultimate responsibility of nuclear safety obviously belongs to humans not to machines. Therefore, safety culture including education and training, which is a kind of organizational factor, should be emphasized as well. In regard to safety culture for human error reduction, several issues that we are facing these days were described. We expect the ideas of the advanced MMIS proposed in this paper to lead in the future direction of related researches and finally supplement the safety of NPPs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2007

Objectives : To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and hemorrhagic stroke. Methods : A case-control study was conducted on 2,712 persons (904 cases, 904 hospital controls, and 904 community controls) participating in an Acute Brain Bleeding Analysis study from October 2002 to March 2004. Two controls for each case were matched according to age and gender. The information was obtained by trained interviewers using standardized questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between BMI and the frequency of having a hemorrhagic stroke. Results : Obese men (25.0 $\leq$ BMI < $30.0\;kg/m^2$) had an odds ratios (OR) of 1.39 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.87) a hemorrhagic stroke, compared to men with a normal BMI (18.5 to $24.9\;kg/m^2$). Conversely, women with lower BMI had a higher risk of having hemorrhagic stroke. With respect to subtypes of hemorrahagic stroke, we observed about a three-fold increase in the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the highly obese group. However, these trends were not significant in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages. Conclusions : Obesity was identified as one of the risk factors in hemorrhagic stroke, in particular ICH. Conversely, in women, a lean body weight increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Consequently, managing one's weight is essential to reduce the risks of hemorrhagic stroke.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.404-409
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• 2008

본 논문은 크게 두 가지 내용을 담고 있다. 하나는 기 개발된 철도 인간신뢰도분석 방법(R-HRA)의 개정에 관한 내용이며, 다른 하나는 개정된 R-HRA 방법에 기반한 R-HRA 지원 시스템의 개발이다. 개정된 R-HRA 방법은 분석자간 일관성을 유지하기 위한 직무분석 지침의 제공과 영향인자의 분류에 특징을 두고 있으며, R-HRA 지원 시스템은 인간신뢰도분석을 위한 정보의 수집, 내 외적 오류유형을 포함한 정성적 오류분석, 오류확률의 정량화, 전체 분석결과의 문서화 작업 등을 지원하고 있다. 개정된 R-HRA 방법과 지원 소프트웨어는 철도 사고 시나리오에서 발생 가능한 인적오류 가능성을 효과적이고 효율적으로 분석할 수 있도록 지원할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2008

Objectives: To identify the willingness of laypersons to perform the cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), we analyzed their characteristics of socio-economic status and health-medical conditions associated with their willingness. Methods: Based on a health survey of Incheon Metropolitan City adults(N=5,114), tests of the differences between a group with willingness to perform CPR(=1,531) and a group with non-willingness to perform CPR(=3,583), and a logistic regression analysis of two groups were executed on socio-economic status-gender, age, marital stats, education level, jobs, and monthly household income-and health-medical conditions-CPR-related self-confidence, CPR education, chronic diseases, accident experience, EMS(emergency medical service) experience, and health status. Results: The rate of the willingness group was 29.9%, which was relatively lower than other developed countries. There were statistically significant differences between the willingness group with the non-willingness group on gender, age, jobs, CPR-related self-confidence, CPR education, and so on. Furthermore, Gender, age, students or armed forces among jobs, CPR-related self-confidence, and CPR education were statistically significant influential factors on the willingness to perform CPR. Conclusion: This study indicated that there was considerable variation in socio-economic status and health-medical conditions associated with willingness to perform CPR in Incheon. The CPR education aimed at increasing CPR-related self-confidence and correcting inaccurate perceptions of CPR attitudes would promote its use in response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 건설 현장에서 안전사고를 사전에 방지하기 위해 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 안전관리자와 현장 근로자를 대상으로 근로조건과 직무만족도의 비교를 실시하고, 현장관리자와 안전관리자의 근로조건이 직무만족도에 미치는 영향을 비교분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과, 기본임금과 의료, 여가가 직무만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 현장관리자와 안전관리자의 비교분석결과, 안전관리자는 현장관리자보다 기본임금에 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 현장관리자의 경우, 기본임금을 제외하고, 의료, 여가가 직무만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나왔으나, 안전관리자의 경우, 산재, 숙소가 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 건설현장에서 안전관리자의 근로조건에 대한 개선방안을 도출하여 현장 안전관리에 대한 건설기업과 정부 측면의 정책 마련에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2016

국내 캠핑문화의 확산과 국민 여가문화의 선진화에 따라 야영인구 및 야영장의 수가 급속히 증가하고 있다. 야영인구 및 야영장 수의 빠른 증가로 인하여 안전사고 또한 급격히 증가하고 있어서 효율적인 안전관리 대책이 필요하다. 특히, 과열에 의한 부탄캔의 폭발, 밀폐된 공간에서 연소기 사용에 의한 CO 중독 등의 가스사고가 증가하고 있으므로 사고를 예방하는데 집중할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 취사장, 샤워장 등 야영장 시설에서 사용되는 액화석유가스 시설과 주요 캠핑용품의 사용실태 및 위험요소를 분석하고 효과적인 안전관리 방안 도출을 위한 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 국내 야영장 내 액화석유가스 사용 상 안전 관리 효율성 증대에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Urban parks provide good services to the community, and they are enhanced by citizen participation. For that especially, organizational and continued volunteering can be a key strategy. The purpose of this study is to establish factors on promoting the continuity of volunteering in voulatary associations of urban parks. Variables of continuity are continual will, continual time, and psychological continuance motive. To add to this, this study is intended to inquiry about recognition and compensation that volunteers want to receive. The major findings are as follows: First, The main participantes were housewives with high education. Second, Continual will was influenced by gender, profession, the satisfactory degree for individual pursuit an ideal, and the degree of confidence with members. Third, Continual time was influenced by profession and individual network in community. Forth, Continual motive was influenced by individual network in community, the result-analysis behavior of related government organ, the degree of confidence and the degree of ties with members. Finally, Volunteers wanted to receive the volunteering expenses, the compensation about accident, and emotional recognitions. In sum : to ensure the continuity of volunteering, first, recruiting of volunteers is demanded to select a major target group in the community. Second, a voulatary association helps to make confidence and ties with members. Third, the related government organ strives for volunteers to have a positive recognition of the organ's attitudes, for the volunteer association to have a clearly distinguished area of action from the organ's one, and a co-operative system. Finally, an institution needs to be established to give emotional recognitions as well as volunteering expenses and acompensation for accidents.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1001-1008
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• 2018

본 논문은 인명구조, 사고방지, 시설관리 등 수상환경에서 위치정보가 필요한 상황에서 무선 신호를 활용한 효율적인 위치 추적 기술을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 유저의 배터리 파워 소모량을 고려하여 제한된 전력 내에서 위험도를 최소화한다. 수상의 일정 반경 내에서 유저의 송수신 신호 세기를 이용하여 유저의 위치를 알 수 있는데, 이 때 유저가 일정 반경을 벗어나는 것을 사전에 방지할 필요가 있다. 이 논문에서는 먼저 유저가 일정 반경을 벗어나는 것을 방지하기 위해 위험도 함수를 정의한다. 위험도 함수는 위치정확도, 수심, 유속 등 수상 환경 위험에 관련된 다양한 요인들을 고려한다. 본 논문은 finger printing 기법을 이용한 효율적인 무선 측위 기술을 활용하여 일정 지역 내에 위치한 유저의 평균 위험도를 최소화하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다.